1
|
Sninsky J, Barnes EL. Medical Management of Aggressive Inflammatory Bowel Disease: When Is the Time to Cut Your (and the Patient's) Losses? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021; 31:905-910. [PMID: 34171979 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a treatment armamentarium that continues to increase in terms of medical options for the therapy of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), a significant proportion of patients will require surgical intervention over their disease course. Surgery does not represent a failure of medical therapy in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); rather, surgery represents an integral feature of the multidisciplinary approach to an individual patient. The timing, factors, and potential outcomes of each therapeutic decision in the pre-, peri- and postoperative periods must be weighed by each member of a multidisciplinary team with the goal of improving the quality of life for patients with IBD. In this article, we review the current evidence underlying approaches to the medical and surgical management of complications of CD and UC. We also outline opportunities for tailored decision-making and potentially earlier surgical intervention with the aim of improving long-term outcomes among patients with IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Sninsky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward L Barnes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Multidisciplinary Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hammami A, Slama AB, Jaziri H, Ameur WB, Mansour IB, Brahem A, Ajmi S, Jemni H, Ksiaa M, Jmaa A. Unusual case of duodenobiliary fistula complicating Crohn's disease successfully treated with Adalimumab. Arab J Gastroenterol 2016; 17:188-190. [PMID: 27939339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which predisposes to the formation of fistula. Duodenal involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases and often leads to clinically relevant strictures. However, fistula formation in the duodenum is exceptional. Herein, we report an unusual case of duodenobiliary fistula due to CD occurring in a 65-year-old patient who was successfully treated by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents. This case report highlights the efficacy of anti-TNF alpha agents in the treatment of a bilioenteric fistula because it increases the probability of clinical remission and mucosal healing and therefore reduces the need for surgical treatment which may be associated morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Hammami
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia.
| | - Aida Ben Slama
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Jaziri
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Ben Ameur
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Imed Ben Mansour
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Brahem
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Salem Ajmi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jemni
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Ksiaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| | - Ali Jmaa
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sahloul, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Groof EJ, Buskens CJ, Ponsioen CY, Dijkgraaf MGW, D'Haens GRAM, Srivastava N, van Acker GJD, Jansen JM, Gerhards MF, Dijkstra G, Lange JFM, Witteman BJM, Kruyt PM, Pronk A, van Tuyl SAC, Bodelier A, Crolla RMPH, West RL, Vrijland WW, Consten ECJ, Brink MA, Tuynman JB, de Boer NKH, Breukink SO, Pierik MJ, Oldenburg B, van der Meulen AE, Bonsing BA, Spinelli A, Danese S, Sacchi M, Warusavitarne J, Hart A, Yassin NA, Kennelly RP, Cullen GJ, Winter DC, Hawthorne AB, Torkington J, Bemelman WA. Multimodal treatment of perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease: seton versus anti-TNF versus advancement plasty (PISA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16:366. [PMID: 26289163 PMCID: PMC4545975 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently there is no guideline for the treatment of patients with Crohn’s disease and high perianal fistulas. Most patients receive anti-TNF medication, but no long-term results of this expensive medication have been described, nor has its efficiency been compared to surgical strategies. With this study, we hope to provide treatment consensus for daily clinical practice with reduction in costs. Methods/Design This is a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Patients with Crohn’s disease who are over 18 years of age, with newly diagnosed or recurrent active high perianal fistulas, with one internal opening and no anti-TNF usage in the past three months will be considered. Patients with proctitis, recto-vaginal fistulas or anal stenosis will be excluded. Prior to randomisation, an MRI and ileocolonoscopy are required. All treatment will start with seton placement and a course of antibiotics. Patients will then be randomised to: (1) chronic seton drainage (with oral 6-mercaptopurine (6MP)) for one year, (2) anti-TNF medication (with 6MP) for one year (seton removal after six weeks) or (3) advancement plasty after eight weeks of seton drainage (under four months anti-TNF and 6MP for one year). The primary outcome parameter is the number of patients needing fistula-related re-intervention(s). Secondary outcomes are the number of patients with closed fistulas (based on an evaluated MRI score) after 18 months, disease activity, quality of life and costs. Discussion The PISA trial is a multicentre, randomised controlled trial of patients with Crohn’s disease and high perianal fistulas. With the comparison of three generally accepted treatment strategies, we will be able to comment on the efficiency of the various treatment strategies, with respect to several long-term outcome parameters. Trial registration Nederlands Trial Register identifier: NTR4137 (registered on 23 August 2013). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0831-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Joline de Groof
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22660, 1100, DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Christianne J Buskens
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22660, 1100, DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcel G W Dijkgraaf
- Clinical Research Unit, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert R A M D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA Den Haag, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs J D van Acker
- Department of Surgery, Medical Center Haaglanden, Lijnbaan 32, 2512 VA Den Haag, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen M Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael F Gerhards
- Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan F M Lange
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben J M Witteman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip M Kruyt
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Apollo Pronk
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sebastiaan A C van Tuyl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Diakonessenhuis Utrecht, Bosboomstraat 1, 3582 KE Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexander Bodelier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - Rogier M P H Crolla
- Department of Surgery, Amphia Hospital, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel L West
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wietske W Vrijland
- Department of Surgery, St Franciscus Gasthuis, Kleiweg 500, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther C J Consten
- Department of Surgery, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Menno A Brink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meander Medical Center, Maatweg 3, 3813 TZ Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurriaan B Tuynman
- Department of Surgery, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VU Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie O Breukink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea E van der Meulen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Bert A Bonsing
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Surgery, Humanitas Hospital, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano MI, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Humanitas Hospital, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano MI, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sacchi
- Department of Surgery, Humanitas Hospital, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano MI, Milan, Italy.
