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Couto Rodrigues S, Silva Moratório de Moraes R, Tavares de Almeida Pinto G, Miranda Martins MT, Antunes do Nascimento P, Alves Soares DL, Mestre Botelho AB, Cardoso Cruz C, Cunha AC. A Review on Chemistry and Methods of Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives. CHEM REC 2024:e202400190. [PMID: 39543436 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of research on 1,2,4-triazoles conducted over the last fifteen years. 1,2,4-Triazoles are highly significant in the pharmaceutical industry, with numerous compounds from this class used clinically as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitubercular agents. Beyond their pharmaceutical relevance, this review also explores their role in material science and agriculture. In material science, 1,2,4-triazoles are gaining prominence, particularly in the development of energetic materials (EMs), due to their exceptional properties such as thermal stability, coordination ability, and performance comparable to well-known explosives. Their applications extend to polymers, corrosion inhibitors, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and they play a significant role in the development of functional materials for sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Additionally, the review addresses general aspects and synthetic methodologies for the functionalization and construction of the 1,2,4-triazole ring. Synthetic methods discussed include metalation synthesis, cyclization of hydrazine derivatives, multicomponent reactions, cyclization of amides and amidines, and microwave-assisted synthesis. Given the significance of the triazole scaffold, its synthesis has garnered considerable attention due to its wide-ranging applications across various industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Searitha Couto Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raphael Silva Moratório de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tavares de Almeida Pinto
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Miranda Martins
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrick Antunes do Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deivid Lucas Alves Soares
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Mestre Botelho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camille Cardoso Cruz
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Cunha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 24020-141, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cai BG, Li Q, Xuan J. Copper-catalyzed 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-triazoles synthesis through [3+2]-cycloaddition of nitrile ylides with azodicarboxylates. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Wang B, Sun Y, Cheng A, Zhu Y, Wang J, Chen Z, Wu XF. Metal-free synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via multi-component reaction of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides, hydrazine hydrate and benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate. Front Chem 2022; 10:1013977. [PMID: 36204143 PMCID: PMC9531263 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1013977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient approach for the construction of pharmaceutically valuable 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles has been developed, which employs the readily available trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides, hydrazine hydrate and benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate (TFBen) as starting materials. The multi-component reaction features broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and scalability, providing a facile and straightforward route to the biologically important 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazole scaffolds in moderate to good yields. Considering its broad-spectrum pharmaceutical activity, the method offers the opportunity for the further study towards the toxicity risk assessment and structure-activity relationship of the pharmaceuticals containing trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazole cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeanlun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiye Wang, ; Zhengkai Chen, ; Xiao-Feng Wu,
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiye Wang, ; Zhengkai Chen, ; Xiao-Feng Wu,
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jiye Wang, ; Zhengkai Chen, ; Xiao-Feng Wu,
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