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AL-Eitan L, Abu Kharmah H, Alghamdi M. SNP analysis of stress-related genes reveals significant correlations with drug addiction in Jordan. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102171. [PMID: 39318639 PMCID: PMC11419807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Drug addiction is a complex disorder caused by multiple factors, including environmental and genetic factors. Stress-related genes such as Galanin (GAL) and Oxytocin (OXT) have been linked to the reward pathways that contribute to the development and progression of substance addiction. This study aimed to explore the correlation between several polymorphisms of stress-related genes and drug addiction among Jordanian males. Methods The study included 500 participants, consisting of both healthy controls and drug-addicted Jordanian males. The genetic material and clinical data were collected, and 18 SNPs in four candidate genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 and the SNPStats website. Results The study identified a significant correlation between three SNPs of the GAL gene and drug addiction, specifically rs3136544, rs3136541, and rs694066. The study also found that different genotypes of these variants were significantly associated with drug addiction. Furthermore, different haplotypes of the GAL, GALR1, and OXTR polymorphisms were also significantly correlated with drug addiction. The study also identified a correlation between several drug addiction features and the studied variants, including the association of rs2717162 of Galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) with age at use onset and the association of rs3136541 of GAL with the type of substance and number of substances used. Conclusion Stress-related genes can play a significant role in the development and progression of addiction among the Jordanian population, and further investigations are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms better and improve future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith AL-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hana Abu Kharmah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mansour Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Eitan L, Shatnawi M, Alghamdi M. Investigating CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 variants in the genetic landscape of substance use disorder in Jordan. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:436. [PMID: 38862938 PMCID: PMC11167846 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) is a complex illness that can be attributed to the interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The nicotinic receptor gene cluster on chromosome 15 has a plausible association with SUD, particularly with nicotine dependence. METHODS This study investigated 15 SNPs within the CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 genes. Sequencing was used for genotyping 495 Jordanian males with SUD and 497 controls matched for age, gender, and descent. RESULTS Our findings revealed that none of the tested alleles or genotypes were correlated with SUD. However, our analysis suggests that the route of substance use was linked to rs1051730 (P value = 0.04), rs8040868 (P value = 0.01) of CHRNA3, and rs16969968 (P value = 0.03) of CHRNA5. Additionally, a correlation was identified between rs3813567 of the CHRNB4 gene and the age at substance use onset (P value = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Variants in CHRNA5, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 may interact with SUD features that can influence the development and progression of the disorder among Jordanians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mohammad Shatnawi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mansour Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
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Guo L, Zhang W, Meng W, Zhao W, Hao J, Hu X, Jin T. Very important pharmacogenes polymorphism landscape and potential clinical relevance in the Chinese Mongolian. Gene 2023; 850:146960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Adler G, Uzar I, Valjevac A, Kiseljakovic E, Mahmutbegovic E, Salkic NN, Adler MA, Mahmutbegovic N. Genetic Diversity of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Variants in East-Central and South European Populations. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:210-215. [PMID: 35815612 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP3A5 enzyme encoded by CYP3A5 is important for drug metabolism in gut and liver, whereas P-glycoprotein by ABCB1, is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump which exports endo- and exogenous substances outside the cell. Aim: The study was to assess the prevalence of CYP3A5 alleles: *1, *2, *3, *4, *6 and *7, and C and T of ABCB1 in Poles, Belarusians and Bosnians and to compare it with the data reported from other European populations. Subjects and methods: Overall, 511 unrelated healthy subjects from Poland (n = 239), Belarus (n = 104) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 168) were included in this study. Allele frequencies and statistical parameters (AMOVA version 2.9.3) were determined. Results: In Poles, Belarusians and Bosnians the *3 allele of CYP3A5 was the most common, and wild-type allele *1, were: 5.8%, 1.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Allele *2 was very rare, and alleles *4, *6 and *7 were not detected. For the populations mentioned above, the ABCB1 allele C was: 48.1%, 51.4%, 52.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION In compared populations, the distribution of CYP3A5 variants but not ABCB1, differed significantly. Alleles *4, *6 and *7 of CYP3A5 did not occur or occurred rarely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Adler
- Department of Studies in Antropogenetics and Biogerontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Izabela Uzar
- Department of General Pharmacology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Amina Valjevac
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emina Kiseljakovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Mahmutbegovic
- Institution of Health Protection of Women and Motherhood Canton Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nermin N Salkic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Nevena Mahmutbegovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Identification of pharmacogenetic variants from large scale next generation sequencing data in the Saudi population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263137. [PMID: 35089958 PMCID: PMC8797234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that drug responses are related to Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) characteristics of individual patients. Several studies have identified genetic variability in pharmacogenes, that are either directly responsible for or are associated with ADME, giving rise to individualized treatments. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of pharmacogenetic variation in the Saudi population. We mined next generation sequencing (NGS) data from 11,889 unrelated Saudi nationals, to determine the presence and frequencies of known functional SNP variants in 8 clinically relevant pharmacogenes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A5, CYP4F2, VKORC1, DPYD, TPMT and NUDT15), recommended by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC), and collectively identified 82 such star alleles. Functionally significant pharmacogenetic variants were prevalent especially in CYP genes (excluding CYP3A5), with 10-44.4% of variants predicted to be inactive or to have decreased activity. In CYP3A5, inactive alleles (87.5%) were the most common. Only 1.8%, 0.7% and 0.7% of NUDT15, TPMT and DPYD variants respectively, were predicted to affect gene activity. In contrast, VKORC1 was found functionally, to be highly polymorphic with 53.7% of Saudi individuals harboring variants predicted to result in decreased activity and 31.3% having variants leading to increased metabolic activity. Furthermore, among the 8 pharmacogenes studied, we detected six rare variants with an aggregated frequency of 1.1%, that among several other ethnicities, were uniquely found in Saudi population. Similarly, within our cohort, the 8 pharmacogenes yielded forty-six novel variants predicted to be deleterious. Based upon our findings, 99.2% of individuals from the Saudi population carry at least one actionable pharmacogenetic variant.
