[Extra uterine leiomyomatosis: Review of the literature]

Intravascular leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension, a case report

BACKGROUND

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a histologically benign smooth muscle tumor arising from the uterus that can spread through the pelvic veins and, on rare occasions, extend as far as the heart via the inferior vena cava. Despite its benign characteristics, it can behave like a malignant tumor leading to significant morbidity and even mortality if left untreated.

CASE PRESENTATION

The patient is a 42-year-old woman with a past medical history of uterine leiomyomas. She presented with heavy bleeding and frequent spotting; therefore, she went to her gynecologist. After further evaluation, a mass within the uterus that expanded into the pelvic veins, inferior vena cava, and right atrium was discovered. After the complete removal of the mass, the patient underwent full recovery. IVL with cardiac extension was the final diagnosis.

CONCLUSION

Although IVL is rare, it must be considered in women who underwent previous hysterectomies or myomectomies and present with symptoms of right heart failure. The ideal therapy will need the aid of a multidisciplinary team and will depend on the patient's symptoms, previous operative history, the tumor's extension, and resectability.

Unusual case of broad ligament leiomyoma: A diagnostic and surgical challenge

Extra‐uterine leiomyoma (EUL) is extremely rare and due to its unusual location, results into diagnostic dilemma and due to its unusual location may lead to surgical complication as in this case. We present a case of large broad ligament leiomyoma in a 40‐year‐old premenauposal that was excised with challenges.

Leiomyomas are common uterine benign tumors, but extra‐uterine origin is rare therefore have nonspecific presentations hence pose clinical and diagnostic challenges. They are commonly managed by surgery with challenges due to vital adjacent pelvic structures.