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Walsh C, Jin S. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and CRISPR-Cas9 Innovations for Treating Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Glycogen Storage Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:1052. [PMID: 38920680 PMCID: PMC11201389 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) and CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technologies have become powerful tools in disease modeling and treatment. By harnessing recent biotechnological advancements, this review aims to equip researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive and updated understanding of the evolving treatment landscape for metabolic and genetic disorders, highlighting how iPSCs provide a unique platform for detailed pathological modeling and pharmacological testing, driving forward precision medicine and drug discovery. Concurrently, CRISPR-Cas9 offers unprecedented precision in gene correction, presenting potential curative therapies that move beyond symptomatic treatment. Therefore, this review examines the transformative role of iPSC technology and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in addressing metabolic and genetic disorders such as alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD) and glycogen storage disease (GSD), which significantly impact liver and pulmonary health and pose substantial challenges in clinical management. In addition, this review discusses significant achievements alongside persistent challenges such as technical limitations, ethical concerns, and regulatory hurdles. Future directions, including innovations in gene-editing accuracy and therapeutic delivery systems, are emphasized for next-generation therapies that leverage the full potential of iPSC and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thomas J. Watson College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Monteillet L, Labrune P, Hochuli M, Do Cao J, Tortereau A, Miliano AC, Ardon-Zitoun C, Duchampt A, Silva M, Verzieux V, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Cellular and metabolic effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on glycogen storage disease type I nephropathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:914-928. [PMID: 34617103 PMCID: PMC8947214 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (GSDI) is an inherited disease caused by glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency, leading to a loss of endogenous glucose production and severe hypoglycemia. Moreover, most GSDI patients develop a chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to lipid accumulation in the kidney. Similar to diabetic CKD, activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) promotes renal fibrosis in GSDI. Here, we investigated the physiological and molecular effects of RAS blockers in GSDI patients and mice. A retrospective analysis of renal function was performed in 21 GSDI patients treated with RAS blockers. Cellular and metabolic impacts of RAS blockade were analyzed in K.G6pc−/− mice characterized by G6pc1 deletion in kidneys. GSDI patients started RAS blocker treatment at a median age of 21 years and long-term treatment reduced the progression of CKD in about 50% of patients. However, CKD progressed to kidney failure in 20% of treated patients, requiring renal transplantation. In K.G6pc−/− mice, CKD was associated with an impairment of autophagy and ER stress. RAS blockade resulted in a rescue of autophagy and decreased ER stress, concomitantly with decreased fibrosis and improved renal function, but without impact on glycogen and lipid contents. In conclusion, these data confirm the partial beneficial effect of RAS blockers in the prevention of CKD in GSDI. Mechanistically, we show that these effects are linked to a reduction of cell stress, without affecting metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Monteillet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Labrune
- APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Michel Hochuli
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Do Cao
- APHP, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | | | | | - Carine Ardon-Zitoun
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Verzieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
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Poletto E, Baldo G. Creating cell lines for mimicking diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:59-87. [PMID: 34127202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines can be good models for the disease they are derived from but can also be used to study general physiological and pathological processes. They can also be used to generate cell models of diseases when primary cultures are not available. Recent genome editing tools have been very promising tools toward creating cell models to mimic diseases in vitro. In this chapter, we highlight techniques used to obtain genome-edited cell lines, including cell line selection, transfection and gene editing tools available, together with methods of phenotype characterization and, lastly, a few examples of how in vitro disease models were created using CRISPR-Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Poletto
- Gene Therapy Center, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Xu Q, Tang H, Duan L, Zuo X, Shi X, Li Y, Zhao H, Zhang H. A novel SLC37A4 missense mutation in GSD-Ib without hepatomegaly causes enhanced leukocytes endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1568. [PMID: 33280276 PMCID: PMC7963412 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ib is an autosomal recessive disease caused by defects of glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT), encoded by the SLC37A4 gene. To date, over 100 mutations have been revealed in the SLC37A4 gene. GSD‐Ib patients manifest a metabolic phenotype of impaired blood glucose homeostasis and also carry the additional complications of neutropenia and myeloid dysfunction. Methods Here, we present two daughters with an initial diagnosis of gout in a Chinese consanguineous family. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed to identify the mutations. The mechanism of leukocytopenia was investigated. Results Whole‐exome sequencing analysis of the proband identified a novel homozygous p.P119L mutation in SLC37A4, leading to a diagnosis of GSD‐Ib. We found that the potential pathogenic p.P119L mutation leads to an unusual phenotype characterized by gout at onset, and GSD‐Ib arising from this variant also manifests multiple metabolic abnormalities, leukocytopenia, and anemia, but no hepatomegaly. The leukocytes from the proband showed increased mRNA levels of sXBP‐1, BIP, and CHOP genes in the unfolded protein response pathway, and enhanced Bax mRNA and caspase‐3 activity, which might contribute to leukocytopenia. Conclusion Our findings broaden the variation spectrum of SLC37A4 and suggest no strict genotype–phenotype correlations in GSD‐Ib patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Duan
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yisha Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan, Central South University, Changsha, China
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