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Song SH, Oh SH, Xu L, Lee KL, Hwang JY, Joo MD, Kong IK. Effect of Additional Cytoplasm of Cloned Embryo on In Vitro Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency in Mice. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:236-243. [PMID: 32833512 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for biological science research. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to improve the reprogramming efficiency as well as to overcome the limitations of SCNT. CICT uses an additional cytoplasm fused with an enucleated oocyte to restore the cytoplasmic volume of the cloned embryo, and this method could improve the reprogramming efficiency of the cloned embryo. In this study, we show that CICT can be adapted to mouse species to overcome the inefficiency of the SCNT method. In this study, results indicate that the two-cell embryo and blastocyst rates of cloned embryos with the use of the CICT method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the SCNT method (96.6% ± 1.1% vs. 86.7% ± 6.0%, 29.5% ± 2.6% vs. 22.1% ± 3.0%, respectively). Furthermore, the apoptotic cell number per blastocyst was significantly lower in the CICT group than that in the SCNT group (1.7 ± 0.2 vs. 2.9 ± 0.3, p < 0.05). Moreover, the acH3K9/K14 expression level in the CICT group was greater than that of the SCNT group (p < 0.05), and the relative acH3K56 level in the CICT group was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the SCNT group. These results indicate that CICT helps improve the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,The King Kong Corp., Ltd., Jinju, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Min B, Park M, Jeon K, Park JS, Seo H, Jeong S, Kang YK. Age-associated bimodal transcriptional drift reduces intergenic disparities in transcription. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:789-807. [PMID: 29706608 PMCID: PMC5940109 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the question of how well the quantitative transcriptome structure established in early life is maintained and how consistently it appears with increasing age, and if there is age-associated alteration of gene expression (A3GE), how much influence the Huntington’s disease (HD) genotype exerts on it. We examined 285 exonic sequences of 175 genes using targeted PCR sequencing in skeletal muscle, brain, and splenic CD4+ T cells of wild-type and HD mice. In contrast to the muscle and brain, T cells exhibited large A3GE, suggesting a strong contribution to functional decline of the organism. This A3GE was markedly intensified in age-matched HD T cells, which exhibited accelerated aging as determined by reduced telomere length. Regression analysis suggested that gene expression levels change at a rate of approximately 3% per month with age. We found a bimodal relationship in A3GE in T cells in that weakly expressed genes in young mice were increasingly transcribed in older animals whereas highly expressed genes in the young were decreasingly expressed with age. This bimodal transcriptional drift in the T cell transcriptome data causes the differences in transcription rate between genes to progressively reduce with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Myungsun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Kyuheum Jeon
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, South Korea
| | - Sangkyun Jeong
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Song SH, Lee KL, Xu L, Joo MD, Hwang JY, Oh SH, Kong IK. Production of cloned cats using additional complimentary cytoplasm. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106125. [PMID: 31405460 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for producing cloned animals. It, however, is inefficient when there is use of SCNT for cloned animal production. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to overcome the inefficiencies of SCNT use of this purpose. The use of CICT involves additional cytoplasm fusing with enucleated oocytes to restore the cytoplasmic volume, thus improving the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned embryos. In this study, there was application of CICT in cats to improve the in vitro developmental competence of cloned embryos, as well as the production of the offspring. The results of this study were that fusion rate of the cloned embryos with use of the CICT method was greater than that with SCNT (80.0 ± 4.8% compared with 67.8 ± 11.3%, respectively), and more blastocysts developed with use of CICT than SCNT (20.0 ± 2.0% compared with 13.5 ± 5.0%, respectively). The 62 cloned embryos that were produced with use of CICT were transferred into five estrous synchronized recipients, and 151 cloned embryos produced using SCNT were transferred to 13 estrous-synchronized recipients. After the embryo transfer, there was birth from surrogate mothers of one live-born kitten that resulted using SCNT compared with three live-born kittens using CICT. The number of CICT-cloned embryos born was greater than that of SCNT-cloned embryos (4.8 ± 2.3% compared with 0.7 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the CICT technique can be used to produce cloned kittens, including endangered feline species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hwan Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianguang Xu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Don Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea; The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Gyeongnam Province, Republic of Korea.
