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Xing J, Wang Y, Peng A, Li J, Niu X, Zhang K. The role of actin cytoskeleton CFL1 and ADF/cofilin superfamily in inflammatory response. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1408287. [PMID: 39114368 PMCID: PMC11303188 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1408287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin remodeling proteins are important in immune diseases and regulate cell cytoskeletal responses. These responses play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of biological events, protecting against acute or chronic inflammation in a range of diseases. Cofilin (CFL) and actin depolymerization factor (ADF) are potent actin-binding proteins that cut and depolymerize actin filaments to generate actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Although the molecular mechanism by which actin induces actin cytoskeletal reconstitution has been studied for decades, the regulation of actin in the inflammatory process has only recently become apparent. In this paper, the functions of the actin cytoskeleton and ADF/cofilin superfamily members are briefly introduced, and then focus on the role of CFL1 in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Dong San Dao Xiang, Taiyuan, China
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Laguardia A, Dapueto A, McCuistion H, Rossi FM. Cofilin 1 Is Dynamically Modulated During Postnatal Development and by Visual Input in the Mouse Visual Cortex. Neuroscience 2023; 510:147-156. [PMID: 36470478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cofilin 1 is an actin depolymerizing protein playing a fundamental role in the turnover of actin filaments specifically in dendritic spines, where it has been associated with structural and functional plasticity processes. Using a differential proteomic approach, we recently identified cofilin 1 as a potential candidate for controlling plasticity levels in the mouse visual cortex. Here, we focus on analyzing the expression of cofilin 1 and of its serine-3 phosphorylated inactive form in the mouse visual cortex during postnatal development and its modulation by visual input. Western blot experiments showed that cofilin 1 decreases from the critical period to the adult stage, in correlation with the decreasing level of cortical plasticity, and that monocular deprivation increases its expression in the cortex contralateral to the deprived eye during the critical period but not in the adult stage. By immunohistochemistry, we identified that the phospho-cofilin 1 immunopositive signal is homogeneously expressed along the different layers of the mouse visual cortex and that it increases during postnatal development. Furthermore, monocular deprivation increases the phospho-cofilin 1 signal in the contralateral cortex to the deprived eye during the critical period but not in the adult stage. Altogether, these results suggest that cofilin 1 and its modification by phosphorylation are relevant players in the processes controlling experience-dependent plasticity in the mouse visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Laguardia
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Agustina Dapueto
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Hanna McCuistion
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Francesco Mattia Rossi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias "Neuroplasticity Unit", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Schlau M, Terheyden-Keighley D, Theis V, Mannherz HG, Theiss C. VEGF Triggers the Activation of Cofilin and the Arp2/3 Complex within the Growth Cone. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020384. [PMID: 29382077 PMCID: PMC5855606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial neuronal structure for the development and regeneration of neuronal networks is the axonal growth cone. Affected by different guidance cues, it grows in a predetermined direction to reach its final destination. One of those cues is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was identified as a positive effector for growth cone movement. These positive effects are mainly mediated by a reorganization of the actin network. This study shows that VEGF triggers a tight colocalization of cofilin and the Arp2/3 complex to the actin cytoskeleton within chicken dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Live cell imaging after microinjection of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-cofilin and RFP (red fluorescent protein)-LifeAct revealed that both labeled proteins rapidly redistributed within growth cones, and showed a congruent distribution pattern after VEGF supplementation. Disruption of signaling upstream of cofilin via blocking LIM-kinase (LIMK) activity resulted in growth cones displaying regressive growth behavior. Microinjection of GFP-p16b (a subunit of the Arp2/3 complex) and RFP-LifeAct revealed that both proteins redistributed into lamellipodia of the growth cone within minutes after VEGF stimulation. Disruption of the signaling to the Arp2/3 complex in the presence of VEGF by inhibition of N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich–Scott protein) caused retraction of growth cones. Hence, cofilin and the Arp2/3 complex appear to be downstream effector proteins of VEGF signaling to the actin cytoskeleton of DRG growth cones. Our data suggest that VEGF simultaneously affects different pathways for signaling to the actin cytoskeleton, since activation of cofilin occurs via inhibition of LIMK, whereas activation of Arp2/3 is achieved by stimulation of N-WASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schlau
