The genes polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and AGT T174M in patients with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis

Genetic Polymorphism in Angiotensinogen and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Diseases

Angiotensinogen (AGT) is one of the most significant enzymes of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which is involved in the regulation and maintenance of blood pressure. AGT is involved in the production of angiotensin I which is then converted into angiotensin II that leads to renal homeostasis. However, various genetic polymorphisms in AGT have been discovered in recent times which have shown an association with various diseases. Genetic polymorphism increases the level of circulating AGT in blood which exaggerates the effects produced by AGT. The associated diseases occur due to various effects produced by increased AGT levels. Several cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertrophy, etc. are associated with AGT polymorphism. Other diseases such as depression, obesity, diabetic nephropathy, pre-eclampsia, and liver injury are also associated with some variants of AGT gene. The most common variants of AGT polymorphism are M235T and T174M. The two variants are associated with many diseases. Some other variants such as G-217A, A-6G, A-20C and G-152A, are also present but they are not as significant as that of M235T and T174M variants. These variants increase the level of circulating AGT and are associated with prevalence of different diseases. These diseases occur through various pathological pathways, but the initial reason remains the same, i.e., increased level of AGT in the blood. In this article, we have majorly focused on how genetic polymorphism of different variants of AGT gene is associated with the prevalence of different diseases.

Identification by Bioinformatics Analysis of Potential Key Genes Related to the Progression and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Objective

Despite increasingly sophisticated medical technology, the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer is still not objectively certain. Therefore, it is urgent to identify new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. To identify potential critical genes related to gastric cancer’s staging mechanism and to the prognosis of gastric cancer.

Methods

Dynamic trend analysis was conducted to find genes with similar trends in gastric cancer staging in order to explore the differentially expressed genes in gastric cancer and identify the intersection of the results of the dynamic trend analysis. Functional predictive analysis were performed on the obtained genes to observe the expression of prognostic genes in gastric cancer and in gastric cancer stages as well as the correlation with tumor immune cell infiltration. Gastric cancer samples were collected and sequenced for follow-up analysis based on the results of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analysis.

Results

The expression of genes enriched in module 0 had a similar trend in gastric cancer staging. 3213 differential genes were screened. A total of 50 intersection genes were obtained among genes with similar trends, of which only 10 genes have prognostic significance in gastric cancer. These 10 genes were correlated with macrophage infiltration in varying degrees. In addition, we found that AGT was significantly abnormally expressed in the results of sample sequencing. AGT was related to the occurrence of gastric cancer and interacted with brd9, golph3, nom1, klhl25, and psmd11.

Conclusion

AGT has prominent abnormal expression in gastric cancer and may promote gastric cancer progression. This study provides a new direction for further exploring potential biomarkers and molecular targeted gastric cancer therapy.

Fluorescence detection of the human angiotensinogen protein by the G-quadruplex aptamer

Schematic diagram of AGT detection by a G-quadruplex based fluorescent biosensor.

Nitride oxide synthase 3 and klotho gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and age-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: While it has been known that the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age-related cognitive impairment involves several mediators, the evidence in clinical practice only reveals nitride oxide synthase (NOS) and klotho. However, the evidence for this topic is conflicted. The aim of this study was to assess the role of NOS and klotho single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of CKD and age-related cognitive impairment. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis during October to December 2019. Paper collection was performed in major scientific websites, and we extracted information of interest from each paper. Data were analyzed using a Z-test with either random or fixed effect model. Results: Our initial assessment identified NOS3 G894T, NOS3 T786C, NOS3 4b/4a, klotho ( KL) G395A, and KL C1818T as the gene candidate for our meta-analysis. Our pooled calculation revealed that NOS3 G894T was associated with the risk of both age-related cognitive impairment and CKD. Increased susceptibility to age-related cognitive impairment was observed in the GG genotype, and increased risk of CKD was found in patients with a single T allele and TT genotype for NOS3 nucleotide 894. For NOS3 4b/4a, increased risk of CKD was only found in 4a4a genotype. For NOS3 T786C, we failed to show the association with both CKD and age-related cognitive impairment. Subsequently, for KL G395A, A allele and GA genotype were found to correlate with increased susceptibility to CKD, while its correlation to age-related cognitive impairment was failed to clarify. For KL C1818T, our analysis failed to find the correlation with the risk of CKD. Conclusions: Our results reveal that the NOS3 G894T gene polymorphism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both CKD and age-related cognitive impairment.

