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van den Dorpel JJA, Mackenbach MJ, Dremmen MHG, van der Vlugt WMC, Rizopoulos D, van Doorn PA, van der Ploeg AT, Muetzel R, van der Beek NAME, van den Hout JMP. Long term survival in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease reveals a spectrum with progressive brain abnormalities and changes in cognitive functioning. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38584574 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this longitudinal cohort study, is to provide more insight into the pattern of brain abnormalities, and possible consequences for cognitive functioning, in patients with classic infantile Pompe disease. We included 19 classic infantile Pompe patients (median age last assessment 8.9 years, range 1.5-22.5 years; 5/19 CRIM negative), treated with ERT. Using MR imaging of the brain (T1, T2, and FLAIR acquisitions), we classified progression of brain abnormalities on a 12-point rating scale at multiple time points throughout follow-up. Additionally we noted specific white matter patterns and examined atrophy. Cognitive development was studied using Wechsler IQ assessments obtained by certified neuropsychologists. The association between age and cognitive functioning, and MRI ratings and cognitive functioning was assessed by linear regression models. All but one patient developed brain abnormalities. The abnormalities progressed in a similar pattern throughout the brain, with early involvement of periventricular white matter, later followed by subcortical white matter, gray matter structures, and juxtacortical U-fibers. We found a significant decline (p < 0.01), with increasing age for full scale IQ, performance IQ and processing speed, but not for verbal IQ (p = 0.17). Each point increment in the 12-point MRI rating scale was associated with a significant decline (3.1-6.0 points) in all the IQ index scores (p < 0.05). The majority of long-term surviving patients in our cohort develop incremental brain MRI abnormalities and decline in cognitive functioning. This highlights the need for new therapies that can cross the blood-brain barrier in order to treat this CNS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J A van den Dorpel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
| | - M J Mackenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
| | - M H G Dremmen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W M C van der Vlugt
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P A van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
| | - A T van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
| | - R Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A M E van der Beek
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
| | - J M P van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, The Netherlands
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Kenney-Jung D, Korlimarla A, Spiridigliozzi GA, Wiggins W, Malinzak M, Nichting G, Jung SH, Sun A, Wang RY, Al Shamsi A, Phornphutkul C, Owens J, Provenzale JM, Kishnani PS. Severe CNS involvement in a subset of long-term treated children with infantile-onset Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 141:108119. [PMID: 38184429 PMCID: PMC11080415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard of care for patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), which does not cross the blood brain barrier. While neuromuscular manifestations of IOPD are well-described, central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of this disorder are far less characterized. Here we describe severe CNS-related neurological manifestations including seizures and encephalopathy in six individuals with IOPD. METHOD We identified six children with IOPD who developed CNS manifestations such as seizures and/or encephalopathy. We studied their brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRIs) and graded the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMHI) using the Fazekas scale scoring system as previously published. Longitudinal cognitive measures were available from 4/6 children. RESULTS All six IOPD patients (4 males/2 females) had been treated with ERT for 12-15 years. Seizures and/or encephalopathy were noted at a median age at onset of 11.9 years (range 9-15 years). All were noted to have extensive WMHI in the brain MRIs and very high Fazekas scores which preceded the onset of neurological symptoms. Longitudinal IQ scores from four of these children suggested developmental plateauing. DISCUSSION Among a subset of IOPD patients on long-term ERT, CNS manifestations including hyperreflexia, encephalopathy and seizures may become prominent, and there is likely an association between these symptoms and significant WMHI on MRI. Further study is needed to identify risk factors for CNS deterioration among children with IOPD and develop interventions to prevent neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kenney-Jung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Aditi Korlimarla
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Gail A Spiridigliozzi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Walter Wiggins
- Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Malinzak
- Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Gretchen Nichting
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Seung-Hye Jung
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Angela Sun
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States of America
| | - Aisha Al Shamsi
- Genetic Metabolic Division, Pediatrics Department, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chanika Phornphutkul
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - James Owens
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - James M Provenzale
- Department of Neuroradiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America.