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Wang T, Zhou Y, Cao G. Pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen therapy in Asian populations: from genetic polymorphism to clinical outcomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:1095-1111. [PMID: 33515076 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with western countries, Asian breast cancer patients have unique pathological and biological characteristics. Most of them are premenopausal women with HR positive. Tamoxifen as the first-line drug for premenopausal women with HR+ is involved in multiple enzymes and transporters during metabolizing and transporting process. Variants that cause decreased or inactive gene products leading to abnormal responses in tamoxifen therapy have well been studied in western countries, whereas such information is much less reported in Asian populations. OBJECTIVE In order to elucidate the relationship between genetic variants and tamoxifen-induced individual drug reactions in different Asian populations and further identify genotypes/phenotypes with potential therapeutic significance. METHODS We reviewed the frequencies of genetic variants in major enzymes and transporter genes involved in the metabolism and transport of tamoxifen across Asian populations as well as significant correlations between genotypes/metabolic phenotypes and metabolites concentrations or BC clinical outcomes. RESULTS Significant inter-ethnic differences in allele frequencies was found among Asian populations, such as CYP2D6*4, *10, *41, CYP2C9*2, ABCB1 C3435T and SLCO1B1*5, and CYP2D6*10/*10 is the most common genotype correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. Moreover, we summarized the barriers and controversies of implementing pharmacogenetics in tamoxifen therapy and concluded that more population-specific pharmacogenetic studies are needed in the future. CONCLUSION This review revealed more systematic pharmacogenomics of genes involved in the metabolism and transport besides CYP2D6, are required to optimize the genotyping strategies and guide the personalized tamoxifen therapy in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guosheng Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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AL-Eitan LN, Al-Maqableh HW, Mohammad NN, Khair Hakooz NM, Dajani RB. Genetic Analysis of Pharmacogenomic VIP Variants of ABCB1, VDR and TPMT Genes in an Ethnically Isolated Population from the North Caucasus Living in Jordan. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:307-317. [DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200505081139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Differences in individual responses to the same medications remarkably differ among
populations. A number of genes that play integral roles in drug responses have been designated as very important
pharmacogenes (VIP), as they are responsible for differences in drug safety, efficacy, and adverse drug reactions
among certain ethnic groups. Identifying the polymorphic distribution of VIP in a range of ethnic groups will be
conducive to population-based personalized medicine.
Objective:
The aim of the current study is to identify the polymorphic distribution of VIP regarding the Chechen
minority group from Jordan and compare their allele frequencies with other populations.
Methods:
A total of 131 unrelated Chechen individuals from Jordan were randomly recruited for blood collection.
Identification of allelic and genotypic frequencies of eleven VIP variants within the genes of interest (ABCB1, VDR
and TPMT) was carried out by means of the MassARRAY®System (iPLEX GOLD).
Results:
Within ABCB1, we found that the minor allele frequencies of the rs1128503 (A: 0.43), rs2032582 (A: 0.43),
rs1045642 (A: 0.43). For VDR, the minor allele frequencies of rs11568820 (T: 0.18), rs1540339 (T: 0.30), rs1544410
(T: 0.41), rs2228570 (T: 0.24), rs3782905 (C: 0.28) and rs7975232 (C: 0.45). Finally, the minor allele frequencies for
the TPMT rs1142345 and rs1800460 polymorphisms were found to be (C: 0.02) and (T: 0.01), respectively.
Conclusion:
Significant differences in allelic frequencies of eleven ABCB1, VDR and TPMT VIP variants were
found between Jordanian Chechens and other populations. In our study, most populations that are similar to
Chechens are those from South Asian, European (Finnish) and European, including: Utah residents with Northern
and Western European ancestry, Toscani in Italia, Mexican ancestry in Los Angeles and Circassian from Jordan. The
level of similarity between Chechens and those populations means that they might have shared high levels of gene
flow in the past. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the worldwide pharmacogenomic databases and
provide valuable information for future studies and better individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Naser AL-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | | | - Namarg Nawwaf Mohammad
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nancy Mohamed Khair Hakooz
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rana Basem Dajani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
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