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Tang C, Qiao X, Jin Y, Yang W, Yu Z, Wang L, Song L. An LPS-induced TNF-α factor involved in immune response of oyster Crassostrea gigas by regulating haemocytes apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109513. [PMID: 38521141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
LPS induced TNF-α Factor (LITAF) is a transcription factor widely involving in activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and other cytokines in the inflammatory response. In the present study, a homologue of LITAF with a conserved LITAF domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The transcripts of CgLITAF were detected in all examined tissues with highest expression in hepatopancrease. The immunofluorescence assay and Western blot showed that LPS stimulation induced an obvious nucleus translocation of CgLITAF protein in haemocytes. While the mRNA level of CgLITAF changed slightly after LPS stimulation. When the siRNA of CgLITAF was injected to inhibit its expression, the apoptotic level of haemocytes decreased observably after LPS stimulation. Consistently, the transcripts of CgTNF3 and CgTNF4 (LOC105343080, LOC105341146), the apoptotic-related molecules including CgBax, CgCytochrome c, CgCaspase9 and CgCaspase3, were significantly suppressed in the CgLITAF-RNAi oysters. While the mRNA expression level of CgBcl was enhanced significantly in the CgLITAF-RNAi oysters. These results indicated that CgLITAF promoted haemocyte apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptotic-related factors, suggesting its important role in the immune response of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Chen K, Tian J, Shi Y, Xie T, Huang W, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Yan H, Wang J, Zou J. Distinct antiviral activities of IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109396. [PMID: 38244820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of secreted cytokines that play a crucial role in antiviral immunity. Type I IFNs display functional disparities. In teleosts, type I IFNs are categorized into two subgroups containing one or two pairs of disulfide bonds. However, their functional differences have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comparatively characterized the antiviral activities of zebrafish IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 belonging to the group I type I IFNs. It was found that ifnφ1 and ifnφ4 were differentially modulated during viral infection. Although both IFNφ1 and IFNφ4 activated JAK-STAT signaling pathway via CRFB1/CRFB5 receptor complex, IFNφ4 was less potent in inducing phosphorylation of STAT1a, STAT1b and STAT2 and the expression of antiviral genes than IFNφ1, thereby conferring weaker antiviral resistance of target cells. Taken together, our results provide insights into the functional divergence of type I IFNs in lower vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiayin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Teng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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Li WJ, Zhou WP, Li XY, Jiang XL, Deng YC, Shen J, Xie H, Tan G, Huang L, Zhang H. LITAF Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation by Stimulating the NF-κB Inflammatory Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1201-1205. [PMID: 37848750 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor (LITAF) protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein. This study aims to study the role of LITAF in the formation of atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 10 C57BL/6J mice and 10 C57BL/6J mice with knockout of LITAF gene (C57BL/6J-LITAF-) were divided into two groups: the control group and the LITAF-/- group. The animals were accommodated for 16 weeks and then euthanized with their hearts and aortas isolated thereafter. Next, the roots of the mouse aorta were cryosectioned and stained with Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemical staining (CD68, α-SMA, and Masson), respectively. The area of Oil Red O staining and the proportion of positive expression after immunohistochemical staining were then compared between the control and LITAF-/- groups. At the same time, the blood of mice was collected for the extraction of proteins and RNA. The proteins and RNA were used to detect the expression of major molecules of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway in mice in the control group and the LITAF-/- group by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS Oil Red O staining of the aortic root sections of the mice in each group revealed that the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the LITAF-/- group was substantially lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, immunohistochemical staining determined that the expression level of α-SMA and CD68 in the LITAF-/- group was significantly lower than that in the control group, whereas the results were reversed following Masson staining (P<0.05). The expression levels of P65 and caspase 3 were significantly lower in the LITAF-/- group than in the control group (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of IκB was higher in the LITAF-/- group. CONCLUSION LITAF might participate in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque through the NF-κB pathway and play a promoting role in the formation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Juan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Wen-Ping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xu-Yong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yun-Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
