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Pordel S, Khorrami M, Saadatpour F, Rezaee D, Cho WC, Jahani S, Aghaei-Zarch SM, Hashemi E, Najafi S. The role of microRNA-185 in the pathogenesis of human diseases: A focus on cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154729. [PMID: 37639952 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a widely-studied class of non-coding RNAs characterized by their short length (18-25 nucleotides). The precise functions of miRNAs are not well-elucidated; however, an increasing number of studies suggest their involvement in various physiologic processes and deregulation in pathologic conditions. miRNA-185 (miR-185) is among the mostly-studied miRNAs in human diseases, which is found to play putative roles in conditions like metabolic disorders, asthma, frailty, schizophrenia, and hepatitis. Notably, many cancer studies report the downregulation of miR-185 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and plasma specimens of patients, while it demonstrates a suppressing role on the malignant properties of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, miR-185 can be considered a tumor suppressor miRNA in human malignancies, while a few studies also report inconsistent findings. Being suggested as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker, mi-185 is also found to offer clinical potentials, particularly for early diagnosis and prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we have outlined the studies that have evaluated the functions and clinical significance of miR-185 in different human diseases with a particular focus on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Pordel
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Motahare Khorrami
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Hashemi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Role of miRNA-145, 148, and 185 and Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031626. [PMID: 35163550 PMCID: PMC8835890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that play a role in cancer linked to the regulation of important cellular processes and pathways involving tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. A lot of human miRNA sequences have been identified which are linked to cancer pathogenesis. MicroRNAs, in prostate cancer (PC), play a relevant role as biomarkers, show a specific profile, and have been used as therapeutic targets. Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Clinical diagnoses among the gold standards for PC diagnosis and monitoring are prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, digital rectal examination, and prostate needle biopsies. PSA screening still has a large grey area of patients, which leads to overdiagnosis. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to improve existing diagnostic tools. The miRNA expression profiles from tumour versus normal tissues are helpful and exhibit significant differences not only between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, but also between different cancer types and subtypes. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs-145, 148, and 185 and their correlation with stem cells in prostate cancer pathogenesis. MiR-145, by modulating multiple oncogenes, regulates different cellular processes in PC, which are involved in the transition from localised to metastatic disease. MiR-148 is downregulated in high-grade tumours, suggesting that the miR-148-3 family might act as tumour suppressors in PC as a potential biomarker for detecting this disease. MiR-185 regulation is still unclear in being able to regulate tumour processes in PC. Nevertheless, other authors confirm the role of this miRNA as a tumour suppressor, suggesting its potential use as a suitable biomarker in disease prognosis. These three miRNAs are all involved in the regulation of prostate cancer stem cell behaviour (PCSCs). Within this contest, PCSCs are often involved in the onset of chemo-resistance in PC, therefore strategies for targeting this subset of cells are strongly required to control the disease. Hence, the relationship between these two players is interesting and important in prostate cancer pathogenesis and in PCSC stemness regulation, in the attempt to pave the way for novel therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
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Epi-miRNAs: Regulators of the Histone Modification Machinery in Human Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4889807. [PMID: 35087589 PMCID: PMC8789461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4889807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Epigenetic deregulation is one of the most critical mechanisms in carcinogenesis and can be classified into effects on DNA methylation and histone modification. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs involved in fine-tuning their target genes after transcription. Various microRNAs control the expression of histone modifiers and are involved in a variety of cancers. Therefore, overexpression or downregulation of microRNAs can alter cell fate and cause malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of microRNAs in regulating the histone modification machinery in various cancers, with a focus on the histone-modifying enzymes such as acetylases, deacetylases, methyltransferases, demethylases, kinases, phosphatases, desumoylases, ubiquitinases, and deubiquitinases. Understanding of microRNA-related aberrations underlying histone modifiers in pathogenesis of different cancers can help identify novel therapeutic targets or early detection approaches that allow better management of patients or monitoring of treatment response.
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Prognostic value of miR-21 for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 42:230521. [PMID: 34931228 PMCID: PMC8753345 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of miR-21 expression are associated with many cancers, suggesting it may be a promising clinical biomarker. In prostate cancer (PCa), however, there is still no consensus about the usefulness of miR-21 as an indicator of disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the value of miR-21 expression as a prognostic measurement in PCa patients. Medline (Ovid), EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant publications between 2010 to 2021. Studies exploring the relationship between miR-21 expression, PCa prognosis and clinicopathological factors were selected for review. Those reporting hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were subject to meta-analyses. Fixed-effect models were employed to calculated pooled HRs and 95% CIs. Risk of bias in each study was assessed using QUIPS tool. Certainty of evidence in each meta-analysis was assessed using GRADE guidelines. A total of 64 studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 11 were eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that high miR-21 expression was associated with poor prognosis: HR = 1.58 (95% CI = 1.19–2.09) for biochemical recurrence, MODERATE certainty; HR = 1.46 (95% CI = 1.06–2.01) for death, VERY LOW certainty; and HR = 1.26 (95% CI = 0.70–2.27) for disease progression, VERY LOW certainty. Qualitative summary revealed elevated miR-21 expression was significantly positively associated with PCa stage, Gleason score and risk groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that elevated levels of miR-21 are associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. miR-21 expression may therefore be a useful prognostic biomarker in this disease.
