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Bedi M, Das S, Das J, Mukherjee S, Basu A, Saha S, Ghosh A. Mitochondrial proteome analysis reveals that an augmented cytochrome c oxidase assembly and activity potentiates respiratory capacity in sarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 736:150501. [PMID: 39116681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an obligatory process in sarcoma. Despite that, the metabolic programming of sarcoma mitochondria is still unknown. To obtain a comprehensive metabolic insight of mitochondria, we developed a mouse fibrosarcoma model by injecting 3-methylcholanthrene and compared mitochondrial proteomes between sarcoma and its contralateral normal muscle using mass spectrometry. Our study identified ∼449 proteins listed in the SwissProt databases, and all the data sets are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD044903. In sarcoma, 49 mitochondrial proteins were found differentially expressed, including 36 proteins up-regulated and 13 proteins down-regulated, with the significance of p-value <0.05 and the log2[fold change] > 1 and < -1 as compared to normal muscle. Our data revealed that various anaplerotic reactions actively replenish the TCA cycle in sarcoma. The comparative expression profile and Western blotting analysis of OXPHOS subunits showed that complex-IV subunits, MT-CO3 and COX6A1, were significantly up-regulated in sarcoma vs. normal muscle. Further, biochemical and physiological assays confirmed enhanced complex-IV specific enzymatic and supercomplex activities with a concomitant increase of oxygen consumption rate in sarcoma mitochondria compared to normal muscle. Validation with human post-operative sarcoma tissues also confirms an increased MT-CO3 expression compared to normal tissue counterparts. Thus, our data comprehensively analyses the mitochondrial proteome and identifies augmented complex-IV assembly and activity in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Bedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Jagannath Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Soumyajit Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Abhimanyu Basu
- IPGME&R and SSKM Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Sudipto Saha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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The Potential of MicroRNAs as Non-Invasive Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: A Systematic Literature Review Based on a Machine Learning Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215418. [PMID: 36358836 PMCID: PMC9657574 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. Screening and diagnosis are based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing and digital rectal examination. Nevertheless, these methods are not specific and have a high risk of mistaken results. This has led to overtreatment and unnecessary radical therapy; thus, better prognostic tools are urgently needed. In this view, microRNAs (miRs) appear as potential non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. As the scientific literature available in this field is huge and very often controversial, we identified and discussed three topics that characterize the investigated research area by combining the big data from the literature together with a novel machine learning approach. By analyzing the papers clustered into these topics we have offered a deeper understanding of the current research, which helps to contribute to the advancement of this research field. Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Although the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used in clinical practice for screening and/or early detection of PCa, it is not specific, thus resulting in high false-positive rates. MicroRNAs (miRs) provide an opportunity as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of PCa. Because the size of the literature on it is increasing and often controversial, this study aims to consolidate the state-of-art of relevant published research. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was applied to analyze a set of 213 scientific publications through a text mining method that makes use of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm. Results and Conclusions: The result of this activity, performed through the MySLR digital platform, allowed us to identify a set of three relevant topics characterizing the investigated research area. We analyzed and discussed all the papers clustered into them. We highlighted that several miRs are associated with PCa progression, and that their detection in patients’ urine seems to be the more reliable and promising non-invasive tool for PCa diagnosis. Finally, we proposed some future research directions to help future scientists advance the field further.