| | - Janindra Warusavitarne
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, London, UK.
| | - Ailsa Hart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, London, England.
| | - Nuha A Yassin
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, London, UK.
| | - Rory P Kennelly
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Healthcare Group, Elm Park, Merrion Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Garret J Cullen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent's Healthcare Group, Elm Park, Merrion Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Healthcare Group, Elm Park, Merrion Rd, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - A Barney Hawthorne
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Spire Cardiff Hospital, Glamorgan House, Croescadarn Rd, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF23 8XL, UK.
| | - Jared Torkington
- Department of Surgery, Spire Cardiff Hospital, Glamorgan House, Croescadarn Rd, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF23 8XL, England.
| | - Willem A Bemelman
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, PO Box 22660, 1100, DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bemelman WA, Allez M. The surgical intervention: earlier or never? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:497-503. [PMID: 24913388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by the presence of inflammation in different segments of the digestive tract, resulting in damages of the entire wall. Untreated or treated inappropriately, this eventually might result in stricturing and/or penetrating complications. Traditionally, the first line of treatment is medical, and surgery reserved for those who failed medical therapy. Considerable progresses have been made in the surgical therapy of CD over the past two decades. Some surgical interventions such as those consisting in the resection of long segments or leading to a definitive stoma should be avoided and performed only in case of treatment failure. On the other side, well-indicated and minimal invasive surgery can be considered as an alternative to long-term medical therapy for certain indications. The decision of performing early surgery should take in account the strategy that will be applied post-operatively. Decision making in multidisciplinary teams is paramount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W A Bemelman
- Departments of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M Allez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lindsay JO, Chipperfield R, Giles A, Wheeler C, Orchard T. A UK retrospective observational study of clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilisation of infliximab treatment in Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013; 38:52-61. [PMID: 23701393 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) places a substantial burden on healthcare systems, with the majority of costs arising from hospitalisation and surgery. AIM To evaluate the 'real-world' clinical effectiveness, impact on healthcare utilisation and cost of infliximab for the treatment of CD in UK practice. METHODS A non-interventional, retrospective analysis of medical records from patients with CD treated with infliximab at 18 hospital centres across the UK. The primary objective was to compare cumulative clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilisation for the 0- to 24-month post-infliximab period with the 12 months preceding infliximab treatment. Predefined outcomes included the number of elective surgical procedures, hospitalisations and healthcare provider consultations. Costs associated with healthcare utilisation were collected from the perspective of the UK National Health Service (NHS). RESULTS The study involved 380 patients. Infliximab significantly reduced the mean number of elective (from 0.18 to 0.11; P = 0.0035) and non-elective (from 0.46 to 0.29; P < 0.0001) hospitalisations, and the number of consultations with gastroenterologists, gastrointestinal surgeons and radiologists (from 4.0 to 3.5, from 0.7 to 0.5 and from 0.5 to 0.2, respectively; all P < 0.001); all decreases were associated with significant cost reductions. The mean number of elective surgical procedures (including correction of severe anal fistulae and abscess drainage) was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS The observed reductions in numbers of hospitalisations, surgical procedures and consultations with healthcare professionals are key indicators of the clinical effectiveness of infliximab for the treatment of CD. These benefits result in overall decreases in healthcare resource utilisation, which translate into cost savings for the NHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J O Lindsay
