1
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Krążek M, Wojciechowicz T, Fiedorowicz J, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. Neuronostatin regulates proliferation and differentiation of rat brown primary preadipocytes. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1996-2010. [PMID: 38794908 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuronostatin suppresses the differentiation of white preadipocytes. However, the role of neuronostatin in brown adipose tissue remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the impact of neuronostatin on the proliferation and differentiation of isolated rat brown preadipocytes. We report that neuronostatin and its receptor (GPR107) are synthesized in brown preadipocytes and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, neuronostatin promotes the replication of brown preadipocytes via the AKT pathway. Notably, neuronostatin suppresses the expression of markers associated with brown adipogenesis (PGC-1α, PPARγ, PRDM16, and UCP1) and reduces cellular mitochondria content. Moreover, neuronostatin impedes the differentiation of preadipocytes by activating the JNK signaling pathway. These effects were not mimicked by somatostatin. Our results suggest that neuronostatin is involved in regulating brown adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Krążek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tatiana Wojciechowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mathias Z Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany
| | - Krzysztof W Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kalisz, Poland
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Wang S, Yang J, Li G, Ding R, Zhuang Z, Ruan D, Wu J, Yang H, Zheng E, Cai G, Wang X, Wu Z. Identification of Homozygous Regions With Adverse Effects on the Five Economic Traits of Duroc Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:855933. [PMID: 35573406 PMCID: PMC9096619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.855933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are widely used to estimate genomic inbreeding, which is linked to inbreeding depression on phenotypes. However, the adverse effects of specific homozygous regions on phenotypic characteristics are rarely studied in livestock. In this study, the 50 K SNP data of 3,770 S21 Duroc (American origin) and 2,096 S22 Duroc (Canadian origin) pigs were used to investigate the harmful ROH regions on five economic traits. The results showed that the two Duroc lines had different numbers and distributions of unfavorable ROHs, which may be related to the different selection directions and intensities between the two lines. A total of 114 and 58 ROH segments were found with significant adverse effects on the economic traits of S21 and S22 pigs, respectively. Serval pleiotropic ROHs were detected to reduce two or multiple phenotypic performances in two Duroc populations. Candidate genes in these shared regions were mainly related to growth, fertility, immunity, and fat deposition. We also observed that some ROH genotypes may cause opposite effects on different traits. This study not only enhances our understanding of the adverse effects of ROH on phenotypes, but also indicates that ROH information could be incorporated into breeding programs to estimate and control the detrimental effects of homozygous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixin Li
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhuang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Ruan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Wang
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Zhenfang Wu
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3
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Zhang X, Li TY, Xiao HM, Ehrlich KC, Shen H, Deng HW, Ehrlich M. Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Prioritization of Candidate Obesity-Risk Regulatory GWAS SNPs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1271. [PMID: 35163195 PMCID: PMC8836216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concern about rising rates of obesity has prompted searches for obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Identifying plausible regulatory SNPs is very difficult partially because of linkage disequilibrium. We used an unusual epigenomic and transcriptomic analysis of obesity GWAS-derived SNPs in adipose versus heterologous tissues. From 50 GWAS and 121,064 expanded SNPs, we prioritized 47 potential causal regulatory SNPs (Tier-1 SNPs) for 14 gene loci. A detailed examination of seven loci revealed that four (CABLES1, PC, PEMT, and FAM13A) had Tier-1 SNPs positioned so that they could regulate use of alternative transcription start sites, resulting in different polypeptides being generated or different amounts of an intronic microRNA gene being expressed. HOXA11 and long noncoding RNA gene RP11-392O17.1 had Tier-1 SNPs in their 3' or promoter region, respectively, and strong preferences for expression in subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue. ZBED3-AS1 had two intragenic Tier-1 SNPs, each of which could contribute to mediating obesity risk through modulating long-distance chromatin interactions. Our approach not only revealed especially credible novel regulatory SNPs, but also helped evaluate previously highlighted obesity GWAS SNPs that were candidates for transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.Z.); (K.C.E.); (H.S.)
| | - Tian-Ying Li
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (T.-Y.L.); (H.-M.X.)
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- Center for System Biology, Data Sciences, and Reproductive Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (T.-Y.L.); (H.-M.X.)
| | - Kenneth C. Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.Z.); (K.C.E.); (H.S.)
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.Z.); (K.C.E.); (H.S.)
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.Z.); (K.C.E.); (H.S.)
| | - Melanie Ehrlich
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Division of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (X.Z.); (K.C.E.); (H.S.)
