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Nimer RM, Alfaqih MA, Shehabat ER, Mujammami M, Abdel Rahman AM. Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis for type 2 diabetes mellitus early diagnostic marker discovery using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS). Sci Rep 2023; 13:20880. [PMID: 38012280 PMCID: PMC10682489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) therapy requires early diagnosis and complication avoidance. Unfortunately, current diagnostic markers do not meet these needs. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) offers a solution for clinical diagnosis, providing reliable and precise sample quantification. This study utilized DIA-MS to investigate proteomic differential expression in the serum of recently diagnosed T2DM patients. The study conducted a comparative protein expression analysis between healthy and recently diagnosed T2DM groups (discovery cohort). A candidate protein was then validated using enzyme-linked immune assay (ELISA) on serum samples collected from T2DM patients (n = 87) and healthy control (n = 60) (validation cohort). A total of 1074 proteins were identified, and 90 were significantly dysregulated between the two groups, including 32 newly associated with T2DM. Among these proteins, the expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A6 (S100A6) was validated by ELISA. It showed a significant increase in T2DM samples compared to the control group. It was evaluated as a biomarker using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, consistent with the DIA-MS results. Novel proteins are reported to be involved in the development and progression of T2DM. Further studies are required to investigate the differential expression of candidate marker proteins in a larger population of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat M Nimer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Eman R Shehabat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Mujammami
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, 12372, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada
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Giha HA, Abdulwahab RA, Abbas J, Shinwari Z, Alaiya A. Sex-Biased Expression of Genes Allocated in the Autosomal Chromosomes: Blood LC-MS/MS Protein Profiling in Healthy Subjects. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:8822205. [PMID: 36941947 PMCID: PMC10024626 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8822205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex and gender have a large impact in human health and disease prediction. According to genomic/genetics, men differ from women by a limited number of genes in Y chromosome, while the phenotypes of the 2 sexes differ markedly. Methods In this study, serum samples from six healthy Bahraini men and women were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics databases and tools were used for protein/peptide (PPs) identification and gene localization. The PPs that differed significantly (p < 0.05, ANOVA) in abundance with a fold change (FC) of ≥1.5 were identified. Results Revealed 20 PPs, 11 were upregulated in women with very high FC (up to 8 folds), and 9 were upregulated in men but with much lower FC. The PPs are encoded by genes located in autosomal chromosomes, indicative of sex-biased gene expression. The only PP related to sex, the sex hormone-binding globulin, was upregulated in women. The remaining PPs were involved in immunity, lipid metabolism, gene expression, connective tissue, and others, with some overlap in function. Conclusions The upregulated PPs in men or women are mostly reflecting the functon or risk/protection provided by the PPs to the specific sex, e.g., Apo-B100 of LDLC. Finally, the basis of sex-biased gene expression and sex phenotypic differences needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A. Giha
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- 2Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rabab A. Abdulwahab
- 3Integrated Sciences Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama 32038, Bahrain
- 4Al Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Jaafar Abbas
- 5Arad Health Center, Muharraq, Bahrain and Gulf Medical and Diabetes Center, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- 6Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- 6Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Giha HA, Alamin OAO, Sater MS. Diabetic sarcopenia: metabolic and molecular appraisal. Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:989-1000. [PMID: 35429264 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-01883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myopathy is the missing slot from the routine clinical checkup for diabetic complications. Similarly, its pathophysiological, metabolic, and molecular bases are insufficiently explored. In this review, the above issues are highlighted with a focus on skeletal muscle atrophy (also described as diabetic sarcopenia), in contrast to the normal histological, physiological, and molecular features of the muscles. Literature search using published data from different online resources was used. Several diabetic myopathy etiological factors are discussed explicitly including; inflammation and immunological responses, with emphasis on TNFα and IL-6 overproduction, oxidative stress, neuropathy and vasculopathy, aging sarcopenia, antidiabetic drugs, and insulin resistance as a denominator. The pathophysiological hallmark of diabetic muscle atrophy is the decreased muscle proteins synthesis and increased degradation. The muscle protein degradation is conveyed by 4 systems; ubiquitin-proteasome, lysosomal autophagy, caspase-3, and calpain systems, and is mostly mediated via the IL6/STAT, TNF&IL6/NFκB, myostatin/Smad2/3, and FOXO1/3 signaling pathways, while the protein synthesis inhibition is mediated via suppression of the IGF1-PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and SC-Gαi2-pathways. Moreover, the satellite cells and multilineage muscle mesenchymal progenitor cells differentiation plays a major role on the fate of the affected muscle cells by taking an adipogenic, fibrogenic, or connective tissue lineage. As a conclusion, in this article, the pathological features of diabetic sarcopenia are reviewed at gross level, while at a molecular level the normal protein turnover, signal transduction, and pathways involved in muscle atrophy are described. Finally, an integrated network describing the molecular partakers in diabetic sarcopenia is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Giha
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Osman A O Alamin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Alneelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Interventional Cardiology, Ahmad Gasim Cardiac Centre, Ahmad Gasim Hospital, Khartoum North, Sudan
- Internal Medicine Council, Sudan Medical Specialization Board (S.M.S.B), Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mai S Sater
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Knuutinen O, Pyle A, Suo-Palosaari M, Duff J, Froukh T, Lehesjoki AE, Kangas SM, Cassidy J, Maraqa L, Keski-Filppula R, Kokkonen H, Uusimaa J, Horvath R, Vieira P. Homozygous TAF1C variants are associated with a novel childhood-onset neurological phenotype. Clin Genet 2020; 98:493-498. [PMID: 32779182 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit C (TAF1C) is a component of selectivity factor 1 belonging to RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription machinery. We report two unrelated patients with homozygous TAF1C missense variants and an early onset neurological phenotype with severe global developmental delay. Clinical features included lack of speech and ambulation and epilepsy. MRI of the brain demonstrated widespread cerebral atrophy and frontal periventricular white matter hyperintensity. The phenotype resembled that of a previously described variant of UBTF, which encodes another transcription factor of Pol I. TAF1C variants were located in two conserved amino acid positions and were predicted to be deleterious. In patient-derived fibroblasts, TAF1C mRNA and protein expression levels were substantially reduced compared with healthy controls. We propose that the variants impairing TAF1C expression are likely pathogenic and relate to a novel neurological disease. This study expands the disease spectrum related to Pol I transcription machinery, associating the TAF1C missense variants with a severe neurological phenotype for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Knuutinen
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Angela Pyle
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Suo-Palosaari
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jennifer Duff
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tawfiq Froukh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Research Center and Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla M Kangas
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - James Cassidy
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannaleena Kokkonen
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Päivi Vieira
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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