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Tran NT, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li S. SpTNF regulates apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide synthesis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108881. [PMID: 37279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is important in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the functions of TNF in the immune responses of invertebrates have been less studied. In this study, SpTNF was cloned and characterized from mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) for the first time. SpTNF contains an open reading frame of 354 bp encoding 117 deduced amino acids, with a conserved C-terminal TNF homology domain (THD) domain. RNAi knockdown of SpTNF reduced hemocyte apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. Expression of SpTNF was initially down-regulated but subsequently up-regulated after 48 h in hemocytes of mud crabs after WSSV infection. Results of RNAi knockdown and overexpression showed that SpTNF inhibits the WSSV infection through activating apoptosis, NF-κB pathway, and AMP synthesis. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (SpLITAF) can regulate the expression of SpTNF, induction of apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB pathway and AMP synthesis. The expression and nuclear translocation of SpLITAF were regulated by WSSV infection. SpLITAF knockdown increased the WSSV copy number and VP28 gene expression. Taken together, these results proved the protective function of SpTNF, which is regulated by SpLITAF, in the immune response of mud crabs against WSSV through the regulation of apoptosis and activation of AMP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Lianjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Sun Z, Gao Q, Wei Y, Zhou Z, Chen Y, Xu C, Gao J, Liu D. Activated P2X receptors can up-regulate the expressions of inflammation-related genes via NF-κB pathway in spotted sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181067. [PMID: 37215129 PMCID: PMC10193947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors, including seven subtypes, i.e., P2X1-7, are the ligand-gated ion channels activated by the extracellular ATP playing the critical roles in inflammation and immune response. Even though the immune functions of P2X receptors have been characterized extensively in mammals, their functions in fish remain largely unknown. In this study, four P2X receptor homologues were characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), which were named LmP2X2, LmP2X4, LmP2X5, and LmP2X7. Their tissue distributions and expression patterns were then investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Furthermore, their functions in regulating the expressions of inflammation-associated genes and possible signaling pathway were examined by qPCR and luciferase assay. The results showed that they share similar topological structures, conserved genomic organization, and gene synteny with their counterparts in other species previously investigated. And the four P2X receptors were expressed constitutively in the tested tissues. In addition, the expression of each of the four receptor genes was significantly induced by stimulation of Edwardsiella tarda and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in vivo. Also, in primary head kidney leukocytes of spotted sea bass, LmP2X2 and LmP2X5 were induced by using PAMPs and/or ATP. Notably, the expressions of CCL2, IL-8, and TNF-α recognized as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, and of the four apoptosis-related genes, i.e., caspase3, caspase6, caspase7, and P53, were differentially upregulated in the HEK 293T cells with over-expressed LmP2X2 and/or LmP2X7 following ATP stimulation. Also, the over-expression of LmP2X4 can upregulate the expressions of IL-8, caspase6, caspase7, and P53, and LmP2X5 upregulates of IL-8, TNF-α, caspase7, and P53. Then in the present study it was demonstrated that the activation of any one of the four receptors significantly upregulated the activity of NF-κB promoter, suggesting that the activated LmP2Xs may regulate the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, the four P2X receptors were identified firstly from fish species in Perciformes, and they participate in innate immune response of spotted sea bass possibly by regulating the expressions of the inflammation-related genes. Our study provides the new evidences for the P2X receptors' involvement in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youchuan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- SinoNorway Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota Joint Lab, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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An Integrated Analysis of Lactation-Related miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Donkey Mammary Glands. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091637. [PMID: 36140805 PMCID: PMC9498803 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Donkey milk is consumed by humans for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of milk component synthesis and mammary gland development. However, the regulatory profile of the miRNAs and mRNAs involved in lactation in donkeys is unclear. We performed mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq and constructed coexpression regulatory networks for the mammary glands during the lactating and nonlactating period of jennies. We identified 3144 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (987 upregulated mRNAs and 2157 downregulated mRNAs) and 293 DE miRNAs (231 upregulated miRNAs and 62 downregulated miRNAs) in the lactating group compared to the nonlactating group. The DE miRNA target mRNA were significantly associated with pathways related to RNA polymerase, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, mRNA surveillance, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, glycerophospholipid metabolism, Ras signaling, and the fly hippo signaling pathway. The mRNA–miRNA coregulation analysis showed that novel-m0032-3p, miR-195, miR-26-5p, miR-23-3p, miR-674-3p, and miR-874-3p are key miRNAs that target mRNAs involved in immunity and milk lipid, protein, and vitamin metabolism in the jenny mammary gland. Our results improve the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating bioactive milk component metabolism in the mammary glands and could be used to improve milk production in donkeys.
