Genotyping of vitamin D receptor FOKI polymorphism as a predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus by a tetra primer-ARMS-PCR assay

Relationship between vitamin D receptor genotypes (FOK1rs2228570) and IL18 gene expression in sample of multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients

BACKGROUND

Multiple Sclerosis known as MS, this chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition affects the nervous system. It is a heterogenic and multifactorial disease. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MS patients' IL18 gene expression and the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (FOK1rs2228570).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study to investigate the association of vitamin D receptor (FOK1rs2228570) gene polymorphism and pro inflammatory cytokine (IL18) gene expression among multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients. Detection VDR polymorphism and determine whether this SNP is involved in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and estimation IL18 gene expression and explore its relation with multiple sclerosis susceptibility.

METHODS

Blood samples were taken from 75 MS patients in Iraq (30 men and 45 women), as well as from 75 volunteers who seemed to be in a favorable state of health and fell within the age range of 20 to 50 years. Tetra-ARMS Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) was used to find polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure IL18 gene expression.

RESULTS

The findings from the analysis of VDR gene polymorphism in patients with MS indicated that the wild-type genotype T/T was present in 8 individuals, accounting for 10.6%, the heterogeneous genotype TC was 36 (48%), and the homogeneous genotype CC was 31 (41.3%), whilst T allele frequency was 52(34.6%) and C allele was 98(65.3%) with (P⩽ 0.01) significant difference and even as in control T/T genotype was 49(65.3%), TC genotype was 21(28%), CC genotype was 5(6.66%), T allele frequency was 119(79.3%) and C allele was 31(20.6%) with significant difference (P⩽ 0.001). While estimation of IL18 expression showed high elevation in patients' group (2.59 ± 0.51 fold) by significance difference (P⩽ 0.5) when compared to control group (1.35 ± 0.14 fold). The relationship between IL18 gene expression with VDR variant in MS patients demonstrated a significant rise (2.9 ± 0.51 fold) at CC genotype patients in IL18 folding gene expression, followed by (4.6 ± 0.17 fold) in TC genotype patients and finally (1.4 ± 0.08 fold) in TT genotype patients with highly significant (P⩽ 0.01).

CONCLUSION

The VDR(FOK1rs2228570) genotype was significantly correlated with IL18 expression in MS patients from Iraq.

Vitamin D Receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-regression and meta-analysis based on 47 studies

BACKGROUND

Evidence from various studies suggest that vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); However, these results have been disputable. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effect of VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T2D.

METHODS

All relevant studies reporting the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to T2D published up to August 2020 were identified by comprehensive systematic database search in web of science, Scopus, and Medline. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure strength of association. The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis were also performed.

RESULTS

A total of 47 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall population results revealed a significant association between FokI, and BsmI (heterozygote model) polymorphisms and T2D in the overall analysis. However, no association was found with the TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms. Moreover, the pooled results of subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested significant association between FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms and T2D in some subgroups. Meta-regression analyses indicated that none of the publication year, ethnicity, and genotyping method were the source of heterogenicity in all four polymorphisms.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis suggested a significant association between VDR gene FokI, and BsmI (heterozygote model) polymorphisms and T2D susceptibility in overall population and ethnic-specific analysis.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-020-00704-z.