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Daniel Terheyden-Keighley
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Verena Theis
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Hans Georg Mannherz
- Research Group Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil and St. Josef Hospital, c/o Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr-University, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Carsten Theiss
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Cytology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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Yang C, Li X, Li Q, Li H, Qiao L, Guo Z, Lin J. Sonic Hedgehog Regulation of the Neural Precursor Cell Fate During Chicken Optic Tectum Development. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 64:287-299. [PMID: 29285739 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During nervous system development, neurons project axons over long distances to reach the appropriate targets for correct neural circuit formation. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein and plays a key role in regulating vertebrate embryogenesis, especially in central nervous system (CNS) patterning, including neuronal migration and axonal projection in the brain and spinal cord. In the developing ventral midbrain, Shh is sufficient to specify a striped pattern of cell fates. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the Shh regulation of the neural precursor cell fate during the optic tectum development. Here, we aimed at studying how Shh might regulate chicken optic tectum patterning. In the present study, in ovo electroporation methods were employed to achieve the overexpression of Shh in the optic tectum during chicken embryo development. Besides, the study combined in ovo electroporation and neuron isolation culturing to study the function of Shh in vivo and in vitro. The fluorescent immunohistochemistry methods were used to check the related indicators. The results showed that Shh overexpression caused 87.8% of cells to be distributed to the stratum griseum central (SGC) layer, while only 39.3% of the GFP-transfected cells resided in the SGC layer in the control group. Shh overexpression also reduced the axon length in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Shh regulates the neural precursor cell fate during chicken optic tectum development. Shh overexpression impairs neuronal migration and may affect the fate determination of transfected neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciqing Yang
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Qiuling Li
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Han Li
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Liang Qiao
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Combined use of in ovo electroporation and cultured neurons for gene function analysis of embryogenesis in the chicken optic tectum. Neuroreport 2017; 28:1180-1185. [PMID: 28953094 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chicken embryos are used widely in the fields of developmental biology and neurobiology. The chicken embryo also serves as a model to analyze gene expression and function using in ovo electroporation. Plasmids may be injected into the spinal cord or tectum of the chicken central nervous system by microinjection for electroporation. Here, we developed a novel method that combines in ovo electroporation and neuronal culturing to study gene function in the chicken tectum during embryo development. Our method can be used to study in-vivo and in-vitro exogenous genes' function. In addition, live cell imaging microscopy, immunostaining, and transfection can be used with our method to study neuronal growth, development, neurite growth and retraction, and axonal pathfinding. Our result showed that axons were present in isolated neurons after culturing for 24 h, and cell debris was low after replacing the media at 48 h. Many GFP-expressing neurons were observed in the cultured cells after 48 h. We successfully cultured the neurons for 3 weeks. Together, this method combines in ovo electroporation and neuronal culturing advantages and is more convenient for the gene function analysis.
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Chang CY, Leu JD, Lee YJ. The actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin signaling pathway and DNA damage responses in cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:4095-120. [PMID: 25689427 PMCID: PMC4346946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16024095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin protein family is essential for actin dynamics, cell division, chemotaxis and tumor metastasis. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) is a primary non-muscle isoform of the ADF/cofilin protein family accelerating the actin filamental turnover in vitro and in vivo. In response to environmental stimulation, CFL-1 enters the nucleus to regulate the actin dynamics. Although the purpose of this cytoplasm-nucleus transition remains unclear, it is speculated that the interaction between CFL-1 and DNA may influence various biological responses, including DNA damage repair. In this review, we will discuss the possible involvement of CFL-1 in DNA damage responses (DDR) induced by ionizing radiation (IR), and the implications for cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Der Leu
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital RenAi Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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