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Arfaoui A, Rojo-Bezares B, Fethi M, López M, Toledano P, Sayem N, Ben Khelifa Melki S, Ouzari HI, Klibi N, Sáenz Y. Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot infections in Tunisia. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38963417 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an invasive organism that frequently causes severe tissue damage in diabetic foot ulcers.Gap statement. The characterisation of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from diabetic foot infections has not been carried out in Tunisia.Purpose. The aim was to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) in Tunisia and to characterize their resistance, virulence and molecular typing.Methods. Patients with DFIs admitted to the diabetes department of the International Hospital Centre of Tunisia, from September 2019 to April 2021, were included in this prospective study. P. aeruginosa were obtained from the wound swabs, aspiration and soft tissue biopsies during routine clinical care and were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serotyping, integron and OprD characterization, virulence, biofilm production, pigment quantification, elastase activity and molecular typing were analysed in all recovered P. aeruginosa isolates by phenotypic tests, specific PCRs, sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing.Results. Sixteen P. aeruginosa isolates (16.3 %) were recovered from 98 samples of 78 diabetic patients and were classified into 6 serotypes (O:11 the most frequent), 11 different PFGE patterns and 10 sequence types (three of them new ones). The high-risk clone ST235 was found in two isolates. The highest resistance percentages were observed to netilmicin (69 %) and cefepime (43.8 %). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (25 %) were detected, three of them being carbapenem-resistant. The ST235-MDR strain harboured the In51 class 1 integron (intI1 +aadA6+orfD+qacED1-sul1). According to the detection of 14 genes involved in virulence or quorum sensing, 5 virulotypes were observed, including 5 exoU-positive, 9 exoS-positive and 2 exoU/exoS-positive strains. The lasR gene was truncated by ISPpu21 insertion sequence in one isolate, and a deletion of 64 bp in the rhlR gene was detected in the ST235-MDR strain. Low biofilm, pyoverdine and elastase production were detected in all P. aeruginosa; however, the lasR-truncated strain showed a chronic infection phenotype characterized by loss of serotype-specific antigenicity, high production of phenazines and high biofilm formation.Conclusions. Our study demonstrated for the first time the prevalence and the molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa strains from DFIs in Tunisia, showing a high genetic diversity, moderate antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits, highlighting their pathological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Noureddine Sayem
- Service of Biology, Carthagene International Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Jafari-Ramedani S, Nazari M, Arzanlou M, Peeri-Dogaheh H, Sahebkar A, Khademi F. Prevalence and molecular characterization of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates: insights from a study in Ardabil hospitals. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:152. [PMID: 38702660 PMCID: PMC11067120 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections. However, the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has complicated the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. While polymyxins have been the mainstay for treatment, there is a global increase in resistance to these antibiotics. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular details of colistin resistance in P. aeruginosa clinical isolates collected between June 2019 and May 2023, as well as the genetic linkage of colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. RESULTS The resistance rate to colistin was 9% (n = 18) among P. aeruginosa isolates. All 18 colistin-resistant isolates were biofilm producers and carried genes associated with biofilm formation. Furthermore, the presence of genes encoding efflux pumps, TCSs, and outer membrane porin was observed in all colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, while the mcr-1 gene was not detected. Amino acid substitutions were identified only in the PmrB protein of multidrug- and colistin-resistant strains. The expression levels of mexA, mexC, mexE, mexY, phoP, and pmrA genes in the 18 colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains were as follows: 88.8%, 94.4%, 11.1%, 83.3%, 83.3%, and 38.8%, respectively. Additionally, down-regulation of the oprD gene was observed in 44.4% of colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. CONCLUSION This study reports the emergence of colistin resistance with various mechanisms among P. aeruginosa strains in Ardabil hospitals. We recommend avoiding unnecessary use of colistin to prevent potential future increases in colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Jafari-Ramedani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri-Dogaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Okonkwo V, Cholet F, Ijaz UZ, Koottatep T, Pussayanavin T, Polpraset C, Sloan WT, Connelly S, Smith CJ. intI1 gene abundance from septic tanks in Thailand using validated intI1 primers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0107123. [PMID: 37874304 PMCID: PMC10686061 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01071-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis, and wastewater treatment, including septic tanks, remains an important source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. The role of septic tanks in disseminating class 1 integron, and by extension AMR genes, in Thailand, where antibiotic use is unregulated remains understudied. We aimed to monitor gene abundance as a proxy to infer potential AMR from septic tanks in Thailand. We evaluated published intI1 primers due to the lack of consensus on optimal Q-PCR primers and the absence of standardization. Our findings confirmed septic tanks are a source of class 1 integron to the environment. We highlighted the significance of intI1 primer choice, in the context of interpretation of risk associated with AMR spread from septic tanks. We recommend the validated set (F3-R3) for optimal intI1 quantification toward the goal of achieving standardization across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Okonkwo
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Cholet
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Umer Z. Ijaz
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thammarat Koottatep
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
| | | | - Chongrak Polpraset
- Thammasat School of Engineering, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - William T. Sloan
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Connelly