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Soremekun O, Ezenwa C, Paimo O, Madu C, Omotoso O, Akinifesi O, Ntuenibok N. Integrative analysis of microRNA expression level profile identifies microRNAs associated with prostate cancer. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang JH, Zeng Z, Sun J, Chen Y, Gao X. A novel small-molecule antagonist enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to cabozantinib in vitro and in vivo by targeting DNMT-1 correlated with disease severity in human patients. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105869. [PMID: 34481973 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced osteosarcoma (OSA) is highly aggressive and can lead to distant metastasis or recurrence. Here, a novel small-molecule inhibitor/antagonist of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT-1) named DI-1 (inhibitor of DNMT-1) was explored to enhance the antitumor effect of a molecular-targeted agent, cabozantinib, on OSA cell lines. In patients with OSA, expression of DNMT-1 was negatively related with that of microRNA (miR)-34a and associated with a poor prognosis. In OSA cell lines (OSA cell line U2OS and an OSA cell line U2OSR resistance to cabozantinib), DI-1 treatment enhanced miR-34a expression by inhibiting hypermethylation of the promoter region of miR-34a mediated by DNMT-1. DI-1 enhanced the sensitivity of OSA cells (U2OS, 143B and MG63) to cabozantinib and other molecular-targeted agents by enhancing miR-34a expression and repressing activation of the Notch pathway. Mechanistically, DI-1 repressed recruitment of DNMT-1 to the promoter region of miR-34a and, in turn, decreased the methylation rate in the promoter region of miR-34a in OSA cells. These results suggest that repressing DNMT-1 activation by DI-1 enhances miR-34a expression in OSA cells and could be a promising therapeutic strategy for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Xudong Gao
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China.
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7
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Gurbuz V, Sozen S, Bilen CY, Konac E. miR-148a, miR-152 and miR-200b promote prostate cancer metastasis by targeting DNMT1 and PTEN expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:805. [PMID: 34630712 PMCID: PMC8488332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate the expression of target genes in the signal pathway on transcriptome level. The present study investigated the ‘epigenetic-based miRNA (epi-miRNA)-mRNA’ regulatory network of miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-148a, miR-152, miR-200a and miR-200b epi-miRNAs and their target genes, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, 3a and 3b), phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) and NK3 Homeobox 1 (NKX3.1), in prostate cancer (PCa) using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The expression level of NKX3.1 were not significantly different between the PCa, Met-PCa and control groups. However, in the PCa and Met-PCa groups, the expression level of DNMT1 was upregulated, while DNMT3a, DNMT3b and PTEN were downregulated. Overexpression of DNMT1 (~5 and ~6-fold increase in the PCa and Met-PCa groups respectively) was accompanied by a decreased expression in PTEN, indicating a potential negative association. Both groups indicated that a high level of DNMT1 is associated with the aggressiveness of cancer, and there is a a directly proportional relationship between this gene and PSA, GS and TNM staging. A significant ~2 to ~5-fold decrease in the expression levels of DNMT3a and DNMT3b was found in both groups. In the PCa group, significant associations were identified between miR-34b and DNMT1/DNMT3b; between miR-34c/miR-148a and all target genes; between miR-152 and DNMT1/DNMT3b and PTEN; and between miR-200a/b and DNMT1. In the Met-PCa group, miR-148a, miR-152 and miR-200b exhibited a significant association with all target genes. A significant negative association was identified between PTEN and DNMT1 in the Met-PCa group. It was also revealed that that miR-148a, miR-152 and miR-200b increased the expression of DNMT1 and suppressed PTEN. Furthermore, the ‘epi-miRNA-mRNA’ bidirectional feedback loop was emphasised and the methylation pattern in PCa anti-cancer therapeutics was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venhar Gurbuz
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Sinan Sozen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
| | - Cenk Y Bilen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Ece Konac
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara 06510, Turkey
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8
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Corrao G, Zaffaroni M, Bergamaschi L, Augugliaro M, Volpe S, Pepa M, Bonizzi G, Pece S, Amodio N, Mistretta FA, Luzzago S, Musi G, Alessi S, La Fauci FM, Tordonato C, Tosoni D, Cattani F, Gandini S, Petralia G, Pravettoni G, De Cobelli O, Viale G, Orecchia R, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Exploring miRNA Signature and Other Potential Biomarkers for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Characterization: The Biological Challenge behind Clinical Practice. A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133278. [PMID: 34208918 PMCID: PMC8267686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The oligometastatic prostate cancer state is defined as the presence of a number of lesions ≤ 5 and has been significantly correlated with better survival if compared to a number of metastases > 5. In particular, patients in an oligometastatic setting could benefit from a metastates directed therapy, which could control the disease delaying the start of systemic therapies. For this reason, the selection of true-oligometastatic patients who could benefit from such approach is particularly important in this setting. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the liquid biopsy-derived analytes and their reliability as biomarkers in the clinics for the identification of true-oligometastatic patients. This kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology allowing patients’ stratification and leading to more refined therapeutic strategies. Abstract In recent years, a growing interest has been directed towards oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), as patients with three to five metastatic lesions have shown a significantly better survival as compared with those harboring a higher number of lesions. The efficacy of local ablative treatments directed on metastatic lesions (metastases-directed treatments) was extensively investigated, with the aim of preventing further disease progression and delaying the start of systemic androgen deprivation therapies. Definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer is traditionally based on histopathological analysis. Nevertheless, a bioptic sample—static in nature—inevitably fails to reflect the dynamics of the tumor and its biological response due to the dynamic selective pressure of cancer therapies, which can profoundly influence spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Furthermore, even