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Porras-Quesada P, González-Cabezuelo JM, Sánchez-Conde V, Puche-Sanz I, Arenas-Rodríguez V, García-López C, Flores-Martín JF, Molina-Hernández JM, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Martínez-González LJ, Vázquez-Alonso F. Role of IGF2 in the Study of Development and Evolution of Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:740641. [PMID: 35095996 PMCID: PMC8790605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.740641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PC) is commonly known as one of the most frequent tumors among males. A significant problem of this tumor is that in early stages most of the cases course as indolent forms, so an active surveillance will anticipate the appearance of aggressive stages. One of the main strategies in medical and biomedical research is to find non-invasive biomarkers for improving monitoring and performing a more precise follow-up of diseases like PC. Here we report the relevant role of IGF2 and miR-93-5p as non-invasive biomarker for PC. This event could improve current medical strategies in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Porras-Quesada
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | | | - V Sánchez-Conde
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - I Puche-Sanz
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - V Arenas-Rodríguez
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - C García-López
- Pathological Anatomy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - M J Álvarez-Cubero
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs. GRANADA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L J Martínez-González
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - F Vázquez-Alonso
- Urology Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
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Zhang R, Wang W, Aimudula A, Lu S, Lu P, Aihaiti R, Bao Y. Quaking I-5 protein inhibits invasion and migration of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition suppression through the regulation of microRNA 200c. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3800-3814. [PMID: 34804823 PMCID: PMC8575590 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that quaking I-5 protein (QKI-5) plays crucial roles in the metastasis of various kinds of cancers. However, the function and mechanism of QKI-5 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) metastasis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanism of QKI-5 in the metastasis of KIRC. Methods The expression of QKI-5 was detected using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot in KIRC tissues and different cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the quantity of QKI-5 in primary and metastases of KIRC. Cell migration and invasion were measured using wound healing and transwell assays respectively. The quantity of epithelial mesenchymal transition marker proteins was detected using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The interaction of QKI-5 via microRNA 200c (miR-200c) was confirmed using dual luciferase reporter assay. Results Although QKI-5 was significantly more likely to be downregulated in KIRC tissues than that in normal Kidney tissues, it was dramatically elevated in metastatic KIRC tumors. Upregulation of QKI-5 promoted cell migration and invasion and elevated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins, including vimentin, snail and slug, while it was downregulated for E-cadherin. Furthermore, a dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that QKI-5 was a direct target of miR-200c, and that miR-200c could reverse the effect of QKI-5 on cell migration, invasion, and expression of EMT marker proteins. Conclusions Our results revealed that downregulation of QKI-5 by miR-200c attenuated KIRC migration and invasion via the EMT process, indicating that QKI-5 may be a potential therapeutic target and a key indicator of KIRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Zhang
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aimudula
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Songmei Lu
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Remila Aihaiti
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongxing Bao
- Cancer Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Yang L, Wu Z, Sun W, Luo P, Chen S, Chen Y, Yan W, Li Y, Wang C. CCNDBP1, a Prognostic Marker Regulated by DNA Methylation, Inhibits Aggressive Behavior in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma via Repressing Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687012. [PMID: 34631521 PMCID: PMC8493074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the prognostic value, function, and mechanism of CCNDBP1 in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to analyze the protein expression of CCNDBP1 in tissue specimens. After silencing CCNDBP1 in LPS853 and overexpressing CCNDBP1 in LPS510, CCK-8, clone formation, transwell migration, and invasion assays were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability. CCNDBP1-induced cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The altered expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The methylation, gene expression, and clinical data of 58 samples with DDL were analyzed using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. Low expression of CCNDBP1 was associated with a poor prognosis of patients with DDL and was considered an independent prognostic factor of the progression-free survival (PFS). CCNDBP1 significantly inhibited the clone formation, proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells in vitro and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. CCNDBP1 could repress the pathological EMT, thereby inhibiting the malignant behaviors of DDL cells. The high degree of DNA methylation sites cg05194114 and cg22184989 could decrease the expression of CCNDBP1 and worsen the prognosis of DDL patients. This is the first study reporting that CCNDBP1 is a tumor suppressor gene of DDL and putative prognostic marker in DDL patients. CCNDBP1 might inhibit the ability of cell proliferation and invasion by repressing pathological EMT, and the expression of CCNDBP1 could be regulated by DNA methylation in DDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingge Yang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Construction of Potential Gene Expression and Regulation Networks in Prostate Cancer Using Bioinformatics Tools. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8846951. [PMID: 34512870 PMCID: PMC8426106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8846951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To identify the key genes involved in prostate cancer and their regulatory network. Methods The dataset of mRNA/miRNA transcriptome sequencing was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas/the Gene Expression Omnibus database for analysis. The “edgeR” package in the R environment was used to normalize and analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). First, the PANTHER online tool was used to analyze the function enrichment of DEGs. Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape tools. Finally, miRNA-gene regulatory networks were constructed using the miRTarBase. Results We identified 4339 important DEGs, of which 2145 were upregulated (Up-DEGs) and 2194 were downregulated (Down-DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the Up-DEGs were related to the immune system and the cell cycle in prostate cancer, whereas the Down-DEGs were related to the nucleic acid metabolic process and metabolism pathways. Twelve core protein clusters were found in the PPI network. Further, the constructed miRNA-gene interaction network showed that 11 downregulated miRNAs regulated 16 Up-DEGs and 22 upregulated miRNAs regulated 22 Down-DEGs. Conclusion We identified 4339 genes and 70 miRNAs that may be involved in immune response, cell cycle, and other key pathways of the prostate cancer regulatory network. Genes such as BUB1B, ANX1A1, F5, HTR4, and MUC4 can be used as biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Anjaly K, Tiku AB. MicroRNA mediated therapeutic effects of natural agents in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5759-5773. [PMID: 34304390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several natural products, extensively studied for their anticancer activities, have been found to play an efficient role in preventing prostate cancer (PCa). Recently many natural agents have been reported to modulate microRNAs (miRNAs), that are involved in cancer cell growth. The microRNAs are endogenous small noncoding ribonucleic acid molecules that regulate various biological processes through an elegant mechanism of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Besides being involved in cancer initiation, progression, angiogenesis, inflammation, they have been reported to be responsible for chemoresistance, and radioresistance of tumors. The dysregulated miRNA expression has been associated with many cancers including PCa. Over the past several years, it has been found that natural agents are good regulators of miRNAs and have a role in PCa also. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs by natural agents could result in developing useful strategies to combat this deadly disease. METHODS In order to collect research articles, the PubMed search engine was used with keywords 'prostate cancer' and 'natural agents' and 2007 papers were retrieved, further refinement with keywords 'phytochemical' and 'prostate cancer' showed 503 papers. Data was collected from research articles, published from 2010 to 2021. From these, research articles showing miRNA-mediated mechanisms were selected. RESULTS In this review, we have summarized the information available on the modulation of miRNAs by natural agents, their derivatives, and various combinatorial strategies with chemo/radiation therapy for the mitigation of PCa. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current review of literature, it has been found that the use of natural agents is a novel approach for altering miRNA expression strongly associated with PCa development, recurrence and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Anjaly
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A B Tiku
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Pang J, Dai L, Zhang C, Zhang Q. MiR-373 Inhibits the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Prostatic Cancer via Targeting Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:6974225. [PMID: 34257854 PMCID: PMC8260310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6974225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic cancer (PCa) is a prevalent form of malignancy based on its high associated levels of mortality and morbidity across the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are significant in the advancement of prostatic cancer. The current study is aimed at exploring the potential roles of miR-373 in PCa. In turn, the study conducted a qRT-PCR test to determine the levels of mRNA. A western blot test was also executed in determining the protein level. The processes of transwell assay and wound healing were integrated in the detection of the potential for PCa cells to invade and migrate. The integration of dual luciferase reporter assay is critical in determining the levels of luciferase activity among prostatic cancer cells. Then, the results showed a net decrease of miR-373 within prostatic cancer cells and tissues. Upregulated miR-373 reduced the invasion and migration potential of PCa cells. Moreover, overexpressed miR-373 increased the levels of E-cadherin and FSP1 as epithelial cell markers. Similarly, the overregulation of miR-373 brought about the upregulation of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, Snail, and vimentin). The study predicted runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) to be a target of miR-373. The luciferase activity of PCa cells was decreased after the cotransfection with miR-373 mimics and RUNX2 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) wild type (WT). Moreover, RUNX2 became upregulated in PCa cells and tissues. The upregulation of miR-373 decreased the mRNA and protein level of RUNX2. However, overexpressed RUNX2 abated the roles of miR-373 in the intrusion and migration of PCa cells and in regulating the expression of epithelial cell markers and mesenchymal markers. In short, miR-373 may regulate the EMT of PCa cells via targeting RUNX2. The miR-373/RUNX2 axis provides a therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Pang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, China
| | - Limei Dai
- Department of Dermatology and STD, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, China
| | - Qinglei Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Tengzhou Central People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, China