- Tulane Cancer Center and Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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4
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Zhao B, Pan Y, Qiao L, Liu J, Yang K, Liang Y, Liu W. miR-301a inhibits adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal vascular fractions by targeting HOXC8 in sheep. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13661. [PMID: 34856652 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate adipogenic differentiation in stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) through post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factors and other functional genes. miR-301 and the homeobox C8 (HOXC8) gene are involved in lipid homeostasis; however, their roles in the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs are unknown. Here, we explored the effects of miR-301 and HOXC8 on adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs and the regulatory role of miR-301a in HOXC8 expression. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of miR-301a and HOXC8 on the mRNA abundance of adipogenic markers and the ability of ovine SVFs to accumulate lipids. We found that miR-301a regulates adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of HOXC8, resulting in significant downregulation of the HOXC8 mRNA and protein. Moreover, miR-301a overexpression suppressed adipogenic differentiation in ovine SVFs and significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenesis-related genes-including adiponectin, C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4. Conversely, HOXC8 overexpression in ovine SVFs increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and remarkably promoted the expression of adipogenic markers. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-301a attenuates the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs by targeting HOXC8. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of lipid accumulation and metabolism in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishi Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Wenzhong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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5
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Watanabe M, Risi R, Tafuri MA, Silvestri V, D'Andrea D, Raimondo D, Rea S, Di Vincenzo F, Profico A, Tuccinardi D, Sciuto R, Basciani S, Mariani S, Lubrano C, Cinti S, Ottini L, Manzi G, Gnessi L. Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23290. [PMID: 34857816 PMCID: PMC8639971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation, besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians, collected in the second half of XIX century, were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in modern humans living in temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection against major cold-related damage. These results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of human–environment interactions during Humankind history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Watanabe
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Renata Risi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anne Tafuri
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniel D'Andrea
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Domenico Raimondo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Rea
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Vincenzo
- Natural History Museum-University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Italian Institute of Human Paleontology (IsIPU), Anagni-Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Profico
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sciuto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basciani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariani
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Park M, Kim KH, Jaiswal V, Choi J, Chun JL, Seo KM, Lee MJ, Lee HJ. Effect of black ginseng and silkworm supplementation on obesity, the transcriptome, and the gut microbiome of diet-induced overweight dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16334. [PMID: 34381138 PMCID: PMC8358025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Like humans, weight control in overweight dogs is associated with a longer life expectancy and a healthier life. Dietary supplements are one of the best strategies for controlling obesity and obesity-associated diseases. This study was conducted to assess the potential of black ginseng (BG) and silkworm (SW) as supplements for weight control in diet-induced overweight beagle dogs. To investigate the changes that occur in dogs administered the supplements, different obesity-related parameters, such as body condition score (BCS), blood fatty acid profile, transcriptome, and microbiome, were assessed in high energy diet (HD) and HD with BG + SW supplementation (HDT) groups of test animals. After 12 weeks of BG + SW supplementation, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were reduced in the HDT group. In the transcriptome analysis, nine genes (NUGGC, EFR3B, RTP4, ACAN, HOXC4, IL17RB, SOX13, SLC18A2, and SOX4) that are known to be associated with obesity were found to be differentially expressed between the ND (normal diet) and HD groups as well as the HD and HDT groups. Significant changes in some taxa were observed between the HD and ND groups. These data suggest that the BG + SW supplement could be developed as dietary interventions against diet-induced obesity, and obesity-related differential genes could be important candidates in the mechanism of the anti-obesity effects of the BG + SW supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miey Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jihee Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ju Lan Chun
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Kang Min Seo
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Lee
- Clinical Nutritional Medicine, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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7
