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Marchand A, Roy D, Monsheimer SA, Lewis J, Ericsson M. Development of a microplate duplex immunoassay to simplify detection of growth hormone doping: Proof of concept. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:724-732. [PMID: 34761559 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits athletes from using recombinant growth hormone (GH). The validated method used in antidoping laboratories for the direct detection of exogenous GH in serum requires two immunoluminometric assays (ILMAs): The first mainly measures the concentration of the full-length (22 kDa) form of GH (recGH), and the second measures concentrations of multiple GH fragments produced by the pituitary gland (22 kDa, 20 kDa and other forms) (pitGH). The tube-by-tube analysis is laborious. A recent development opened new possibilities to simplify the detection of recGH in serum: multiplexed immunoassays that detect multiple targets in a single well of a 96-well plate using an ELISA-like procedure with high sensitivity. Our aim was to evaluate this technology by developing a customized assay for GH detection. One pair of antibodies with specificities similar to those of the recGH assay and one pair of antibodies compatible with pitGH detection were selected for a single duplex assay. Forty-eight serum samples (negative athlete samples and positive samples following GH administration) were analyzed using the two methods. The microplate duplex assay discriminated between the negative athlete samples and the positive controls, although the rec/pit ratios from the duplex assay were lower than those obtained with the ILMAs. This new assay would offer a modern alternative to ILMAs, with fewer analytical steps and a smaller sample volume. However, an adaptation of the decision limits seems mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marchand
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Daisy Roy
- Meso Scale Diagnostics LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Magnus Ericsson
- Département des Analyses, Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD), Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Bigdeli S, Dehghaniyan MH, Amani-Shalamzari S, Rajabi H, Gahreman DE. Functional training with blood occlusion influences muscle quality indices in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Marchand A, Buisson C, Martin L, Martin J, Molina A, Ressiot D. Report on an anti‐doping operation in Guadeloupe: High number of positive cases and inferences about doping habits. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1753-1761. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Marchand
- Analysis DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - C. Buisson
- Analysis DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - L. Martin
- Analysis DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - J.‐A. Martin
- Analysis DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - A. Molina
- Analysis DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 143 avenue Roger Salengro 92290 Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - D. Ressiot
- Control DepartmentAgence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage (AFLD) 8 rue Auber 75009 Paris France
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Bang HS, Seo DY, Chung YM, Oh KM, Park JJ, Arturo F, Jeong SH, Kim N, Han J. Ursolic Acid-induced elevation of serum irisin augments muscle strength during resistance training in men. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:441-6. [PMID: 25352765 PMCID: PMC4211129 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a type of pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid purified from natural plants, can promote skeletal muscle development. We measured the effect of resistance training (RT) with/without UA on skeletal muscle development and related factors in men. Sixteen healthy male participants (age, 29.37±5.14 years; body mass index=27.13±2.16 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to RT (n=7) or RT with UA (RT+UA, n=9) groups. Both groups completed 8 weeks of intervention consisting of 5 sets of 26 exercises, with 10~15 repetitions at 60~80% of 1 repetition maximum and a 60~90-s rest interval between sets, performed 6 times/week. UA or placebo was orally ingested as 1 capsule 3 times/day for 8 weeks. The following factors were measured pre-and post-intervention: body composition, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), irisin, and skeletal muscle strength. Body fat percentage was significantly decreased (p<0.001) in the RT+UA group, despite body weight, body mass index, lean body mass, glucose, and insulin levels remaining unchanged. IGF-1 and irisin were significantly increased compared with baseline levels in the RT+UA group (p<0.05). Maximal right and left extension (p<0.01), right flexion (p<0.05), and left flexion (p<0.001) were significantly increased compared with baseline levels in the RT+UA group. These findings suggest that UA-induced elevation of serum irisin may be useful as an agent for the enhancement of skeletal muscle strength during RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Bang
- Division of Humanities and Social Science, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Dae Yun Seo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Yong Min Chung
- Department of Physical Education, Tongmyong University, Busan 608-711, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mo Oh
- Department of Physical Education, Pukyong University, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Jung Jun Park
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Figueroa Arturo
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee FL 32306, USA
| | - Seung-Hun Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
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Cox HD, Lopes F, Woldemariam GA, Becker JO, Parkin MC, Thomas A, Butch AW, Cowan DA, Thevis M, Bowers LD, Hoofnagle AN. Interlaboratory Agreement of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Concentrations Measured by Mass Spectrometry. Clin Chem 2014; 60:541-8. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.208538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)7 is a key mediator of growth hormone (GH) action and a well-characterized biomarker of GH abuse. Current immunoassays for IGF-1 suffer from poor concordance between platforms, which makes comparison of results between laboratories difficult. Although previous work has demonstrated good interlaboratory imprecision of LC-MS/MS methods when plasma is supplemented with purified proteins, the interlaboratory imprecision of an endogenous protein in the nanogram-per-milliliter concentration range has not been reported.
METHODS
We deployed an LC-MS/MS method to quantify serum IGF-1 in 5 laboratories using 5 different instruments and analyzed 130 healthy human samples and 22 samples from patients with acromegaly. We determined measurement imprecision (CV) for differences due to instrumentation, calibration curve construction, method of calibration, and reference material.
RESULTS
Instrument-dependent variation, exclusive of digestion, across 5 different instrument platforms was determined to be 5.6%. Interlaboratory variation was strongly dependent on calibration. Calibration materials from a single laboratory resulted in less variation than materials made in individual laboratories (CV 5.2% vs 12.8%, respectively). The mean imprecision for 152 samples between the 5 laboratories was 16.0% when a calibration curve was made in each laboratory and 11.1% when a single-point calibration approach was used.
CONCLUSIONS
The interlaboratory imprecision of serum IGF-1 concentrations is acceptable for use of the assay in antidoping laboratories and in standardizing results across clinical laboratories. The primary source of variability is not derived from the sample preparation but from the method of calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly D Cox
- Sports Medicine Research and Testing Laboratory, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Filipe Lopes
- Drug Control Centre, Analytical and Environmental Science Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jessica O Becker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark C Parkin
- Drug Control Centre, Analytical and Environmental Science Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Thomas
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - David A Cowan
- Drug Control Centre, Analytical and Environmental Science Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Abstract
Athletes have been misusing growth hormone (GH) for its anabolic and metabolic effects since the early 1980s, at least a decade before endocrinologists began to treat adults with GH deficiency. Although there is an ongoing debate about whether GH is performance enhancing, recent studies suggest that GH improves strength and sprint capacity, particularly when combined with anabolic steroids. The detection of GH misuse is challenging because it is an endogenous hormone. Two approaches have been developed to detect GH misuse; the first is based on the measurement of pituitary GH isoforms and the ratio of 22-kDa isoform to total GH. The second is based on the measurement of insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P-III-NP) which increase in a dose-dependent manner in response to GH administration. Both methodologies have been approved by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and have led to the detection of a number of athletes misusing GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. G. Holt
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
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