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Hussen BM, Shoorei H, Mohaqiq M, Dinger ME, Hidayat HJ, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. The Impact of Non-coding RNAs in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:665199. [PMID: 33842553 PMCID: PMC8033041 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.665199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a course of action that enables a polarized epithelial cell to undertake numerous biochemical alterations that allow it to adopt features of mesenchymal cells such as high migratory ability, invasive properties, resistance to apoptosis, and importantly higher-order formation of extracellular matrix elements. EMT has important roles in implantation and gastrulation of the embryo, inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, and transformation of cancer cells, their invasiveness and metastatic ability. Regarding the importance of EMT in the invasive progression of cancer, this process has been well studies in in this context. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to exert critical function in the regulation of cellular processes that are involved in the EMT. These processes include regulation of some transcription factors namely SNAI1 and SNAI2, ZEB1 and ZEB2, Twist, and E12/E47, modulation of chromatin configuration, alternative splicing, and protein stability and subcellular location of proteins. In the present paper, we describe the influence of ncRNAs including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the EMT process and their application as biomarkers for this process and cancer progression and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mohaqiq
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Marcel E. Dinger
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Altschuler J, Stockert JA, Kyprianou N. Non-Coding RNAs Set a New Phenotypic Frontier in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042100. [PMID: 33672595 PMCID: PMC7924036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality remains a significant public health problem, as advanced disease has poor survivability due to the development of resistance in response to both standard and novel therapeutic interventions. Therapeutic resistance is a multifaceted problem involving the interplay of a number of biological mechanisms including genetic, signaling, and phenotypic alterations, compounded by the contributions of a tumor microenvironment that supports tumor growth, invasiveness, and metastasis. The androgen receptor (AR) is a primary regulator of prostate cell growth, response and maintenance, and the target of most standard PCa therapies designed to inhibit AR from interacting with androgens, its native ligands. As such, AR remains the main driver of therapeutic response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), in combination with microtubule-targeting taxane chemotherapy, offers survival benefits in patients with mCRPC, therapeutic resistance invariably develops, leading to lethal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance is critical to improving therapeutic outcomes and also to the development of biomarker signatures of predictive value. The interconversions between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) navigate the prostate tumor therapeutic response, and provide a novel targeting platform in overcoming therapeutic resistance. Both microRNA (miRNA)- and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated mechanisms have been associated with epigenetic changes in prostate cancer. This review discusses the current evidence-based knowledge of the role of the phenotypic transitions and novel molecular determinants (non-coding RNAs) as contributors to the emergence of therapeutic resistance and metastasis and their integrated predictive value in prostate cancer progression to advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Altschuler
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Jennifer A. Stockert
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.A.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence:
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Subbalakshmi AR, Sahoo S, Biswas K, Jolly MK. A Computational Systems Biology Approach Identifies SLUG as a Mediator of Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:689-702. [PMID: 33567424 DOI: 10.1159/000512520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity comprises reversible transitions among epithelial, hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) and mesenchymal phenotypes, and underlies various aspects of aggressive tumor progression such as metastasis, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. The process of cells attaining one or more hybrid E/M phenotypes is termed as partial epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cells in hybrid E/M phenotype(s) can be more aggressive than those in either fully epithelial or mesenchymal state. Thus, identifying regulators of hybrid E/M phenotypes is essential to decipher the rheostats of phenotypic plasticity and consequent accelerators of metastasis. Here, using a computational systems biology approach, we demonstrate that SLUG (SNAIL2) - an EMT-inducing transcription factor - can inhibit cells from undergoing a complete EMT and thus stabilize them in hybrid E/M phenotype(s). It expands the parametric range enabling the existence of a hybrid E/M phenotype, thereby behaving as a phenotypic stability factor. Our simulations suggest that this specific property of SLUG emerges from the topology of the regulatory network it forms with other key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. Clinical data suggest that SLUG associates with worse patient prognosis across multiple carcinomas. Together, our results indicate that SLUG can stabilize hybrid E/M phenotype(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalur R Subbalakshmi
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Kuheli Biswas
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
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MicroRNAs and Their Influence on the ZEB Family: Mechanistic Aspects and Therapeutic Applications in Cancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071040. [PMID: 32664703 PMCID: PMC7407563 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signaling pathways involved in cancer have been intensively studied due to their crucial role in cancer cell growth and dissemination. Among them, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 (ZEB1) and -2 (ZEB2) are molecules that play vital roles in signaling pathways to ensure the survival of tumor cells, particularly through enhancing cell proliferation, promoting cell migration and invasion, and triggering drug resistance. Importantly, ZEB proteins are regulated by microRNAs (miRs). In this review, we demonstrate the impact that miRs have on cancer therapy, through their targeting of ZEB proteins. MiRs are able to act as onco-suppressor factors and inhibit the malignancy of tumor cells through ZEB1/2 down-regulation. This can lead to an inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism, therefore reducing metastasis. Additionally, miRs are able to inhibit ZEB1/2-mediated drug resistance and immunosuppression. Additionally, we explore the upstream modulators of miRs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), as these regulators can influence the inhibitory effect of miRs on ZEB proteins and cancer progression.
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