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Workman S, Wilson MJ. RNA sequencing and expression analysis reveal a role for Lhx9 in the haploinsufficient adult mouse ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:295-309. [PMID: 37084273 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin ovarian development and function is vital for improving the research approaches to investigating fertility. Despite a significant improvement in our knowledge of molecular activity in the ovary, many questions remain unanswered in the quest to understand factors influencing fertility and ovarian pathologies such as cancer. Here, we present an investigation into the expression and function of the developmental transcription factor LIM Homeobox 9 (LHX9) in the adult mouse ovary. We have characterized Lhx9 expression in several cell types of the mature ovary across follicle stages. To evaluate possible LHX9 function in the adult ovary, we investigated ovarian anatomy and transcription in an Lhx9+/- knockout mouse model displaying subfertility. Despite a lack of gross anatomical differences between genotypes, RNA-sequencing found that 90 differentially expressed genes between Lhx9+/ - and Lhx9+/+ mice. Gene ontology analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes with major roles in ovarian steroidogenesis and an increased expression of genes associated with ovarian cancer. Analysis of the ovarian epithelium revealed Lhx9+/ - mice have a disorganized epithelial phenotype, corresponding to a significant increase in epithelial marker gene expression. These results provide an analysis of Lhx9 in the adult mouse ovary, suggesting a role in fertility and ovarian epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Workman
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Markman S, Zada M, David E, Giladi A, Amit I, Zelzer E. A single-cell census of mouse limb development identifies complex spatiotemporal dynamics of skeleton formation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:565-581.e4. [PMID: 36931270 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Limb development has long served as a model system for coordinated spatial patterning of progenitor cells. Here, we identify a population of naive limb progenitors and show that they differentiate progressively to form the skeleton in a complex, non-consecutive, three-dimensional pattern. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the developing mouse forelimb identified three progenitor states: naive, proximal, and autopodial, as well as Msx1 as a marker for the naive progenitors. In vivo lineage tracing confirmed this role and localized the naive progenitors to the outer margin of the limb, along the anterior-posterior axis. Sequential pulse-chase experiments showed that the progressive transition of Msx1+ naive progenitors into proximal and autopodial progenitors coincides with their differentiation to Sox9+ chondroprogenitors, which occurs along all the forming skeletal segments. Indeed, tracking the spatiotemporal sequence of differentiation showed that the skeleton forms progressively in a complex pattern. These findings suggest an alternative model for limb skeleton development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Markman
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mor Zada
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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3
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Wheaton BJ, Häggström SL, Muppavarapu M, González-Castrillón LM, Wilson SI. Alternative LIM homeodomain splice variants are dynamically regulated at key developmental steps in vertebrates. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1223-1243. [PMID: 35247020 PMCID: PMC9310833 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing provides a broad strategy to amplify the genome. Yet how alternative splicing influences neurodevelopment or indeed which variants are translated at developmental choice points remains poorly explored. Here we focused on a gene important for neurodevelopment, the Lim homeodomain transcription factor, Lhx9. Lhx9 has two non-canonical splice variants, Lhx9a and Lhx9b which compared with the canonical variant Lhx9c have a truncated homeodomain and an alternative C-terminal sequence, suggesting that, if translated, these variants could differently impact on cellular function. RESULTS We created a unique antibody tool designed to selectively detect non-canonical Lhx9 variants (Lhx9ab) and used this to examine the protein expression dynamics in embryos. Lhx9ab variants were translated and dynamically expressed similarly between mouse and chicken at key developmental choice points in the spinal cord, limbs and urogenital ridge. Within the spinal cord, enrichment of Lhx9c versus Lhx9ab expression was observed during key migration and axonal projection choice points. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion that the expression dynamics between canonical and non-canonical Lhx9 variants could play an important role in spinal neuron maturation. More broadly, determining the temporal dynamics of alternative protein variants is a key entry point to understand how splicing influences developmental processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Lea Häggström
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Ivy Wilson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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4