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Koeberl DD, Koch RL, Lim JA, Brooks ED, Arnson BD, Sun B, Kishnani PS. Gene therapy for glycogen storage diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:93-118. [PMID: 37421310 PMCID: PMC10874648 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) are inherited disorders of metabolism resulting from the deficiency of individual enzymes involved in the synthesis, transport, and degradation of glycogen. This literature review summarizes the development of gene therapy for the GSDs. The abnormal accumulation of glycogen and deficiency of glucose production in GSDs lead to unique symptoms based upon the enzyme step and tissues involved, such as liver and kidney involvement associated with severe hypoglycemia during fasting and the risk of long-term complications including hepatic adenoma/carcinoma and end stage kidney disease in GSD Ia from glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, and cardiac/skeletal/smooth muscle involvement associated with myopathy +/- cardiomyopathy and the risk for cardiorespiratory failure in Pompe disease. These symptoms are present to a variable degree in animal models for the GSDs, which have been utilized to evaluate new therapies including gene therapy and genome editing. Gene therapy for Pompe disease and GSD Ia has progressed to Phase I and Phase III clinical trials, respectively, and are evaluating the safety and bioactivity of adeno-associated virus vectors. Clinical research to understand the natural history and progression of the GSDs provides invaluable outcome measures that serve as endpoints to evaluate benefits in clinical trials. While promising, gene therapy and genome editing face challenges with regard to clinical implementation, including immune responses and toxicities that have been revealed during clinical trials of gene therapy that are underway. Gene therapy for the glycogen storage diseases is under development, addressing an unmet need for specific, stable therapy for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight D. Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Koch
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jeong-A Lim
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth D. Brooks
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Arnson
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Baodong Sun
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Priya S. Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Elvidge KL, Christodoulou J, Farrar MA, Tilden D, Maack M, Valeri M, Ellis M, Smith NJC. The collective burden of childhood dementia: a scoping review. Brain 2023; 146:4446-4455. [PMID: 37471493 PMCID: PMC10629766 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood dementia is a devastating and under-recognized group of disorders with a high level of unmet need. Typically monogenic in origin, this collective of individual neurodegenerative conditions are defined by a progressive impairment of neurocognitive function, presenting in childhood and adolescence. This scoping review aims to clarify definitions and conceptual boundaries of childhood dementia and quantify the collective disease burden. A literature review identified conditions that met the case definition. An expert clinical working group reviewed and ratified inclusion. Epidemiological data were extracted from published literature and collective burden modelled. One hundred and seventy genetic childhood dementia disorders were identified. Of these, 25 were analysed separately as treatable conditions. Collectively, currently untreatable childhood dementia was estimated to have an incidence of 34.5 per 100 000 (1 in 2900 births), median life expectancy of 9 years and prevalence of 5.3 per 100 000 persons. The estimated number of premature deaths per year is similar to childhood cancer (0-14 years) and approximately 70% of those deaths will be prior to adulthood. An additional 49.8 per 100 000 births are attributable to treatable conditions that would cause childhood dementia if not diagnosed early and stringently treated. A relational database of the childhood dementia disorders has been created and will be continually updated as new disorders are identified (https://knowledgebase.childhooddementia.org/). We present the first comprehensive overview of monogenic childhood dementia conditions and their collective epidemiology. Unifying these conditions, with consistent language and definitions, reinforces motivation to advance therapeutic development and health service supports for this significantly disadvantaged group of children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Christodoulou
- Brain and Mitochondrial Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle A Farrar
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Megan Maack
- Childhood Dementia Initiative, Brookvale, NSW 2100, Australia
| | | | - Magda Ellis
- THEMA Consulting Pty Ltd, Pyrmont, NSW 2009, Australia
| | - Nicholas J C Smith
- Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Women’s and Children’s Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
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Gómez-Cebrián N, Gras-Colomer E, Poveda Andrés JL, Pineda-Lucena A, Puchades-Carrasco L. Omics-Based Approaches for the Characterization of Pompe Disease Metabolic Phenotypes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1159. [PMID: 37759559 PMCID: PMC10525434 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) constitute a large group of rare, multisystemic, inherited disorders of metabolism, characterized by defects in lysosomal enzymes, accessory proteins, membrane transporters or trafficking proteins. Pompe disease (PD) is produced by mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) lysosomal enzyme. This enzymatic deficiency leads to the aberrant accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome. The onset of symptoms, including a variety of neurological and multiple-organ pathologies, can range from birth to adulthood, and disease severity can vary between individuals. Although very significant advances related to the development of new treatments, and also to the improvement of newborn screening programs and tools for a more accurate diagnosis and follow-up of patients, have occurred over recent years, there exists an unmet need for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease. Also, the reason why currently available treatments lose effectiveness over time in some patients is not completely understood. In this scenario, characterization of the metabolic phenotype is a valuable approach to gain insights into the global impact of lysosomal dysfunction, and its potential correlation with clinical progression and response to therapies. These approaches represent a discovery tool for investigating disease-induced modifications in the complete metabolic profile, including large numbers of metabolites that are simultaneously analyzed, enabling the identification of novel potential biomarkers associated with these conditions. This review aims to highlight the most relevant findings of recently published omics-based studies with a particular focus on describing the clinical potential of the specific metabolic phenotypes associated to different subgroups of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gómez-Cebrián
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Gras-Colomer
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Manises of Valencia, 46940 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Tsai MJM, Chen MH, Chien YH, Tung YC. Precocious puberty in patients with Pompe disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150498. [PMID: 37654562 PMCID: PMC10465365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The life expectancy of Pompe disease patients has increased due to improved neonatal screening and enzyme replacement therapy. Nevertheless, the potential effect of frequent medical device exposure on pubertal development in these patients is not well understood, so further investigation is warranted. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the growth and puberty of nine Pompe disease patients. In addition, to determine the effects of frequent plastic medical device exposure in these patients, we measured urinary phthalate metabolites before and one day after enzyme replacement therapy. Results Five out of nine patients (55%) with Pompe disease on enzyme replacement therapy had precocious puberty. Patients with precocious puberty had significantly shorter predicted adult heights compared to those with normal puberty (p = 0.014). The levels of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) increased after enzyme replacement therapy, but the average levels of phthalate metabolites did not significantly differ between patients with normal and precocious puberty. Conclusion Pompe disease patients on enzyme replacement therapy tend to have precocious puberty, which may reduce their adult height. There are no significant differences in urinary phthalate metabolites between normal and precocious puberty patients. Regular follow-up of growth and puberty in Pompe disease patients is important to improve their health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Melody Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Tung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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