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Holzman MA, Ryckman A, Finkelstein TM, Landry-Truchon K, Schindler KA, Bergmann JM, Jeannotte L, Mansfield JH. HOXA5 Participates in Brown Adipose Tissue and Epaxial Skeletal Muscle Patterning and in Brown Adipocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632303. [PMID: 33732701 PMCID: PMC7959767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays critical thermogenic, metabolic and endocrine roles in mammals, and aberrant BAT function is associated with metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes. The major BAT depots are clustered at the neck and forelimb levels, and arise largely within the dermomyotome of somites, from a common progenitor with skeletal muscle. However, many aspects of BAT embryonic development are not well understood. Hoxa5 patterns other tissues at the cervical and brachial levels, including skeletal, neural and respiratory structures. Here, we show that Hoxa5 also positively regulates BAT development, while negatively regulating formation of epaxial skeletal muscle. HOXA5 protein is expressed in embryonic preadipocytes and adipocytes as early as embryonic day 12.5. Hoxa5 null mutant embryos and rare, surviving adults show subtly reduced iBAT and sBAT formation, as well as aberrant marker expression, lower adipocyte density and altered lipid droplet morphology. Conversely, the epaxial muscles that arise from a common dermomyotome progenitor are expanded in Hoxa5 mutants. Conditional deletion of Hoxa5 with Myf5/Cre can reproduce both BAT and epaxial muscle phenotypes, indicating that HOXA5 is necessary within Myf5-positive cells for proper BAT and epaxial muscle development. However, recombinase-based lineage tracing shows that Hoxa5 does not act cell-autonomously to repress skeletal muscle fate. Interestingly, Hoxa5-dependent regulation of adipose-associated transcripts is conserved in lung and diaphragm, suggesting a shared molecular role for Hoxa5 in multiple tissues. Together, these findings establish a role for Hoxa5 in embryonic BAT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Holzman
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abigail Ryckman
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tova M. Finkelstein
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kyra A. Schindler
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jenna M. Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer H. Mansfield
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Bmi1 restricts the adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to maintain the integrity of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Exp Hematol 2019; 76:24-37. [PMID: 31408689 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The polycomb group protein Bmi1 maintains hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions. We previously reported that Bmi1-deficient mice exhibited progressive fatty changes in bone marrow (BM). A large portion of HSCs reside in the perivascular niche created partly by endothelial cells and leptin receptor+ (LepR+) BM stromal cells. To clarify how Bmi1 regulates the HSC niche, we specifically deleted Bmi1 in LepR+ cells in mice. The Bmi1 deletion promoted the adipogenic differentiation of LepR+ stromal cells and caused progressive fatty changes in the BM of limb bones with age, resulting in reductions in the numbers of HSCs and progenitors in BM and enhanced extramedullary hematopoiesis. This adipogenic change was also evident during BM regeneration after irradiation. Several adipogenic regulator genes appeared to be regulated by Bmi1. Our results indicate that Bmi1 keeps the adipogenic differentiation program repressed in BM stromal cells to maintain the integrity of the HSC niche.
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9
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Chakraborty A, Barajas S, Lammoglia GM, Reyna AJ, Morley TS, Johnson JA, Scherer PE, Rutkowski JM. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-D (VEGF-D) Overexpression and Lymphatic Expansion in Murine Adipose Tissue Improves Metabolism in Obesity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:924-939. [PMID: 30878136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obese adipose tissue expansion is an inflammatory process that results in dysregulated lipolysis, increased circulating lipids, ectopic lipid deposition, and systemic insulin resistance. Lymphatic vessels provide a route of fluid, macromolecule, and immune cell clearance, and lymphangiogenesis increases this capability. Indeed, inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis is critical in resolving acute and chronic inflammation, but it is largely absent in obese adipose tissue. Enhancing adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis could, therefore, improve metabolism in obesity. To test this hypothesis, transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-D under a tightly controlled Tet-On promoter were crossed with adipocyte-specific adiponectin-reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator mice (Adipo-VD) to stimulate adipose tissue-specific lymphangiogenesis during 16-week high-fat diet-induced obesity. Adipose VEGF-D overexpression induced de novo lymphangiogenesis in murine adipose tissue, and obese Adipo-VD mice exhibited enhanced glucose clearance, lower insulin levels, and reduced liver triglycerides. On β-3 adrenergic stimulation, Adipo-VD mice exhibited more rapid and increased glycerol flux from adipose tissue, suggesting that the lymphatics are a potential route of glycerol clearance. Resident macrophage crown-like structures were scarce and total F4/80+ macrophages were reduced in obese Adipo-VD s.c. adipose tissue with evidence of increased immune trafficking from the tissue. Augmenting VEGF-D signaling and lymphangiogenesis specifically in adipose tissue, therefore, reduces obesity-associated immune accumulation and improves metabolic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Chakraborty
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Sheridan Barajas
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Gabriela M Lammoglia
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Andrea J Reyna
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station.