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Vail DJ, Somoza RA, Caplan AI. MicroRNA Regulation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis: Toward Articular Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:254-269. [PMID: 34328786 PMCID: PMC8971999 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of a clinically useful engineered cartilage is an outstanding and unmet clinical need. High-throughput RNA sequencing provides a means of characterizing the molecular phenotype of populations of cells and can be leveraged to better understand differences among source cells, derivative engineered tissues, and target phenotypes. In this study, small RNA sequencing is utilized to comprehensively characterize the microRNA transcriptomes (miRNomes) of native human neonatal articular cartilage and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) differentiating into cartilage organoids, contrasting the microRNA regulation of engineered cartilage with that of a promising target phenotype. Five dominant microRNAs are upregulated during cartilage organoid differentiation and disproportionately regulate transcription factors: miR-148a-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-27b-3p, miR-140-5p, and miR-181a-5p. Two microRNAs that dominate the miRNomes of hBM-MSCs, miR-21-5p and miR-143-3p, persist throughout the differentiation process and may limit the ability of these cells to differentiate into an engineered cartilage resembling target native articular cartilage. By using predictive bioinformatics tools and antagomir inhibition, these persistent microRNAs are shown to destabilize the mRNA of genes with known or potential roles in cartilage biology including FGF18, TGFBR2, TET1, STOX2, ARAP2, N4BP2L1, LHX9, NFIA, and RPS6KA5. These results shed light on the extent to which only a few microRNAs contribute to the complex regulatory environment of hBM-MSCs for engineered tissues. Impact statement MicroRNAs are emerging as important controlling elements in the differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). By using a robust bioinformatic approach and further validation in vitro, here we provide a comprehensive characterization of the microRNA transcriptomes (miRNomes) of a commonly studied and clinically promising source of multipotent cells (hBM-MSCs), a gold standard model of in vitro chondrogenesis (hBM-MSC-derived cartilage organoids), and an attractive in vivo target phenotype for clinically useful engineered cartilage (neonatal articular cartilage). These analyses highlighted a specific set of microRNAs involved in the chondrogenic program that could be manipulated to acquire a more robust articular cartilage-like phenotype. This characterization provides researchers in the cartilage tissue engineering field a useful atlas with which to contextualize microRNA involvement in complex differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Vail
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Address correspondence to: Daniel J. Vail, PhD, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Biomedical Research Building, Room 647C, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Somoza
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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5
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Okutomo K, Fujino N, Yamada M, Saito T, Ono Y, Okada Y, Ichinose M, Sugiura H. Increased LHX9 expression in alveolar epithelial type 2 cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Investig 2021; 60:119-128. [PMID: 34548271 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells serve as stem cells in alveolar epithelium and are assumed to lose their stem cell function in the lungs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although we previously reported that LHX9 mRNA expression was up-regulated in AT2 cells of COPD lung tissues, it is yet to be elucidated how LHX9 is associated with the vulnerability of AT2 cells in COPD. METHODS AT2 cells were isolated from lung tissues of 10 non-COPD subjects and 11 COPD patients. LHX9 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. To identify up-stream molecules, an alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. siRNA-mediated Lhx9 knockdown was performed to determine how Lhx9 affected the cellular viability and the cell-division cycle. RESULTS LHX9 mRNA expression was increased in AT2 cells from COPD lung tissues, compared to those from non-COPD tissues. The airflow obstruction was independently correlated with the increase in LHX9 expression. Among several pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon-γ was a strong inducer of LHX9 expression in A549 cells. Lhx9 was involved in the increased susceptibility to serum starvation-induced death of A549 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that IFN-γ predominantly increases the LHX9 expression which enhances the susceptibility to cell death. Considering the independent association of the increased LHX9 expression in AT2 cells with airflow obstruction, the IFN-γ-Lhx9 axis might contribute to the vulnerability of AT2 cells in the lungs of COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Okutomo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Takuya Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Ono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 980 8575, Japan
| | | | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
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Khanshour AM, Kidane YH, Kozlitina J, Cornelia R, Rafipay A, De Mello V, Weston M, Paria N, Khalid A, Hecht JT, Dobbs MB, Richards BS, Vargesson N, Hamra FK, Wilson M, Wise C, Gurnett CA, Rios JJ. Genetic association and characterization of FSTL5 in isolated clubfoot. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:3717-3728. [PMID: 33105483 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Talipes equinovarus (clubfoot, TEV) is a congenital rotational foot deformity occurring in 1 per 1000 births with increased prevalence in males compared with females. The genetic etiology of isolated clubfoot (iTEV) remains unclear. Using a genome-wide association study, we identified a locus within FSTL5, encoding follistatin-like 5, significantly associated with iTEV. FSTL5 is an uncharacterized gene whose potential role in embryonic and postnatal development was previously unstudied. Utilizing multiple model systems, we found that Fstl5 was expressed during later stages of embryonic hindlimb development, and, in mice, expression was restricted to the condensing cartilage anlage destined to form the limb skeleton. In the postnatal growth plate, Fstl5 was specifically expressed in prehypertrophic chondrocytes. As Fstl5 knockout rats displayed no gross malformations, we engineered a conditional transgenic mouse line (Fstl5LSL) to overexpress Fstl5 in skeletal osteochondroprogenitors. We observed that hindlimbs were slightly shorter and that bone mineral density was reduced in adult male, but not female, Prrx1-cre;Fstl5LSL mice compared with control. No overt clubfoot-like deformity was observed in Prrx1-cre;Fstl5LSL mice, suggesting FSTL5 may function in other cell types to contribute to iTEV pathogenesis. Interrogating published mouse embryonic single-cell expression data showed that Fstl5 was expressed in cell lineage subclusters whose transcriptomes were associated with neural system development. Moreover, our results suggest that lineage-specific expression of the Fstl genes correlates with their divergent roles as modulators of transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Results from this study associate FSTL5 with iTEV and suggest a potential sexually dimorphic role for Fstl5 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas M Khanshour
