Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia presenting as an interstitial ectopic pregnancy

Characteristics of Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor: Endoscopic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

Introduction

Epithelioid endothelial tumor (ETT) is an extremely rare tumor that typically occurs in women of reproductive age. The diagnosis tends to be delayed because it often necessitates a total hysterectomy. Therefore, it is important to understand ETT macroscopic and imaging findings. Here, we report a case of ETT with detailed macroscopic and imaging findings.

Case Presentation

A 39-year-old woman with positive pregnancy test results was admitted to a nearby hospital. No gestational sac was found in the uterus, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cystic mass of approximately 7 cm that extended continuously from the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment into the pelvic cavity. She underwent laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgeries for a ruptured cervical pregnancy. Pathology of the specimens obtained from this surgery did not allow for the diagnosis of ETT. Two months after the surgery, as the serum human chorionic gonadotropin β subunit (β-HCG) level did not decrease, she was diagnosed with low-grade gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, leading to the administration of chemotherapy. After three regimens of chemotherapy over 9 months, her β-HCG level decreased but did not reach normal levels. Ultimately, a total hysterectomy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was mixed ETT and choriocarcinoma. A literature review revealed several cases similar to ours.

Conclusion

ETT in the lower uterus often perforates the myometrium and forms cystic lesions in the retroperitoneal space or subserosa. The MRI and laparoscopic/hysteroscopic findings in this case may have contributed to the early diagnosis of ETT.

Life-threatening rupture of interstitial ectopic pregnancy: a rare presentation of metastatic invasive mole

An invasive mole is an uncommon type of gestational trophoblastic disease, and if considering its implantation in an interstitial extrauterine location, we are facing a rarer condition.There are 14 cases described of interstitial ectopic gestational trophoblastic disease. As far as we know, we present the third case of invasive mole within interstitial location, in this case with pulmonary metastases.The diagnosis of an interstitial implantation is challenging. Our patient was initially diagnosed with an intrauterine hydatidiform molar pregnancy, and a uterine aspiration was performed. Two weeks later, she presented with haemodynamical instability due to a severe haemoperitoneum. A laparotomy was immediately performed and revealed a ruptured interstitial pregnancy with molar vesicle extrusion. Besides its rarity, we highlight the clinical presentation with hypovolaemic shock due to rupture of ectopic pregnancy in a young nulliparous woman, which required an emergent surgical approach with lifesaving purpose while preserving future fertility.

Sonographic diagnosis of an interstitial pregnancy in an asymptomatic patient at 7 weeks' gestation

An interstitial pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy located within the proximal intramural segment of the Fallopian tube traversing the myometrium. This type of ectopic pregnancy is relatively rare, occurring in approximately 1%-3% of all ectopic pregnancies. Given the myometrial mantle surrounding the gestational sac, which is considerably thicker than in other tubal pregnancies, patients with interstitial pregnancies classically manifest symptoms later in gestation. Thus, there is an increased risk of life-threatening intraperitoneal hemorrhage upon rupture of the myometrium encompassing the pregnancy. We present an unusual case of early sonographic diagnosis of an interstitial pregnancy in an asymptomatic patient at 7 and 3/7 weeks’ gestation, discuss predisposing factors, hallmarks of sonographic diagnosis, and review the literature regarding available clinical management modalities. With the increasing application of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by emergency room physicians and other providers in outpatient facilities, our case emphasizes both the importance of correct sonographic identification of interstitial pregnancy and the clinical importance of uniform early first-trimester sonography, preferably no later than 7-8 weeks’ gestation.