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Greenberg P, O'Callaghan L, Fournier AA, Gagnon-Sanschagrin P, Maitland J, Chitnis A. Impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms among households in the United States. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:107-115. [PMID: 38154583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of depressive symptoms on individuals has been widely studied but their impact on households remains less explored. This study assessed the humanistic and economic impact of living with an adult with depressive symptoms on adults without depressive symptoms among households in the United States (US). METHODS The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) Household Component database was used to identify adults without depressive symptoms living in households with ≥1 adult with depressive symptoms (depression household) and adults without depressive symptoms living in households without an adult with depressive symptoms (no-depression household). Weighted generalized linear models with clustered standard errors were used to compare total income (USD 2020), employment status, workdays missed, quality of life (QoL), and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) between cohorts. RESULTS Adults without depressive symptoms living in a depression household (n = 1699) earned $4720 less in total annual income (representing 11.3% lower than the average income of $41,634 in MEPS), were less likely to be employed, missed more workdays per year, and had lower QoL than adults without depressive symptoms living in a no-depression household (n = 15,286). Differences in total annual healthcare costs and for most types of HRU, except for increased outpatient mental health-related visits, were not significant. LIMITATIONS Data is subject to reporting bias, misclassification, and other inaccuracies. Causal inferences could not be established. CONCLUSION The economic and humanistic consequences of depressive symptoms may extend beyond the affected adults and impact other adult members of the household.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Greenberg
- Analysis Group, Inc., 111 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02199, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jessica Maitland
- Analysis Group, Inc., 1190 Ave. des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H3B 0G7, Canada.
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Orellana L, García R, Miranda-Zapata E, Schnettler B. Effects of work-to-family enrichment on psychological distress and family satisfaction: A dyadic analysis in dual-earner parents. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:634-647. [PMID: 35731013 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resources that individuals acquire at work can have significant effects on their own well-being and family satisfaction, and on those of their closest family relations. Following the conservation of resources theory, this study examined the effects of work-to-family enrichment (WFE) on psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) and family satisfaction (SWFaL) in different-gender dual-earner parents. The sample consisted of 473 couples - mother and father - from Temuco, Chile, who answered the Work-Family Interface scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and the Satisfaction with Family Scale. The analysis was conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Results showed that WFE was positively associated with SWFaL for both mothers and fathers (actor effects), whereas higher WFE was linked to lower psychological distress only in fathers. For mothers and fathers, psychological distress was negatively associated with their own (actor effects) and the other parent's SWFAL (partner effects). The mediating role of psychological distress was found only for fathers' WFE and their SWFaL. These results indicate that resources from work can increase family satisfaction for both fathers and mothers in dual-earner couples with adolescent children. However, in these couples, fathers acquire affective resources (positive mood) that reduce their own psychological distress, while mothers acquire skills (managing time at home more efficiently) that they invest directly in the family domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Orellana
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Romina García
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Edgardo Miranda-Zapata
- Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Educación, Centro de Investigación Escolar y Desarrollo (Cied-UCT), Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Berta Schnettler
- Centro de Excelencia en Psicología Económica y del Consumo, Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile.,Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile.,Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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John-Baptiste AA, Li L, Isaranuwatchai W, Osuch E, Anderson KK. Healthcare utilization costs of emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in an early intervention treatment program compared to a matched cohort. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1439-1446. [PMID: 30688032 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The First Episode Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program (FEMAP) provides treatment to emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in an accessible, youth-friendly environment. We sought to investigate FEMAP's impact on the costs of care. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study of one-year health service costs using linked administrative datasets to compare emerging adults treated at FEMAP (FEMAP users) to propensity-score matched controls (non-users). Costs from the perspective of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, included drug benefit claims, inpatient, physician and ambulatory care services. We used bootstrapping to perform unadjusted comparisons between FEMAP users and non-users, by cost category and overall. We performed risk-adjusted comparison of overall costs using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS FEMAP users (n = 366) incurred significantly lower costs compared to non-users (n = 660), for inpatient services (-$784, 95% confidence interval [CI] -$1765, -$28), ambulatory care services (-$90, 95% CI -$175, -$14) and drug benefit claims (-$47, 95% CI -$115,-$4) and significantly higher physician services costs ($435, 95% CI $276, $581) over 1 year. The unadjusted difference in overall costs was not significant (-$853, 95% CI -$2048, $142). Following adjustment for age, sex and age at first mental health diagnosis, the difference of -$914 (95% CI (-$2747, $919)) was also not significant. CONCLUSIONS FEMAP was associated with significantly lower costs of inpatient and ambulatory care services, and higher costs of physician services, however we are unable to conclude that FEMAP is cost-saving overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava A John-Baptiste
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Medical Evidence, Decision Integrity & Clinical Impact (MEDICI Centre), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lihua Li
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai
- Centre for Excellence in Economic Analysis Research (CLEAR), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Osuch
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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