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Julia Kozlitina
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Reuel Cornelia
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Alexandra Rafipay
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Vanessa De Mello
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Mitchell Weston
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nandina Paria
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Aysha Khalid
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew B Dobbs
- Paley Orthopedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - B Stephens Richards
- Department of Orthopaedics, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - F Kent Hamra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Megan Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Carol Wise
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan J Rios
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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7
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Lhx2/9 and Etv1 Transcription Factors have Complementary roles in Regulating the Expression of Guidance Genes slit1 and sema3a. Neuroscience 2020; 434:66-82. [PMID: 32200077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During neural network development, growing axons read a map of guidance cues expressed in the surrounding tissue that lead the axons toward their targets. In particular, Xenopus retinal ganglion axons use the cues Slit1 and Semaphorin 3a (Sema3a) at a key guidance decision point in the mid-diencephalon in order to continue on to their midbrain target, the optic tectum. The mechanisms that control the expression of these cues, however, are poorly understood. Extrinsic Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) signals are known to help coordinate the development of the brain by regulating gene expression. Here, we propose Lhx2/9 and Etv1 as potential downstream effectors of Fgf signalling to regulate slit1 and sema3a expression in the Xenopus forebrain. We find that lhx2/9 and etv1 mRNAs are expressed complementary to and within slit1/sema3a expression domains, respectively. Our data indicate that Lhx2 functions as an indirect repressor in that lhx2 overexpression within the forebrain downregulates the mRNA expression of both guidance genes, and in vitro lhx2/9 overexpression decreases the activity of slit1 and sema3a promoters. The Lhx2-VP16 constitutive activator fusion reduces sema3a promoter function, and the Lhx2-En constitutive repressor fusion increases slit1 induction. In contrast, etv1 gain of function transactivates both guidance genes in vitro and in the forebrain. Based on these data, together with our previous work, we hypothesize that Fgf signalling promotes both slit1 and sema3a expression in the forebrain through Etv1, while using Lhx2/9 to limit the extent of expression, thereby establishing the proper boundaries of guidance cue expression.
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8
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Li SQ, Tu C, Wan L, Chen RQ, Duan ZX, Ren XL, Li ZH. FGF-induced LHX9 regulates the progression and metastasis of osteosarcoma via FRS2/TGF-β/β-catenin pathway. Cell Div 2019; 14:13. [PMID: 31788020 PMCID: PMC6876112 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and tumor growth factor-β (TGFβ) have emerged as pivotal regulators during the progression of osteosarcoma (OS). LHX9 is one crucial transcription factor controlled by FGF, however, its function in OS has not been investigated yet. Methods The expression of LHX9, FRS2, BMP4, TGF-beta R1, SMAD2, beta-catenin and metastasis-related proteins was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay were employed to determine the proliferation of OS cells, while scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to evaluate their migration and invasion, respectively. In vivo tumor growth and metastasis were determined by subcutaneous or intravenous injection of OS cells into nude mice. Results LHX9 expression was evidently up-regulated in OS tumor tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LHX9 impaired the proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of OS cells. Mechanistically, LHX9 silencing led to the down-regulation of BMP-4, β-catenin and metastasis-related proteins, which was also observed in beta-catenin knockdown OS cells. By contrast, FRS2 knockdown conduced to the up-regulation of LHX9, BMP4, β-catenin and TGF-βR1, while TGF-beta inhibition repressed the expression of LHX9 and metastasis-related proteins. Additionally, let-7c modulates LHX9 and metastasis-related proteins by suppressing TGF-beta R1 expression on transcriptional level. Conclusions This study revealed LHX9 was essential for the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of OS cells via FGF and TGF-β/β-catenin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Qing Li
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tu
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wan
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qi Chen
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xi Duan
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ren
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renming Road, Changsha, 410010 Hunan People's Republic of China
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9
