Association of apolipoprotein A1 and A5 polymorphisms with stroke subtypes in Han Chinese people in Taiwan

Lipid-Related Genetic Variants for Personalized Dietary Interventions: A Systematic Review

Dyslipidemias are known risk factors for chronic diseases. Precision nutrition interventions are designed according to characteristics, such as diet, phenotype, and genotype. This systematic review aims to define a panel of genetic variants associated with lipid abnormalities that could be later used in nutrigenetic intervention studies. A systematic review is conducted following the PRISMA-P. Studies published from January 2010 to December 2020 in English language and humans are included from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Articles that demonstrate a strong association between polymorphisms (single nucleotide variation) of genes involved in lipid metabolism and increased risk for dyslipidemia are included. A total of 3031 articles are screened, but only 51 articles fulfill the inclusion criteria. The genes included are FABP2, MTTP related to CM synthesis and secretion; LPL, LIPC involved in triglyceride hydrolysis; CETP, APOA1, LCAT, ABCA1, and APOA5 related to lipoprotein metabolism, and APOE, LDLR, SCARB1, APOC3 involved in lipid clearance. In this systematic review, genetic variants related to chylomicron synthesis, triglyceride hydrolysis, lipoprotein metabolism, and lipid clearance demonstrate a strong association with lipid abnormalities, which can be used to design precision nutrition interventions that may help to prevent and treat dyslipidemia effectively.

Apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphism (rs662799) and cardiovascular disease in end-stage kidney disease patients

Background

Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The APOA5 gene is one of the crucial factors in plasma TG metabolism regulation. The rs662799 polymorphism in the APOA5 gene has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential association of this variant with CVD in patients with end-stage kidney disease. 

Methods

In this case–control study the polymorphism was analyzed using the PCR–RFLP method in 800 consecutive patients with ESKD and 500 healthy controls. The genotype and allele distribution was compared between subgroups of patients with CVD (552) versus those without CVD (248).

Results

The frequency of the minor allele (C) in the healthy individuals was 9% compared to 12% in ESRD group (p = 0.09). The difference between groups was slightly higher for CC homozygote (3.5% versus 1.6%, p = 0.042). The ESKD patient group was analyzed according to the presence or absence of CVD. The significant differences in the polymorphism distribution were revealed in this analysis. The frequency of the C allele in the CVD + subgroup was 14% compared to 6% in CVD- patients (p = 0.001). In the CVD + subgroup the ORs (95% CI) for the C allele and CC genotype were 2.41 (1.61–3.6), p < 0.001 and 3.13 (1.07–9.14), p = 0.036, respectively. This indicates to the association of the variant C allele with cardiovascular disease in ESKD patients. The CC homozygotes have a threefold higher odds of CVD compared to TT homozygotes. The highest frequency of the C allele (18%) was observed in subgroup of patients with diabetic nephropathy, with OR (95% CI) 3.40 (2.13–5.43), p < 0.001.The presence of minor allele (CC and CT genotypes) was significantly associated with increased plasma triglyceride levels (p < 0.001 for both CVD + and CVD- groups).

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated the effect of rs662799 polymorphism on plasma TG levels and its association with the development of cardiovascular disease in ESKD patients.

Associations between Aquaglyceroporin Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Stroke among Patients with Hypertension

Background

Dysregulations of AQP7 and AQP9 were found to be related to lipid metabolism abnormality, which had been proven to be one of the mechanisms of stroke. However, limited epidemiological studies explore the associations between AQP7 and AQP9 and the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension in China.

Aims

We aimed to investigate the associations between genetic variants in AQP7 and AQP9 and the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension, as well as to explore gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

Methods

Baseline blood samples were drawn from 211 cases with stroke and 633 matched controls. Genomic DNA was extracted by a commercially available kit. Genotyping of 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AQP7 (rs2989924, rs3758269, and rs2542743) and AQP9 (rs57139208, rs16939881) was performed by the polymerase chain reaction assay with TaqMan probes.

Results

Participants with the rs2989924 GG genotype were found to be with a 1.74-fold increased risk of stroke compared to those with the AA+AG genotype, and this association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio (OR): 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-2.46). The SNP rs3758269 CC+TT genotype was found to be with a 33% decreased risk of stroke after multivariate adjustment (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45-0.99) compared to the rs3758269 CC genotype. The significantly increased risk of stroke was prominent among males, patients aged 60 or above, and participants who were overweight and with a harbored genetic variant in SNP rs2989924. After adjusting potential confounders, the SNP rs3758269 CT+TT genotype was found to be significantly associated with a decreased risk of stroke compared to the CC genotype among participants younger than 60 years old or overweight. No statistically significant associations were observed between genotypes of rs2542743, rs57139208, or rs16939881 with the risk of stroke. Neither interactions nor linkage disequilibrium had been observed in this study.

Conclusions

This study suggests that SNPs rs2989924 and rs3758269 are associated with the risk of stroke among patients with hypertension, while there were no statistically significant associations between rs2542743, rs57139208, and rs16939881 and the risk of stroke being observed.