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10
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Yuan X, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Wang S, Bi Y, Dai W, Shen X, Gu T, Pan R, Song Q, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chang G, Chen G. Embryonic morphology observation and HOXC8 gene expression in crest cushions of Chinese Crested duck. Gene 2019; 688:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Schubert MF, Noah AC, Bedi A, Gumucio JP, Mendias CL. Reduced Myogenic and Increased Adipogenic Differentiation Capacity of Rotator Cuff Muscle Stem Cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:228-238. [PMID: 30730482 PMCID: PMC6791507 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.18.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat accumulation commonly occurs in chronically torn rotator cuff muscles, and increased fat within the rotator cuff is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. The extent of lipid deposition is particularly pronounced in injured rotator cuff muscles compared with other commonly injured muscles such as the gastrocnemius. Satellite cells, which are a tissue-resident muscle stem-cell population, can differentiate into fat cells. We hypothesized that satellite cells from the rotator cuff have greater intrinsic adipogenic differentiation potential than do gastrocnemius satellite cells, and this difference is due to variations in epigenetic imprinting between the cells. METHODS Satellite cells from gastrocnemius and rotator cuff muscles of mice were cultured in adipogenic media, and the capacity to differentiate into mature muscle cells and adipogenic cells was assessed (n ≥ 9 plates per muscle group). We also performed DNA methylation analysis of gastrocnemius and rotator cuff satellite cells to determine whether epigenetic differences were present between the 2 groups (n = 5 mice per group). RESULTS Compared with the gastrocnemius, satellite cells from the rotator cuff had a 23% reduction in myogenic differentiation and an 87% decrease in the expression of the differentiated muscle cell marker MRF4 (myogenic regulatory factor 4). With respect to adipogenesis, rotator cuff satellite cells had a 4.3-fold increase in adipogenesis, a 12-fold increase in the adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), and a 65-fold increase in the adipogenic marker FABP4 (fatty-acid binding protein 4). Epigenetic analysis identified 355 differentially methylated regions of DNA between rotator cuff and gastrocnemius satellite cells, and pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these regions were involved with lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Satellite cells from rotator cuff muscles have reduced myogenic and increased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with gastrocnemius muscles. There appears to be a cellular and genetic basis behind the generally poor rates of rotator cuff muscle healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The reduced myogenic and increased adipogenic capacity of rotator cuff satellite cells is consistent with the increased fat content and poor muscle healing rates often observed for chronically torn rotator cuff muscles. For patients undergoing rotator cuff repair, transplantation of autologous satellite cells from other muscles less prone to fatty infiltration may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. Schubert
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.F.S., A.C.N., A.B, J.P.G, and C.L.M.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.N, J.P.G., and C.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew C. Noah
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.F.S., A.C.N., A.B, J.P.G, and C.L.M.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.N, J.P.G., and C.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.F.S., A.C.N., A.B, J.P.G, and C.L.M.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.N, J.P.G., and C.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathan P. Gumucio
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.F.S., A.C.N., A.B, J.P.G, and C.L.M.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.N, J.P.G., and C.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christopher L. Mendias
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.F.S., A.C.N., A.B, J.P.G, and C.L.M.) and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (A.C.N, J.P.G., and C.L.M.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Study of expression analysis of SIRT4 and the coordinate regulation of bovine adipocyte differentiation by SIRT4 and its transcription factors. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181705. [PMID: 30442871 PMCID: PMC6294651 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins, NAD+-dependent deacylases and ADP-ribosyltransferases, are critical regulators of metabolism involved in many biological processes, and are involved in mediating adaptive responses to the cellular environment. SIRT4 is a mitochondrial sirtuin and has been shown to play a critical role in maintaining insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. As a regulator of lipid homeostasis, SIRT4 can repress fatty acid oxidation and promote lipid anabolism in nutrient-replete conditions. Using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to explore the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of bovine SIRT4 during adipocyte differentiation, we found that bovine SIRT4 is expressed at high levels in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue. SIRT4 knockdown led to decreased expression of adipogenic differentiation marker genes during adipocyte differentiation. The core promoter of bovine SIRT4 was identified in the −402/−60 bp region of the cloned 2-kb fragment containing the 5′-regulatory region. Binding sites were identified in this region for E2F transcription factor-1 (E2F1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), homeobox A5 (HOXA5), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), paired box 4 (PAX4), and cAMP responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) by using Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter gene assay. We also found that E2F1, CEBPβ, and HOXA5 transcriptionally activate SIRT4 expression, whereas, IRF4, PAX4, and CREB1 transcriptionally repress SIRT4 expression. We further verified that SIRT4 knockdown could affect the ability of these transcription factors (TFs) to regulate the differentiation of bovine adipocytes. In conclusion, our results shed light on the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of SIRT4 expression in bovine adipocytes.