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Goncalves TM, Southey BR, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Interplay Between Amphetamine and Activity Level in Gene Networks of the Mouse Striatum. Bioinform Biol Insights 2018; 12:1177932218815152. [PMID: 30559594 PMCID: PMC6291885 DOI: 10.1177/1177932218815152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychostimulant amphetamine can be prescribed to ameliorate the symptoms of narcolepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and to facilitate weight loss. This stimulant can also have negative effects including toxicity and addiction risk. The impact of amphetamine on gene networks is partially understood and this study addresses this gap in consideration of the physical activity. The striata of mice exposed to either amphetamine or saline treatment were compared in a mouse line selected for home cage physical overactivity, a phenotype that can be mitigated with amphetamine, and in a contemporary control line using RNA-seq. Genes presenting opposite expression patterns between treatments across lines included a pseudogene of coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 gene (Chchd2), ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (Rpph1), short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2), transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (Trpm6), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9 (Tnfrsf9). Genes presenting consistent treatment patterns across lines, albeit at different levels of significance included cholecystokinin (Cck), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (Vip), arginine vasopressin (Avp), oxytocin/neurophysin (Oxt), thyrotropin releasing hormone (Trh), neurotensin (Nts), angiotensinogen (Agt), galanin (Gal), prolactin receptor (Prlr), and calcitonin receptor (Calcr). Potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 6 (Kcnj6), and retinoic acid-related (RAR)-related orphan receptor alpha (Rora) were similarly differentially expressed between treatments across lines. Functional categories enriched among the genes presenting line-dependent amphetamine effect included genes coding for neuropeptides and associated with memory and neuroplasticity and synaptic signaling, energy, and redox processes. A line-dependent association between amphetamine exposure and the synaptic signaling genes neurogranin (Nrgn) and synaptic membrane exocytosis 1(Rims1) was highlighted in the gene networks. Our findings advance the understanding of molecular players and networks affected by amphetamine in support of the development of activity-targeted therapies that may capitalize on the benefits of this psychostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia M Goncalves
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce R Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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10
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Tester DJ, Wong LCH, Chanana P, Gray B, Jaye A, Evans JM, Evans M, Fleming P, Jeffrey I, Cohen M, Tfelt-Hansen J, Simpson MA, Behr ER, Ackerman MJ. Exome-Wide Rare Variant Analyses in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. J Pediatr 2018; 203:423-428.e11. [PMID: 30268395 PMCID: PMC6394853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a monogenic basis explains sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) using an exome-wide focus. STUDY DESIGN A cohort of 427 unrelated cases of SIDS (257 male; average age = 2.7 ± 1.9 months) underwent whole-exome sequencing. Exome-wide rare variant analyses were carried out with 278 SIDS cases of European ancestry (173 male; average age = 2.7 ± 1.98 months) and 973 ethnic-matched controls based on 6 genetic models. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also was performed. The cohort was collected in collaboration with coroners, medical examiners, and pathologists by St George's University of London, United Kingdom, and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Whole-exome sequencing was performed at the Genomic Laboratory, Kings College London, United Kingdom, or Mayo Clinic's Medical Genome Facility, Rochester, Minnesota. RESULTS Although no exome-wide significant (P < 2.5 × 10-6) difference in burden of ultra-rare variants was detected for any gene, 405 genes had a greater prevalence (P < .05) of ultra-rare nonsynonymous variants among cases with 17 genes at P < .005. Some of these potentially overrepresented genes may represent biologically plausible novel candidate genes for a monogenic basis for a portion of patients with SIDS. The top canonical pathway identified was glucocorticoid biosynthesis (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS The lack of exome-wide significant genetic associations indicates an extreme heterogeneity of etiologies underlying SIDS. Our approach to understanding the genetic mechanisms of SIDS has far reaching implications for the SIDS research community as a whole and may catalyze new evidence-based SIDS research across multiple disciplines. Perturbations in glucocorticoid biosynthesis may represent a novel SIDS-associated biological pathway for future SIDS investigative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tester
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Leonie C H Wong
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's University Hospitals' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Belinda Gray
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's University Hospitals' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amie Jaye
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared M Evans
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Margaret Evans
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fleming
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Jeffrey
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Cohen
- Histopathology Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS FT, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George's University Hospitals' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart Rhythm Services), Pediatrics (Division of Pediatric Cardiology), Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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11