Nitride oxide synthase 3 and klotho gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease and age-related cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: While it has been known that the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age-related cognitive impairment involves several mediators, the evidence in clinical practice only reveals nitride oxide synthase (NOS) and klotho. However, the evidence for this topic is conflicted. The aim of this study was to assess the role of NOS and klotho single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathogenesis of CKD and age-related cognitive impairment. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis during October to December 2019. Paper collection was performed in major scientific websites, and we extracted information of interest from each paper. Data were analyzed using a Z-test with either random or fixed effect model. Results: Our initial assessment identified NOS3 G894T, NOS3 T786C, NOS3 4b/4a, klotho ( KL) G395A, and KL C1818T as the gene candidate for our meta-analysis. Our pooled calculation revealed that NOS3 G894T was associated with the risk of both age-related cognitive impairment and CKD. Increased susceptibility to age-related cognitive impairment was observed in the GG genotype, and increased risk of CKD was found in patients with a single T allele and TT genotype for NOS3 nucleotide 894. For NOS3 4b/4a, increased risk of CKD was only found in 4a4a genotype. For NOS3 T786C, we failed to show the association with both CKD and age-related cognitive impairment. Subsequently, for KL G395A, A allele and GA genotype were found to correlate with increased susceptibility to CKD, while its correlation to age-related cognitive impairment was failed to clarify. For KL C1818T, our analysis failed to find the correlation with the risk of CKD. Conclusions: Our results reveal that the NOS3 G894T gene polymorphism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both CKD and age-related cognitive impairment.

Risk factors of tuberculosis infection among health care workers: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDS

Health care workers (HCWs) are globally known to have high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection while risk factors of TB infections among HCWs are still inconclusive.

OBJECTIVES

To perform a meta-analysis in effort to identify risk factors of TB infection among HCWs.

METHODS

A meta-analysis was conducted between February and July 2019. Papers were searched in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of science and information of interest were extracted. The correlation and effect estimation were analyzed using random or fixed effect model.

RESULTS

A total of 12 studies consisting of 2871 cases and 15,673 controls were included and six risk factors were available for meta-analysis. Cumulative calculation found that age, working duration, and types of job were significant risk factor of TB infection while gender, active TB contact, and types of workplace were not associated significantly with TB infection among HCWs. Our pooled data revealed that decreased risk of TB infection was observed in age less than 30 years (age < 30 years vs. age ≥ 30 years) and working duration less than five years (working duration < 5 years vs. ≥5 years). Being more than 40 years, working more than 10 years, and being physicians increased the risk of TB infection significantly compared to age ≤40 years, working duration ≤10 years, and other job types, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Our meta-analysis has identified the significant risk factors of TB infection among HCWs. Our results may be useful for establishing future TB prevention program among HCWs.

The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C gene polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension: a meta-analysis

Background

Since first reported having the association with essential hypertension, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C was globally investigated worldwide. However, controversy was found. Furthermore, previous meta-analyses did not adequate to clarify the precise correlation due to some limitations. Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis concerning the association between AT1R A1166C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk of essential hypertension with eliminating the limitations of previous studies.

Methods

A meta-analysis was conducted from February to March 2019. Some information related to sample size of hypertension and control groups and genotype frequencies of hypertension and control groups were extracted from each study. Data were analyzed using fixed or random effect model to determine the overall correlation.

Results

A total of 45 papers consisting of 11911 cases and 1340 controls were enrolled for the study. Our overall analysis showed that C allele and AC genotype of AT1R A1166C was associated with 1.18-fold and 1.15-fold respectively increased risk of essential hypertension, while the decreased risk of essential hypertension was observed in A allele and AA genotype. In sub-group analysis, increased risk of essential hypertension was found in C allele, AC genotype, and CC genotype of both Asian population and PCR-RFLP sub-groups, while decreased risk was observed in A allele and AA genotype.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis reveals that AT1R A1166C remains a valuable SNP having an association with the risk of essential hypertension.