- Digestive Diseases Clinical Academic Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust and Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Orangio GR. Enterocutaneous fistula: medical and surgical management including patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2011; 23:169-75. [PMID: 21886466 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1262984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and especially Crohn's disease can be challenging for even the most seasoned of surgeons. Development of an enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) in these patients further adds a level of complexity that requires a well-planned and defined management strategy. The role of the surgeon in caring for these patients should be as the leader of a multidisciplinary team, directing the care of the other specialists, all while determining if, and when, the patient requires operative intervention. Although medical management has come a long way in these and similar patients, surgery is still needed in a vast majority of patients. Therefore, understanding the evaluation, initial management, and important technical considerations for care of IBD and other complex patients with ECFs is a difficult, yet much needed, task for which the surgeon should be prepared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Orangio
- Georgia Colon and Rectal Surgical Associates, P.C., Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamilton KE, Simmons JG, Ding S, Van Landeghem L, Lund PK. Cytokine induction of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is mediated by STAT3 in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1718-31. [PMID: 21994466 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The IL-6/STAT3 and TNFα/NFκB pathways are emerging as critical mediators of inflammation-associated colon cancer. TNF receptor (TNFR) 2 expression is increased in inflammatory bowel diseases, the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model of colitis-associated cancer, and by combined interleukin (IL) 6 and TNFα. The molecular mechanisms that regulate TNFR2 remain undefined. This study used colon cancer cell lines to test the hypothesis that IL-6 and TNFα induce TNFR2 via STAT3 and/or NFκB. Basal and IL-6 + TNFα-induced TNFR2 were decreased by pharmacologic STAT3 inhibition. NFκB inhibition had little effect on IL-6 + TNFα-induced TNFR2, but did inhibit induction of endogenous IL-6 and TNFR2 in cells treated with TNFα alone. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed cooperative effects of IL-6 + TNFα to induce STAT3 binding to a -1,578 STAT response element in the TNFR2 promoter but no effect on NFκB binding to consensus sites. Constitutively active STAT3 was sufficient to induce TNFR2 expression. Overexpression of SOCS3, a cytokine-inducible STAT3 inhibitor, which reduces tumorigenesis in preclinical models of colitis-associated cancer, decreased cytokine-induced TNFR2 expression and STAT3 binding to the -1,578 STAT response element. SOCS3 overexpression also decreased proliferation of colon cancer cells and dramatically decreased anchorage-independent growth of colon cancer cells, even cells overexpressing TNFR2. Collectively, these studies show that IL-6- and TNFα-induced TNFR2 expression in colon cancer cells is mediated primarily by STAT3 and provide evidence that TNFR2 may contribute to the tumor-promoting roles of STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hamilton
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the use of surgical procedures for Crohn's disease since the introduction of infliximab. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Prior studies have shown that the overall rate of surgery for Crohn's disease has not changed significantly since the introduction of infliximab, an immunomodulator considered particularly effective in treating Crohn's fistulas. How infliximab has affected individual rates of specific types of procedures, particularly surgery for intestinal fistulas, is unknown. METHODS We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify all hospital admissions for Crohn's disease for each year from 1993 through 2004. Cases of Crohn's disease and relevant surgical interventions were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Using US Census data to establish population denominators, trends in population-based rates of use of these procedures were examined over time. Trends were tested for significance with Spearman rank correlation tests. RESULTS From 1993 to 2004, there was no statistically significant change in population-based rates of small bowel and right colon resection, while rates of left colon resection, other colon resection, and rectal resection declined moderately. However, rates of surgical repair of fistulas of the small intestine, the most commonly performed fistula operation, increased by 60%, from 1.5 per 1,000,000 in 1993 to 2.4 per 1,000,000 in 2004 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS During the period of adoption of infliximab as a novel treatment for Crohn's disease, overall rates of bowel resections have either remained relatively stable or decreased moderately, while rates of small bowel fistula repair have increased significantly. These findings call into question the effectiveness of infliximab in preventing the need for surgery for Crohn's disease at the population level.