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Yang Y, Workman S, Wilson M. The molecular pathways underlying early gonadal development. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 62:JME-17-0314. [PMID: 30042122 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The body of knowledge surrounding reproductive development spans the fields of genetics, anatomy, physiology and biomedicine, to build a comprehensive understanding of the later stages of reproductive development in humans and animal models. Despite this, there remains much to learn about the bi-potential progenitor structure that the ovary and testis arise from, known as the genital ridge (GR). This tissue forms relatively late in embryonic development and has the potential to form either the ovary or testis, which in turn produce hormones required for development of the rest of the reproductive tract. It is imperative that we understand the genetic networks underpinning GR development if we are to begin to understand abnormalities in the adult. This is particularly relevant in the contexts of disorders of sex development (DSDs) and infertility, two conditions that many individuals struggle with worldwide, with often no answers as to their aetiology. Here, we review what is known about the genetics of GR development. Investigating the genetic networks required for GR formation will not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of reproductive development, it may in turn open new avenues of investigation into reproductive abnormalities and later fertility issues in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Yang
- Y Yang, Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Megan Wilson
- M Wilson , Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Watson BA, Feenstra JM, Van Arsdale JM, Rai-Bhatti KS, Kim DJH, Coggins AS, Mattison GL, Yoo S, Steinman ED, Pira CU, Gongol BR, Oberg KC. LHX2 Mediates the FGF-to-SHH Regulatory Loop during Limb Development. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:E13. [PMID: 29914077 PMCID: PMC6027391 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During limb development, fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) govern proximal⁻distal outgrowth and patterning. FGFs also synchronize developmental patterning between the proximal⁻distal and anterior⁻posterior axes by maintaining Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in cells of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) in the distal posterior mesoderm. Shh, in turn, maintains Fgfs in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that caps the distal tip of the limb bud. Crosstalk between Fgf and Shh signaling is critical for patterned limb development, but the mechanisms underlying this feedback loop are not well-characterized. Implantation of Fgf beads in the proximal posterior limb bud can maintain SHH expression in the former ZPA domain (evident 3 h after application), while prolonged exposure (24 h) can induce SHH outside of this domain. Although temporally and spatially disparate, comparative analysis of transcriptome data from these different populations accentuated genes involved in SHH regulation. Comparative analysis identified 25 candidates common to both treatments, with eight linked to SHH expression or function. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LHX2, a LIM Homeodomain transcription factor, is an intermediate in the FGF-mediated regulation of SHH. Our data suggest that LHX2 acts as a competency factor maintaining distal posterior SHH expression subjacent to the AER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy A Watson
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Van Arsdale
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Karndeep S Rai-Bhatti
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Diana J H Kim
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Ashley S Coggins
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Gennaya L Mattison
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Stephen Yoo
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Eric D Steinman
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Charmaine U Pira
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Brendan R Gongol
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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13
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Zhou Y, Mao F, He Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Xiang Z, Xiao S, Ma H, Zhang Y, Yu Z. The Molecular Mechanism Underlying Pro-apoptotic Role of Hemocytes Specific Transcriptional Factor Lhx9 in Crassostrea hongkongensis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:612. [PMID: 29892231 PMCID: PMC5985316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes are the central organ of immune defense against pathogens by means of inflammation, phagocytosis, and encapsulation in mollusks. The well-functioning of the host immune system relies on the hemocytes’ task exertion and frequent renewal, but the underlying renewal mechanism remains elusive at the gene level. Here, we identified one transcription factor, LIM homeobox 9, in Crassostrea hongkongensis (ChLhx9) that could be involved in hemocyte apoptosis or renewal. ChLhx9 contains a homeodomain and two LIM domains. The expression profile of ChLhx9 showed that it was specific and had high expression in hemocytes, and it significantly increased under the bacterial challenge. RNA interference of ChLhx9 dramatically decreased the apoptosis rate of hemocytes when compared with a control group, which strongly implies its pro-apoptotic role in hemocytes. Furthermore, the genomic responses to the knockdown of ChLhx9 were examined through RNA-seq, which showed that multiple pathways associated with cell apoptosis, including the apoptosis pathway, hippo signal pathway and p53 signaling pathway, were significantly down-regulated. Meanwhile, seven of the key apoptotic genes were confirmed to be upregulated by ChLhx9, among which ChASPP1 (apoptosis stimulating protein of p53) was confirmed to induce hemocyte apoptosis strongly, which demonstrates that ChASPP1 was a downstream target mediated by ChLhx9 that caused apoptosis. In conclusion, tissue-specific transcription factor ChLhx9 induces hemocyte apoptosis through activating apoptotic genes or pathways, which could contribute to hemocyte renewal and immune defense in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Hu F, Zhu Q, Sun B, Cui C, Li C, Zhang L. Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1 promotes LIM‐homeobox gene 9 degradation and represses testosterone production in Leydig cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:4627-4640. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701480r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Qiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Banruo Sun
