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Chen YC, Miao ZF, Yip KL, Cheng YA, Liu CJ, Li LH, Lin CY, Wang JW, Wu DC, Cheng TL, Wang JY. Gut Fecal Microbiota Transplant in a Mouse Model of Orthotopic Rectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568012. [PMID: 33194651 PMCID: PMC7658813 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is reported to play an important role in carcinogenesis and the treatment of CRC. SW480 and SW620 colon cancer cells integrated with infrared fluorescent proteins were injected into the rectal submucosa of nude mice. In the subsequent 30 days, we observed tumor growth weekly using an in vivo imaging system. The bacterial solution was infused anally into the mice to perform bacterial transplant. Phosphate-buffered saline, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Bifidobacterium longum solutions were infused individually. The 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and polymerase chain reaction of murine feces were investigated to confirm the colonization of target bacteria. In the SW620 orthotopic xenograft rectal cancer model, 4 of 5 mice developed rectal cancer by 30 days after submucosal injection. In the SW480 orthotopic xenograft rectal cancer model, 2 of 6 mice developed rectal cancer by 30 days after submucosal injection. For the 16S rDNA analysis, the mice receiving the bacterial solution infusion demonstrated positive findings for A. lwoffii and B. longum. With the successful establishment of a mouse model of orthotopic rectal cancer and transplant of target bacteria, we can further explore the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC. The role of fecal microbiota transplant in the treatment and alleviation of adverse events of chemotherapy in CRC could be clarified in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Ling Yip
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wei Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Tan J, Liu J, Shan X, Ma Y. Laser-triggered collaborative chemophotothermal effect of gold nanoparticles for targeted colon cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110492. [PMID: 32682110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has shown advantages for cancer treatment. Multimodal nanoparticles (NPs) combining chemotherapy and photothermal therapy are promising and elicit synergetic benefit. However, there were still less multifunctional nanomaterials with good targeting and anti-tumor property applied as the colon cancer therapeutic strategy. In this study, we designed the gold NPs modified with AS1411 and DNA riched of GC intercalation (hairpin DNA) with doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted chemotherapy and NIR laser-triggered chemo-photothermal effect (PTT). We took advantage of PTT effect to realize DOX release from hairpin DNA. We also demonstrated AS1411 based NPs exhibited remarkable targeted binding towards SW480 colon cancer cells in vitro and enhanced uptake inside the cells. Strikingly, AS1411 based NPs exhibited the most efficient cytotoxicity and markedly enhanced inhibition effect on cells proliferation to SW480 cells under laser exposure when compared to the NPs merely with PTT or chemotherapy. Our study appears to provide an alternative nanoplatform with good targeted and chemo-photothermal therapy against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingwei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jianling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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3
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Banerjee A, Pathak S, Subramanium VD, G D, Murugesan R, Verma RS. Strategies for targeted drug delivery in treatment of colon cancer: current trends and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1224-1232. [PMID: 28545838 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment modalities, colon cancer (CC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Subsequent unfavorable effects owing to toxicity of conventional drugs are a challenging problem associated with chemotherapy. There is noticeable concern toward site-specific/targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs specifically to the affected site of the colon in a predictable and reproducible manner. However, the biggest challenge in successful drug targeting for the colon is avoidance of drug absorption and/or degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches the colon. Nanoparticles endowed with targeting abilities offer a novel approach for site-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. The present review focuses on recent approaches for colon-specific drug delivery (CDDS) and aims to unveil the emerging possibilities and advances in the treatment of CC with CDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, TN, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, TN, India
| | | | - Dharanivasan G
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, TN, India
| | - Ramachandran Murugesan
- Chettinad Academy of Research & Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, TN, India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, TN, India.