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Sun Z, Xu C, Chen Y, Liu D, Wu P, Gao Q. Characterization of Pannexin1, Connexin32, and Connexin43 in Spotted Sea Bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus): They Are Important Neuro-Related Immune Response Genes Involved in Inflammation-Induced ATP Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870679. [PMID: 35514966 PMCID: PMC9062032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many immunological diseases can be treated by regulating neurobehavior, in which extracellular ATP is a vital member of endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern signaling molecule that plays a crucial part in innate neuro-related immunity. It is actively released through pannexin (Panx) and connexin (Cx) hemichannels from activated or stressed cells during inflammation, injury, or apoptosis. In addition to participating in ATP release, Panxs and Cxs also have crucial immune functions. In this study, pannexin1, three connexin32 isoforms and connexin43 were identified and characterized in spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), which were named LmPanx1, LmCx32.2, LmCx32.3, LmCx32.7, and LmCx43. Their similar topological structures were discovered by sequence analysis: a relatively unconserved C-terminal region and four highly conserved transmembrane (TM) domains, and so on. Each extracellular (ECL) region of Panx1 has two conserved cysteine residues. Unlike Panx1, each ECL region of Cx32 and Cx43 contains three conserved cysteine residues, forming two conserved motifs: CX6CX3C motif in ECL1 and CX4CX5C motif in ECL2. Furthermore, Panx1 and Cx43 share similar genomic organization and synteny with their counterparts in selected vertebrates. Cx32 and CX43 were located in the same locus in fish, but diverged into two loci from amphibian. Moreover, despite varying expression levels, the identified genes were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues. All genes were upregulated by PAMP [lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C)] stimulation or bacterial infection in vivo and in vitro, but they were downregulated in the brain at 6 or 12 h after stimulation. Especially, the three LmCx32 isoforms and LmCx43 were upregulated by ATP stimulation in primary head kidney leukocytes; however, downregulation of LmCx32.3 and LmCx43 expression were noted at 12 h. Conversely, ATP treatment inhibited the expression of LmPanx1. Importantly, we showed that the spotted sea bass Panx1, Cx43, and Cx32 were localized on the cellular membrane and involved in inflammation-induced ATP release. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Panx1, Cx32, and Cx43 are important neuro-related immune response genes involved in inflammation-induced ATP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao MZ, Guo X, Sun B, Sun XF, Pang GF, Yang LY, Zhao X, Sun LX, Zhang Q. HA of H1N1 enhanced the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 in HUVECs and pathological injury in the lungs in mice. Gene 2021; 801:145854. [PMID: 34274468 PMCID: PMC8302257 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Both COVID-19 and influenza are viral respiratory tract infections and the epidemics of viral respiratory tract infections remain highly prevalent with lethal consequences in susceptible individuals. Expression of ICAM-1 on vascular endothelium recruits leukocytes which initiates inflammation. IL-6 induces ICAM-1. Both ICAM-1 and IL-6 can be enhanced in influenza virus infection and COVID-19 patients. Besides initiation of virus entry host cells, whether HA alone, instead of whole virus, of influenza has the effects on expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 in vascular endothelium with injury in the lungs, remains to be demonstrated. Methods RT-qPCR and Western blot as well as histopathologic examination were used to examine mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and IL-6 as well as pathological injury in the lung tissues, respectively. Results After incubation of the Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) with HA of H1N1 for 24 h, the mRNA and protein of ICAM-1 and IL-6 in HUVECs were increased in group of 5 μg/ml concentration with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Pathological injury in lung tissues of the mice was shown 12 h after tail intravenous injection with 100 μl of HA (50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml in normal saline), including widened alveolar spaces with angiotelectasis in alveolar wall, alveolar luminal and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, alveolar luminal erythrocyte effusion. Conclusions HA alone, instead of whole H1N1 virus, induced more expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6, two molecules involving in pathological and inflammatory responses, in HUVECs and pathological injury in lung tissues of the mice. This knowledge provides a new HA-targeted potential direction for prevention and treatment of disease related to H1N1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhen Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Gui-Fen Pang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Lin-Ying Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China.
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