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Chunping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric EndocrinologyChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ProteomicsBeijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center of Protein SciencesBeijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
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15
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Zhao W, Huang Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Ji H, Wang C, Cao N, Li C, Xia Y, Jiang Q, Qin J. Polycomb group RING finger proteins 3/5 activate transcription via an interaction with the pluripotency factor Tex10 in embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21527-21537. [PMID: 29054931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic transcriptional repressors that orchestrate numerous developmental processes and have been implicated in the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell state. More recent evidence suggests that a subset of PcG proteins engages in transcriptional activation in some cellular contexts, but how this property is exerted remains largely unknown. Here, we generated ES cells with single or combined disruption of polycomb group RING finger protein 3 (Pcgf3) and Pcgf5 with the CRISPR-Cas9 technique. We report that although these mutant cells maintained their self-renewal and colony-forming capacity, they displayed severe defects in mesoderm differentiation in vitro and in vivo Using RNA-seq to analyze transcriptional profiles of ES cells with single or combined Pcgf3/5 deficiencies, we found that in contrast to the canonical role of the related polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) in gene repression, Pcgf3/5 mainly function as transcriptional activators driving expression of many genes involved in mesoderm differentiation. Proteomic approaches and promoter occupancy analyses helped to establish an extended Pcgf3/5 interactome and identified several novel Pcgf3/5 interactors. These included testis-expressed 10 (Tex10), which may directly contribute to transcriptional activation via the transcriptional co-activator p300. Furthermore, Pcgf3/5 deletion in ES cells substantially reduced the occupancy of Tex10 and p300 at target genes. Finally, we demonstrated that Pcgf3/5 are essential for regulating global levels of the histone modifier H2AK119ub1 in ES cells. Our findings establish Pcgf3/5 as transcriptional activators that interact with Tex10 and p300 in ES cells and point to redundant activity of Pcgf3/5 in pluripotency maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wukui Zhao
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Yikai Huang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Mengjie Liu
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Haijing Ji
- the College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014
| | - Congcong Wang
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Ning Cao
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Chaojun Li
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061
| | - Yin Xia
- the School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and
| | - Qing Jiang
- the Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 21008, China
| | - Jinzhong Qin
- From the MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061,
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16
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Basit S, Khoshhal KI. Genetics of clubfoot; recent progress and future perspectives. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 61:107-113. [PMID: 28919208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clubfoot or talipes equinovarus (TEV) is an inborn three-dimensional deformity of leg, ankle and foot. It results from structural defects of several tissues of foot and lower leg leading to abnormal positioning of foot and ankle joints. TEV can lead to long-lasting functional disability, malformation and discomfort if left untreated. Substantial progress has been achieved in the management and diagnosis of limb defects; however, not much is known about the molecular players and signalling pathways underlying TEV disorder. The homeostasis and development of the limb depends on the complex interactions between the lateral plate mesoderm cells and outer ectoderm. These complex interactions include HOX signalling and PITX1-TBX4 pathways. The susceptibility to develop TEV is determined by a number of environmental and genetic factors, although the nature and level of interplay between them remains unclear. Familial occurrence and inter and intra phenotypic variability of TEV is well documented. Variants in genes that code for contractile proteins of skeletal myofibers might play a role in the aetiology of TEV but, to date, no strong candidate genes conferring increased risk have emerged, although variants in TBX4, PITX1, HOXA, HOXC and HOXD clusters genes, NAT2 and others have been shown to be associated with TEV. The mechanisms by which variants in these genes confer risk and the nature of the physical and genetic interaction between them remains to be determined. Elucidation of genetic players and cellular pathways underlying TEV will certainly increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of this deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulman Basit
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid I Khoshhal
- College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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