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Bickel MA, Csik B, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Nyul-Toth A, Conley SM. Cell non-autonomous regulation of cerebrovascular aging processes by the somatotropic axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087053. [PMID: 36755922 PMCID: PMC9900125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cerebrovascular pathologies, ranging from cerebromicrovascular functional and structural alterations to large vessel atherosclerosis, promote the genesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and exacerbate Alzheimer's disease. Recent advances in geroscience, including results from studies on heterochronic parabiosis models, reinforce the hypothesis that cell non-autonomous mechanisms play a key role in regulating cerebrovascular aging processes. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exert multifaceted vasoprotective effects and production of both hormones is significantly reduced in aging. This brief overview focuses on the role of age-related GH/IGF-1 deficiency in the development of cerebrovascular pathologies and VCID. It explores the mechanistic links among alterations in the somatotropic axis, specific macrovascular and microvascular pathologies (including capillary rarefaction, microhemorrhages, impaired endothelial regulation of cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood brain barrier, decreased neurovascular coupling, and atherogenesis) and cognitive impairment. Improved understanding of cell non-autonomous mechanisms of vascular aging is crucial to identify targets for intervention to promote cerebrovascular and brain health in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Lorand Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Fazekas-Pongor V, Péterfi A, Major D, Szarvas Z, Fekete M, Tabak AG, Csiszar A, Sonntag WE, Austad SN, Ungvari ZI. Decreased lifespan in female "Munchkin" actors from the cast of the 1939 film version of The Wizard of Oz does not support the hypothesis linking hypopituitary dwarfism to longevity. GeroScience 2022; 44:2527-2539. [PMID: 36334178 PMCID: PMC9768075 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In laboratory mice, pituitary dwarfism caused by genetic reduction or elimination of the activity of growth hormone (GH) significantly extends lifespan. The effects of congenital pituitary dwarfism on human longevity are not well documented. To analyse the effects of untreated pituitary dwarfism on human lifespan, the longevity of a diverse group of widely known little people, the 124 adults who played "Munchkins" in the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz was investigated. Survival of "Munchkin" actors with those of controls defined as cast members of The Wizard of Oz and those of other contemporary Academy Award winning Hollywood movies was compared. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, survival of female and male "Munchkin" actors was shorter than cast controls and Hollywood controls of respective sexes. Cox regression analyses showed that female "Munchkin" actors had significantly higher risk ratios compared to both female cast controls (RR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.77) and female Hollywood controls (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.24). Similar trends were also discernible for men, albeit point estimates were not significant. The lack of lifespan extension in "Munchkin" actors does not support the hypothesis that hereditary GH deficiency regulates longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Péterfi
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Major
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Szarvas
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1313, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1313, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA
| | - Steven N Austad
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zoltan I Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1313, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA.
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 731042, USA.
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Bailey-Downs LC, Sosnowska D, Toth P, Mitschelen M, Gautam T, Henthorn JC, Ballabh P, Koller A, Farley JA, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Growth hormone and IGF-1 deficiency exacerbate high-fat diet-induced endothelial impairment in obese Lewis dwarf rats: implications for vascular aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 67:553-64. [PMID: 22080499 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the age-related decline in circulating growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels significantly contribute to vascular dysfunction in aging by impairing cellular oxidative stress resistance pathways. Obesity in elderly individuals is increasing at alarming rates, and there is evidence suggesting that elderly individuals are more vulnerable to the deleterious cardiovascular effects of obesity than younger individuals. However, the specific mechanisms through which aging, GH/IGF-1 deficiency, and obesity interact to promote the development of cardiovascular disease remain unclear. To test the hypothesis that low circulating GH/IGF-1 levels exacerbate the pro-oxidant and proinflammatory vascular effects of obesity, GH/IGF-1-deficient Lewis dwarf rats and heterozygous control rats were fed either a standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 months. Feeding an HFD resulted in similar relative weight gains and increases in body fat content in Lewis dwarf rats and control rats. HFD-fed Lewis dwarf rats exhibited a relative increase in blood glucose levels, lower insulin, and impaired glucose tolerance as compared with HFD-fed control rats. Analysis of serum cytokine expression signatures indicated that chronic GH/IGF-1 deficiency exacerbates HFD-induced inflammation. GH/IGF-1 deficiency also exacerbated HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and expression of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, ICAM-1) in aortas of Lewis dwarf rats. Overall, our results are consistent with the available clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that GH/IGF-1 deficiency renders the cardiovascular system more vulnerable to the deleterious effects of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora C Bailey-Downs
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Braverman ER, Chen TJH, Prihoda TJ, Sonntag W, Meshkin B, Downs BW, Mengucci JF, Blum SH, Notaro A, Arcuri V, Varshavskiy M, Blum K. Plasma growth hormones, P300 event-related potential and test of variables of attention (TOVA) are important neuroendocrinological predictors of early cognitive decline in a clinical setting: evidence supported by structural equation modeling (SEM) parameter estimates. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 29:55-67. [PMID: 19424831 PMCID: PMC2267660 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-007-9030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature in both animals and humans reveals that changes in sex hormone have often been associated with changes in behavioral and mental abilities. Previously published research from our laboratory, and others, provides strong evidence that P300 (latency) event-related potential (ERP), a marker of neuronal processing speed, is an accurate predictor of early memory impairment in both males and females across a wide age range. It is our hypothesis, given the vast literature on the subject, that coupling growth hormones (insulin-like growth factor-I, (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3)), P300 event-related potential and test of variables of attention (TOVA) are important neuroendocrinological predictors of early cognitive decline in a clinical setting. To support this hypothesis, we utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) parameter estimates to determine the relationship between aging and memory, as mediated by growth hormone (GH) levels (indirectly measured through the insulin-like growth factor system), P300 latency and TOVA, putative neurocognitive predictors tested in this study. An SEM was developed hypothesizing a causal directive path, leading from age to memory, mediated by IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, P300 latency (speed), and TOVA decrements. An increase in age was accompanied by a decrease in IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, an increase in P300 latency, a prolongation in TOVA response time, and a decrease in memory functioning. Moreover, independent of age, decreases in IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, were accompanied by increases in P300 latency, and were accompanied by increases in TOVA response time. Finally, increases in P300 latency were accompanied by decreased memory function, both directly and indirectly through mediation of TOVA response time. In summary, this is the first report utilizing SEM to reveal the finding that aging affects memory function negatively through mediation of decreased IGF-1 and IGF-BP3, and increased P300 latency (delayed attention and processing speed).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. H. Chen
- Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan, People’s Republic of China
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan People’s Republic of China
| | - Thomas J. Prihoda
- Department of Pathology, University Of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - William Sonntag
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School Of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina USA
| | - Brian Meshkin
- Department of Molecular Nutrition & Nutrigenomics, Salugen, Inc., San Diego, California USA
| | - B. William Downs
- Natural Products Division & Research, Allied Nutraceutical Research, Lederach, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Julie F. Mengucci
- Department of Psychoneurogenetics, Synaptamine, Inc., San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Seth H. Blum
- Department of Psychoneurogenetics, Synaptamine, Inc., San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Alison Notaro
- PATH Research Foundation, New York, NY USA
- Cleveland Clinic, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - Kenneth Blum
- PATH Research Foundation, New York, NY USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School Of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina USA
- Department of Molecular Nutrition & Nutrigenomics, Salugen, Inc., San Diego, California USA
- Department of Psychoneurogenetics, Synaptamine, Inc., San Antonio, Texas USA
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