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cindy J. Smith
- Department of Infrastructure and Environment, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Rahimi M, Piroozmand A, Shayestehpour M, Salamat S, Peik Falak F, Shakerimoghaddam A, Moosavi GA, Khaledi A. Effect of curcumin nanoparticles and alcoholic extract of Falcaria vulgaris on the growth rate, biofilm, and gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infection. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6681-6690. [PMID: 37378742 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of Curcumin nanoparticles and alcoholic extract of Falcaria vulgaris on the growth rate, biofilm, and gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infection. METHODS The alcoholic extract of Falcaria vulgaris was purchased from Pasargad Company. Curcumin nanoparticles were synthesized. Antibacterial activity of Curcumin nanoparticles and alcoholic extract of Falcaria vulgaris was investigated by microdilution method alone and in combination. Biofilm inhibitory was investigated by microtitrplate method. Effect of Curcumin nanoparticles and alcoholic extract of Falcaria vulgaris were evaluated on algD gene expression via Real-Time PCR. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay on HDF cell line. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Synthesized Curcumin nanoparticles were approved by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscope. The alcoholic extract of Falcaria Vulgaris showed significant antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates at a concentration of 156.25 µg/mL. Moreover, MIC of the curcumin nanoparticle for isolates was 625 µg/mL. Based on fraction inhibition concentration, synergy, and the additive effect were shown against %7.7, and %93.3 of MDRs, respectively. The sub-MIC concentration of the binary compound reduced biofilms and algD gene expression in P. aeruginosa isolates. The Biological function of HDF cell lines was desirable after the effect of the binary compound. CONCLUSIONS Regarding our results, this combination can be suggested as a promising agent in terms of biofilm inhibitory and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Piroozmand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sarvin Salamat
- Pharm D, Pharmacy School, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Peik Falak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Ali Shakerimoghaddam
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Abbas Moosavi
- Department of Vital Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Azad Khaledi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran.
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Xu X, Fu H, Wan G, Huang J, Zhou Z, Rao Y, Liu L, Wen C. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Aeromonas veronii isolated from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1042007. [PMID: 36578578 PMCID: PMC9791064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area is severely threatened by diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, and Aeromonas veronii has been the main pathogen in recent years. In this paper, ERIC-PCR genotyping, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, and drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 46 A. veronii isolates obtained from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the A. veronii strains in the Poyang Lake area had high genetic diversity, and 46 strains produced 36 ERIC genotypes. There were no geographical and temporal differences in the cluster analysis results and no dominant clones. All 13 virulence genes tested were detected, and all isolates had harbored 2 or more virulence genes, with a maximum of 12 virulence genes detected. Among the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes selected, 15 were detected; 97.8% of the isolates contained 2 or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with a maximum of 9 antimicrobial resistance genes. Drug susceptibility tests showed that some strains were resistant to a variety of traditionally effective drugs for Aeromomas, such as enrofloxacin and florfenicol. This study provides a reference for exploring the impact of aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Xu
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiyun Fu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoyuan Wan
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiangfeng Huang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chungen Wen
- College of Life Science, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Chungen Wen,
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Prevalence of resistance genes to biocides in antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2149-2155. [PMID: 34854015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocides are frequently used as preservative, disinfectant and sterilizer against many microorganisms in hospitals, industry and home. However, the reduced susceptibility rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains to biocides is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four frequently used biocides against P. aeruginosa and to determine the prevalence of genes involved in biocide resistance. METHODS A total of 76 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa strains were used in the present study. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four biocides, i.e. chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, triclosan and formaldehyde, against P. aeruginosa strains were determined using agar dilution method. In addition, the prevalence of biocide resistance genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS In the present study, the highest MIC90 and MIC95 (epidemiological cut-off) values were observed for benzalkonium chloride (1024 μg/mL), followed by formaldehyde (512 μg/mL), triclosan (512 μg/mL) and chlorhexidine digluconate (64 μg/mL). Furthermore, the prevalence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, fabV, cepA and fabI genes were 73.7% (n = 56), 26.3% (n = 20), 11.8% (n = 9), 84.2% (n = 64), 81.5% (n = 62) and 0% (n = 0), respectively. A significant association was observed between the presence of biocide resistance genes and MICs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the presence of biocide resistance genes and antibiotic resistance (p > 0.05), except for levofloxacin and norfloxacin antibiotics and qacE and qacG genes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results revealed that chlorhexidine digluconate is the most effective biocide against P. aeruginosa isolates in Ardabil hospitals. However, we recommend continuous monitoring of the antimicrobial activity of biocides and the prevalence of biocide-associated resistance genes for a better prevention of microorganism dissemination and infection control in hospitals.
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