Collapse
|
9
|
Torkzad MR, Karlbom U. MRI for assessment of anal fistula. Insights Imaging 2010; 1:62-71. [PMID: 22347906 PMCID: PMC3259332 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-010-0022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging modality for preoperative assessment of patients with anal fistula. MRI helps to accurately demonstrate disease extension and predict prognosis. This in turn helps make therapy decisions and monitor therapy. The pertinent anatomy, fistula classification and MRI findings will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Torkzad
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Urban Karlbom
- Department of surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nikfarjam M, Champagne B, Reynolds HL, Poulose BK, Ponsky JL, Marks JM. Acute Management of Stoma-Related Colocutaneous Fistula by Temporary Placement of a Self-Expanding Plastic Stent. Surg Innov 2009; 16:270-3. [DOI: 10.1177/1553350609345851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Colocutaneous fistulas are frequently the result of complications related to previous operative procedures and are a major cause of morbidity. Most are initially treated conservatively, with a large percentage eventually requiring further surgery for definitive treatment. The use of a temporary colonic stent for the management of colostomy-related colocutaneous fistula has not been previously described. Two patients with colocutaneous fistula related to end colostomies and opening into midline laparotomy wounds were treated by temporary plastic stenting. A removable Polyflex silicone stent was inserted into the stoma. Stent redeployment was needed on several occasions following partial stent expulsion. Midline wound healing was achieved in both cases by 6 weeks post—stent insertion, and complete fistula closure occurred in 1 case. Temporary stent placement in certain cases may aid in the management of a colocutaneous fistula associated with a colostomy to allow fecal diversion from wounds and aid fistula closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad Champagne
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simultaneous occurrence of hyperthyroidism and fistulizing Crohn's disease complicated with intra-abdominal fistulas and abscess: a case report and review of the literature. CASES JOURNAL 2009; 2:8541. [PMID: 19918383 PMCID: PMC2769453 DOI: 10.4076/1757-1626-2-8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Fistula formation in patients with Crohn’s disease is a common complication during the course of the disease. Perianal and enteroenteric are the most common forms of fistulas, whereas the involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract with gastrocolic and duodenocolic fistulas represents an extremely unusual condition. Moreover, hyperthyroidism in association with Crohn’s disease has been rarely described. Case presentation We present here a rare case of a 25-year-old male with simultaneous onset of hyperthyroidism and fistulizing Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease was complicated with intra-abdominal fistulas involving the upper gastrointestinal tract (duodenocolic, gastrocolic) and an intra-peritoneal abscess formation in the lesser sac. We describe the clinical presentation and therapeutic management of the patient including both medical treatment and surgical intervention. Despite intense medical treatment with total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, aminosalicylates and corticosteroids the clinical course of the disease was suboptimal. Finally, the patient underwent laparotomy and right hemi-colectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis performed, with simultaneous drainage of the abdominal abscess and primary closure of the upper gastrointestinal tract openings (gastric, duodenal and jejunal) at one stage operation. Although the surgical approach definitively cured the perforating complications of the disease (fistulas and abscess), the luminal disease in the colon remnant was still active and steroid-refractory. The subsequent successful treatment with infliximab, azathioprine and mesalazine resulted in the induction and maintenance of the disease remission. Thyrotoxicosis was successfully treated with methimazole and the hyperthyroidism has definitely subsided. Conclusion The management of intra-abdominal fistulas in Crohn’s disease is a complex issue, requiring a multi-disciplinary approach and ‘tailoring’ of the treatment to the individual patient’s needs. Probably, a sensible approach involves early surgical intervention with prior optimization of the patient’s general condition when feasible. Common autoimmune mechanisms are probably involved in thyroid dysfunction associated with Crohn’s disease. Moreover, diagnosis and treatment of coexisting thyroid disorder in patients with Crohn’s disease has a favorable impact in disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Judson MA. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis after infliximab therapy for sarcoidosis: a potential mechanism related to T-helper cytokine balance. Chest 2009; 135:1358-1359. [PMID: 19420205 DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) that occurred in a man receiving infliximab for systemic sarcoidosis. His symptoms associated with ABPA were temporally related to his infliximab infusions. We suspect that infliximab disrupted the T-helper (Th) type 1-Th2 lymphocyte balance such that Th2 cytokines were left relatively unopposed, promoting the development of ABPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2008. [PMID: 18023095 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.13.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment. RESULTS Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-alpha secretion (2.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations. CONCLUSION This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-alpha inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana-C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou ave., Kallithea 17671, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaliora AC, Stathopoulou MG, Triantafillidis JK, Dedoussis GV, Andrikopoulos NK. Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn's disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 13:6031-6. [PMID: 18023095 PMCID: PMC4250886 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.45.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d, 0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment. RESULTS Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-alpha secretion (2.1 +/- 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 +/- 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations. CONCLUSION This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-alpha inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andriana-C Kaliora