with new imaging technologies allowing an increasingly early detection, the diagnosis of oligometastasis is currently based exclusively on radiological investigations. Given these premises, the development of minimally-invasive liquid biopsies was recently promoted and implemented as predictive biomarkers both for clinical decision-making at pre-treatment (baseline assessment) and for monitoring treatment response during the clinical course of the disease. Through liquid biopsy, different biomarkers, commonly extracted from blood, urine or saliva, can be characterized and implemented in clinical routine to select targeted therapies and assess treatment response. Moreover, this approach has the potential to act as a tissue substitute and to accelerate the identification of novel and consistent predictive analytes cost-efficiently. However, the utility of tumor profiling is currently limited in OMPC due to the lack of clinically validated predictive biomarkers. In this scenario, different ongoing trials, such as the RADIOSA trial, might provide additional insights into the biology of the oligometastatic state and on the identification of novel biomarkers for the outlining of true oligometastatic patients, paving the way towards a wider ideal approach of personalized medicine. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the solidity of liquid biopsy-related analytes such as CTCs, cfDNA, miRNA and epi-miRNA, and to provide a benchmark for their further clinical implementation. Arguably, this kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology and lead to more refined therapeutic strategies in this subset of oligometastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Pepa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Alessi
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maria La Fauci
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Cattani
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Direction, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
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9
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Abramovic I, Vrhovec B, Skara L, Vrtaric A, Nikolac Gabaj N, Kulis T, Stimac G, Ljiljak D, Ruzic B, Kastelan Z, Kruslin B, Bulic-Jakus F, Ulamec M, Katusic-Bojanac A, Sincic N. MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092068. [PMID: 33922968 PMCID: PMC8123314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent neoplasia among men worldwide but is commonly “mimicked” by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Their discrimination by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is often uncertain, resulting in lengthy diagnostic protocols and recurrent tissue biopsies. The development of more appropriate biomarkers, possibly present in liquid biopsy, would significantly improve PCa and BPH patient management. To address this challenge, in this study miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-148a-3p were analyzed by ddPCR in blood plasma and seminal plasma of patients with PCa and BPH prior to tissue biopsy. Among other findings, miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p were found to have statistically significantly higher expression in PCa patients compared to BPH in blood, with a combined specificity of 90.2% to predict positive or negative biopsy results. The data presented emphasize the great potential of miRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for PCa. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm among men. Since it often resembles benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), biomarkers with a higher differential value than PSA are required. Epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsies, especially miRNA, could address this challenge. The absolute expression of miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-148a-3p were quantified in blood plasma and seminal plasma of 65 PCa and 58 BPH patients by digital droplet PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of these microRNAs were determined using ROC curve analysis. The higher expression of miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in the blood plasma of PCa patients was statistically significant as compared to BPH (p = 0.0363 and 0.0226, respectively). Their combination achieved a specificity of 90.2% for predicting positive or negative biopsy results, while PSA cut-off of 4 µg/L performed with only 1.7% specificity. In seminal plasma, miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-21-5p showed a statistically significantly higher expression in PCa patients with PSA >10 µg/L compared to ones with PSA ≤10 µg/L. MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in blood plasma show higher performance than PSA in discriminating PCa from BPH. Seminal plasma requires further investigation as it represents an obvious source for PCa biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Borna Vrhovec
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Skara
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Stimac
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dejan Ljiljak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Boris Ruzic
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zeljko Kastelan
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bozo Kruslin
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic-Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-145-66-806
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Gregorova J, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Sevcikova S. Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Clusters and Families during Tumor Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1333. [PMID: 33809566 PMCID: PMC8002357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression on a post-transcriptional level based on the seed sequence similarity. They are frequently clustered; thus, they are either simultaneously transcribed into a single polycistronic transcript or they may be transcribed independently. Importantly, microRNA families that contain the same seed region and thus target related signaling proteins, may be localized in one or more clusters, which are in a close relationship. MicroRNAs are involved in basic physiological processes, and their deregulation is associated with the origin of various pathologies, including solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Recently, the interplay between the expression of microRNA clusters and families and epigenetic machinery was described, indicating aberrant DNA methylation or histone modifications as major mechanisms responsible for microRNA deregulation during cancerogenesis. In this review, the most studied microRNA clusters and families affected by hyper- or hypomethylation as well as by histone modifications are presented with the focus on particular mechanisms. Finally, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA clusters and families is discussed together with technologies currently used for epigenetic-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gregorova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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