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Min B, Park JS, Kang YK. Determination of Oocyte-Manipulation, Zygote-Manipulation, and Genome-Reprogramming Effects on the Transcriptomes of Bovine Blastocysts. Front Genet 2018; 9:143. [PMID: 29740477 PMCID: PMC5928200 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (scNT) embryos suffer from damage caused by micro-operation (manipulation) and inefficient genome reprograming that hinder their normal development at different levels and in distinct ways. These two effects are inseparable in the nature of the scNT embryo, although methods to separately measure them are needed to improve scNT technology and evaluate incoming reprogramming tools. As an attempt to meet these demands, we made bovine sham nuclear-transfer (shNT) blastocysts, special embryos made with a standard nuclear-transfer procedure at the zygote stage, while retaining an intact genome. We compared their transcriptomes with those of other blastocysts derived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or scNT. Correlation analysis revealed a singularity of shNT blastocysts as they separately gathered from the others. Analysis of developmentally important genes revealed that, in shNTs, the stemness-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including OCT4, were mostly underrepresented. Overrepresented epi-driver genes were largely associated with heterochromatin establishment and maintenance. By multilateral comparisons of their transcriptomes, we classified DEGs into three groups: 561 manipulation-associated DEGs (MADs) common to shNTs and scNTs, 764 donor genome-associated DEGs (DADs) specific to scNTs, and 1743 zygote manipulation-associated DEGs (zMADs) specific to shNTs. GO enrichment analysis generated various terms involving “cell-cell adhesion,” “translation,” and “transcription” for MADs and “cell differentiation” and “embryo implantation” for DADs. Because of the transcriptomic specificity of shNTs, we studied zMADs in detail. GO enrichment analysis with the 854 zMADs underrepresented in shNTs yielded terms related to protein and mitochondria homeostasis, while GO enrichment analysis of 889 shNT-high zMADs yielded terms related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein transport. We summarized the DEGs, which, with further investigation, may help improve our understanding of molecular events occurring in cloned embryos and our ability to control clonal reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung S Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Min B, Park JS, Jeon K, Kang YK. Characterization of X-Chromosome Gene Expression in Bovine Blastocysts Derived by In vitro Fertilization and Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Front Genet 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28443134 PMCID: PMC5385346 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand X-chromosome reactivation (XCR) during early development, we analyzed transcriptomic data obtained from bovine male and female blastocysts derived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We found that X-linked genes were upregulated by almost two-fold in female compared with male IVF blastocysts. The upregulation of X-linked genes in female IVFs indicated a transcriptional dimorphism between the sexes, because the mean autosomal gene expression levels were relatively constant, regardless of sex. X-linked genes were expressed equivalently in the inner-cell mass and the trophectoderm parts of female blastocysts, indicating no imprinted inactivation of paternal X in the trophectoderm. All these features of X-linked gene expression observed in IVFs were also detected in SCNT blastocysts, although to a lesser extent. A heatmap of X-linked gene expression revealed that the initial resemblance of X-linked gene expression patterns between male and female donor cells turned sexually divergent in host SCNTs, ultimately resembling the patterns of male and female IVFs. Additionally, we found that sham SCNT blastocysts, which underwent the same nuclear-transfer procedures, but retained their embryonic genome, closely mimicked IVFs for X-linked gene expression, which indicated that the embryo manipulation procedure itself does not interfere with XCR in SCNT blastocysts. Our findings indicated that female SCNTs have less efficient XCR, suggesting that clonal reprogramming of X chromosomes is incomplete and occurs variably among blastocysts, and even among cells in a single blastocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyuheum Jeon
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience BiotechnologyDaejeon, South Korea
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Abstract
Epigenetic reprogramming is necessary in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in order to erase the differentiation-associated epigenetic marks of donor cells. However, such epigenetic memories often persist throughout the course of clonal development, thus decreasing cloning efficiency. Here, we explored reprogramming-refractory regions in bovine SCNT blastocyst transcriptomes. We observed that histone genes residing in the 1.5 Mb spanning the cow HIST1 cluster were coordinately downregulated in SCNT blastocysts. In contrast, both the nonhistone genes of this cluster, and histone genes elsewhere remained unaffected. This indicated that the downregulation was specific to HIST1 histone genes. We found that, after trichostatin A treatment, HIST1 histone genes were derepressed, and DNA methylation at their promoters was decreased to the level of in vitro fertilization embryos. Therefore, our results indicate that the reduced expression of HIST1 histone genes is a consequence of poor epigenetic reprogramming in SCNT blastocysts.
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Transcriptomic Features of Bovine Blastocysts Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:2527-38. [PMID: 26342001 PMCID: PMC4683625 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming incompletely occurs in most somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, which results in misregulation of developmentally important genes and subsequent embryonic malfunction and lethality. Here we examined transcriptome profiles in single bovine blastocysts derived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and SCNT. Different types of donor cells, cumulus cell and ear-skin fibroblast, were used to derive cSCNT and fSCNT blastocysts, respectively. SCNT blastocysts expressed 13,606 genes on average, similar to IVF (13,542). Correlation analysis found that both cSCNT and fSCNT blastocyst groups had transcriptomic features distinctive from the IVF group, with the cSCNT transcriptomes closer to the IVF ones than the fSCNT. Gene expression analysis identified 56 underrepresented and 78 overrepresented differentially expressed genes in both SCNT groups. A 400-kb locus harboring zinc-finger protein family genes in chromosome 18 were found coordinately down-regulated in fSCNT blastocysts, showing a feature of reprogramming-resistant regions. Probing into different categories of genes important for blastocyst development revealed that genes involved in trophectoderm development frequently were underrepresented, and those encoding epigenetic modifiers tended to be overrepresented in SCNT blastocysts. Our effort to identify reprogramming-resistant, differentially expressed genes can help map reprogramming error-prone loci onto the genome and elucidate how to handle the stochastic events of reprogramming to improve cloning efficiency.
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