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou ave., Kallithea 17671, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lippert E, Gunckel M, Brenmoehl J, Bataille F, Falk W, Scholmerich J, Obermeier F, Rogler G. Regulation of galectin-3 function in mucosal fibroblasts: potential role in mucosal inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:285-97. [PMID: 18336593 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we identified galectin-3 (gal-3), which is secreted by colonic epithelial cells (CEC), to be a strong activator of colonic lamina propria fibroblasts (CLPF). Modulation of CLPF function may play a role during stricture and fistula formation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated further the expression of gal-3 and effects on CLPF. The aim of this study is to perform a direct comparison of gal-3 between tissue from healthy controls and from patients with either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). CEC, CLPF and intestinal macrophages (IMAC) were isolated from control and IBD colonic tissue. Interleukin-8 secretion as a readout of CLPF activation was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gal-3 in cell cultures and tissue samples was evaluated by Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. CLPF-migration was assayed in the 48-well modified Boyden chamber. Gal-3 expression was found in all segments of the colon. In the terminal ileum, less gal-3 was found compared with the colon. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed a homogenous distribution of gal-3 in CEC and IMAC of control mucosa and UC. However, significantly less gal-3 was found in IMAC from CD patients. In CD fistulae and stenoses, gal-3 expression was reduced significantly and barely detectable. In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation. Gal-3 stimulated CLPF migration in CLPF derived from fistulae. In conclusion, gal-3 expression is down-regulated in CD-fistulae and stenoses as well as in IMAC in CD patients. Gal-3 induces migration of CLPF derived from fistulae. Its role for stricture and fistula formation warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lippert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alterations in the function of circulating mononuclear cells derived from patients with Crohn’s disease treated with mastic. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:6031-6036. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i45.6031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the effects of mastic administration on cytokine production of circulating mononuclear cells of patients with active Crohn's disease (CD).
METHODS: The study was conducted in patients with established mildly to moderately active CD, attending the outpatient clinics of the hospital, and in healthy controls. Recruited to a 4 wk treatment with mastic caps (6 caps/d,0.37 g/cap) were 10 patients and 8 controls, all of who successfully completed the protocol. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and intracellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) before and after treatment.
RESULTS: Treating CD patients with mastic resulted in the reduction of TNF-α secretion (2.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL vs 0.5 ± 0.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028). MIF release was significantly increased (1.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL vs 2.5 ± 0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.026) meaning that random migration and chemotaxis of monocytes/macrophages was inhibited. No significant changes were observed in IL-6, MCP-1 and GSH concentrations.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that mastic acts as an immunomodulator on PBMC, acting as a TNF-α inhibitor and a MIF stimulator. Although further double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in a large number of patients is required to clarify the role of this natural product, this finding provides strong evidence that mastic might be an important regulator of immunity in CD.
Collapse
|
17
|
Carbone J, Gonzalez-Lara V, Sarmiento E, Chean C, Perez JL, Marin I, Rodríguez-Molina JJ, Gil J, Fernández-Cruz E. Humoral and cellular monitoring to predict the development of infection in Crohn's disease patients beginning treatment with infliximab. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:346-55. [PMID: 17804562 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although severe infectious complications are rare, it is important to properly screen patients for predisposing conditions before beginning treatment with infliximab. We assessed immunity markers that might provide prognostic value for the development of infection in Crohn's disease patients after treatment with infliximab. In a prospective study, 34 fistulizing Crohn's disease patients (mean age 37 years) were studied. Patients were scheduled to receive three infusions of infliximab (5 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6. Immunologic studies: Serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM), IgG-subclasses, and complement (C3, C4, factor B) determined by nephelometry; CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+CD3- lymphocyte subsets performed by flow cytometry. During a mean follow-up of 56 months, 1 patient had disseminated tuberculosis and 2 patients had severe bacterial infections. The presence of infection was associated with significantly higher IgM (246 vs. 121 mg/dL; Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.01), lower C3 (64 vs. 118, P = 0.02), lower C4 concentrations (12 vs. 25, P = 0.02), and with decreased levels of CD19 B cells (47 vs. 290, P = 0.03) in the baseline study. Further prospective studies in a larger number of patients are suggested to examine whether early monitoring of immunocompetence might help to identify the risk of infection in patients treated with infliximab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Carbone
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a general term used to describe two chronic bowel disorders, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both of which are characterized by autoimmune-related inflammation of the intestines. UC is limited to the colonic mucosa, whereas CD can involve any part of the intestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. The true etiology of UC and CD is still unknown, although extensive research has identified some genetic and environmental factors. This article discusses current clinical concepts of both diseases in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd Ponsky
- Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|