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Kato H, Shibahara T, Rahman N, Takakura H, Ohira Y, Izawa T. Effect of a 9-week exercise training regimen on expression of developmental genes related to growth-dependent fat expansion in juvenile rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13880. [PMID: 30284400 PMCID: PMC6170879 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the association between changes in mRNA expression of development-related genes including those of the homeobox (Hox) family and growth-dependent increases in inguinal, mesenteric, and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) at 4, 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age in rats. We also examined the effects of a 9-week exercise training regimen starting at 5 weeks of age on the mRNA levels of the genes of interest. HoxC8, HoxC9, Gpc4, Bmpr1a, Pparγ, Pgc1α, Adrb3, Hsl, leptin, and adiponectin in each type of WAT - except HoxA5, Gpc4, and Pgc1α in epididymal - showed a positive association between WAT weights and WAT mRNA levels; however, the slope of the regression lines exhibited fat depot-specific differences. HoxA5 showed no significant association, and Gpc4 and Pgc1α showed a negative association in epididymal WAT. After exercise training, the mean HoxA5, HoxC8, HoxC9, HoxC10, Gpc4, Pparγ, and Pgc1α mRNA levels in inguinal WAT were outliers on the regression line between mean mRNA level and WAT weight in control rats - that is, mean HoxA5 and Pgc1α mRNA level was higher, whereas HoxC8, HoxC9, HoxC10, Gpc4, and Ppar levels were lower in exercise-trained rats than in same-age controls. Pparγγ and adiponectin levels were upregulated in epididymal WAT, while HoxA5 was downregulated, but HoxC9, Gpc4, Pparγ, and adiponectin levels were upregulated in mesenteric WAT. These results suggest that some of the developmental genes tested may have fat depot-specific roles in the growth-dependent expansion of WAT, and that Hox genes that are activated in response to exercise training also vary among different WAT types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
| | - Takuya Shibahara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
| | - Nazibur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesJahangirnagar UniversitySavarDhakaBangladesh
| | - Hisashi Takakura
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceDoshisha UniversityKyotanabe CityKyotoJapan
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A systematic analysis highlights multiple long non-coding RNAs associated with cardiometabolic disorders. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:431-446. [PMID: 29382920 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many susceptibility loci for cardiometabolic disorders. Most of the associated variants reside in non-coding regions of the genome including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are thought to play critical roles in diverse biological processes. Here, we leveraged data from the available GWAS meta-analyses on lipid and obesity-related traits, blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease and identified 179 associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 102 lncRNAs (p-value < 2.3 × 10-7). Of these, 55 SNPs, either the lead SNP or in strong linkage disequilibrium with the lead SNP in the related loci, were selected for further investigations. Our in silico predictions and functional annotations of the SNPs as well as expression and DNA methylation analysis of their lncRNAs demonstrated several lncRNAs that fulfilled predefined criteria for being potential functional targets. In particular, we found evidence suggesting that LOC157273 (at 8p23.1) is involved in regulating serum lipid-cholesterol. Our results showed that rs4841132 in the second exon and cg17371580 in the promoter region of LOC157273 are associated with lipids; the lncRNA is expressed in liver and associates with the expression of its nearby coding gene, PPP1R3B. Collectively, we highlight a number of loci associated with cardiometabolic disorders for which the association may act through lncRNAs.
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Insight gained from genome-wide interaction and enrichment analysis on weight gain during citalopram treatment. Neurosci Lett 2016; 637:38-43. [PMID: 27899308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain is a possible side effect of the pharmacological antidepressant treatments. Defining antidepressant prescriptions based on personal genetic makeups would decrease the risk of weight gain and increase the quality of the current antidepressant pharmacological treatments. 643 depressed, citalopram treated individuals with available clinical and genome-wide genetic information were investigated to identify the molecular pathways associated with weight gain. 111 individuals experienced weight gain during citalopram treatment. The axon guidance (p.adjust=0.005) and the developmental biology pathway (p.adjust=0.01) were enriched in variations associated with weight gain. The developmental biology pathway includes molecular cascades involved in the regulation of beta-cell development, and the transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation. A number of variations were harbored by genes whose products are involved in the synthesis of collagen (COL4A3, COL5A1 and ITGA1), activity of the thyroid-hormones (NCOR1 and NCOR2), energy metabolism (ADIPOQ, PPARGC1A) and myogenic differentiation (CDON). A molecular pathway analysis conducted in a sample of depressed patients identified new candidate genes whose future investigation may provide insights in the molecular events that drive weight gain during antidepressant treatment.
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