Psychometric properties of the client activation self-efficacy and outcome expectation scales for nurses (CA-SE-n and CA-OE-n) and domestic support workers (CA-SE-d and CA-OE-d): A cross-sectional study

Identifying personal beliefs of nursing staff about encouraging psychogeriatric nursing home residents in daily activities: A qualitative study

AIM

To identify personal beliefs of Dutch nursing staff about encouraging psychogeriatric nursing home residents in daily activities.

DESIGN

Qualitative study following COREQ guidelines.

METHODS

Fifteen semi-structured interviews with Dutch nursing staff of wards hosting psychogeriatric residents were conducted in Spring 2021. Data were systematically analysed through deductive coding analysis in NVivo.

RESULTS

Most nurses indicated to encourage residents frequently to perform activities independently, although many also indicated to take over tasks habitually. Nurses seemed to show sufficient awareness, reflected by adequate knowledge of what encouraging residents entailed and insight in the risks of not encouraging residents. Nurses' motivation to encourage residents seemed high, reflected by expressing multiple advantageous and few disadvantageous beliefs and a high willingness to encourage residents. Managerial support was perceived ambiguous. Self-efficacy was perceived high, although little time, staffing shortages and resistance of residents reduced self-efficacy. Nurses were often unable to anticipate such situations and expressed the need of skills, e.g. patience.

Effectiveness of a reablement training program on self-efficacy and outcome expectations regarding client activation in homecare staff: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Training and supporting homecare staff in reablement aims to change staff behavior from "doing for" to "doing with" older adults, i.e., supporting client activation. We evaluated the effectiveness of the reablement training program "Stay Active at Home" (SAaH) on staff self-efficacy and outcome expectations regarding client activation in a cluster randomized controlled trial. Ten Dutch homecare nursing teams, comprising 135 nursing team members and 178 domestic workers, were randomized into the intervention group (SAaH) or control group (usual care). Data on self-efficacy and outcome expectations were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 months using scales developed for this study. Mixed-effects regression showed no differences between the study groups on either outcome. Therefore, widespread implementation of SAaH in its current form cannot be recommended. More research is needed on the development and psychometric properties of scales to assess staff behavior and behavioral determinants (e.g., self-efficacy and outcomes expectations) regarding client activation.