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4
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Aka AA, Rappaport JA, Pattison AM, Sato T, Snook AE, Waldman SA. Guanylate cyclase C as a target for prevention, detection, and therapy in colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:549-557. [PMID: 28162021 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1292124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and new strategies to prevent, detect, and treat the disease are needed. The receptor, guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C), a tumor suppressor expressed by the intestinal epithelium, has emerged as a promising target. Areas covered: This review outlines the role of GUCY2C in tumorigenesis, and steps to translate GUCY2C-targeting schemes to the clinic. Endogenous GUCY2C-activating ligands disappear early in tumorigenesis, silencing its signaling axis and enabling transformation. Pre-clinical models support GUCY2C ligand supplementation as a novel disease prevention paradigm. With the recent FDA approval of the GUCY2C ligand, linaclotide, and two more synthetic ligands in the pipeline, this strategy can be tested in human trials. In addition to primary tumor prevention, we also review immunotherapies targeting GUCY2C expressed by metastatic lesions, and platforms using GUCY2C as a biomarker for detection and patient staging. Expert commentary: Results of the first GUCY2C targeting schemes in patients will become available in the coming years. The identification of GUCY2C ligand loss as a requirement for colorectal tumorigenesis has the potential to change the treatment paradigm from an irreversible disease of genetic mutation, to a treatable disease of ligand insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Aka
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jeff A Rappaport
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Amanda M Pattison
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Takami Sato
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Scott A Waldman
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Falco M, Palma G, Rea D, De Biase D, Scala S, D'Aiuto M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Barbieri A, Arra C. Tumour biomarkers: homeostasis as a novel prognostic indicator. Open Biol 2016; 6:160254. [PMID: 27927793 PMCID: PMC5204124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'personalized medicine' refers to a medical procedure that consists in the grouping of patients based on their predicted individual response to therapy or risk of disease. In oncologic patients, a 'tailored' therapeutic approach may potentially improve their survival and well-being by not only reducing the tumour, but also enhancing therapeutic response and minimizing the adverse effects. Diagnostic tests are often used to select appropriate and optimal therapies that rely both on patient genome and other molecular/cellular analysis. Several studies have shown that lifestyle and environmental factors can influence the epigenome and that epigenetic events may be involved in carcinogenesis. Thus, in addition to traditional biomarkers, epigenetic factors are raising considerable interest, because they could potentially be used as an excellent tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarize the role of conventional cancer genetic biomarkers and their association with epigenomics. Furthermore, we will focus on the so-called 'homeostatic biomarkers' that result from the physiological response to cancer, emphasizing the concept that an altered 'new' homeostasis influence not only tumour environment, but also the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Falco
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palma
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Rea
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Molecular lmmunology and Immuneregulation, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Naples 'Fondazione G. Pascale', Naples, italy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Aiuto
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Breast Disease, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 'Fondazione Pascale', Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, , Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Department of Urology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale', IRCCS, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Zakraoui O, Marcinkiewicz C, Aloui Z, Othman H, Grépin R, Haoues M, Essafi M, Srairi-Abid N, Gasmi A, Karoui H, Pagès G, Essafi-Benkhadir K. Lebein, a snake venom disintegrin, suppresses human colon cancer cells proliferation and tumor-induced angiogenesis through cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction and inhibition of VEGF expression. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:18-35. [PMID: 26824338 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lebein, is an heterodimeric disintegrin isolated from Macrovipera lebetina snake venom that was previously characterized as an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. In this study, we investigated the effect of Lebein on the p53-dependent growth of human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. We found that Lebein significantly inhibited LS174 (p53wt), HCT116 (p53wt), and HT29 (p53mut) colon cancer cell viability by inducing cell cycle arrest through the modulation of expression levels of the tumor suppression factor p53, cell cycle regulating proteins cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, retinoblastoma (Rb), CDK1, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. Interestingly, Lebein-induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells was dependent on their p53 status. Thus, in LS174 cells, cell death was associated with PARP cleavage and the activation of caspases 3 and 8 while in HCT116 cells, Lebein induced caspase-independent apoptosis through increased expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In LS174 cells, Lebein triggers the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 pathway through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It also decreased cell adhesion and migration to fibronectin through down regulation of α5β1 integrin. Moreover, Lebein significantly reduced the expression of two angiogenesis stimulators, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Neuropilin 1 (NRP1). It inhibited the VEGF-induced neovascularization process in the quail embryonic CAM system and blocked the development of human colon adenocarcinoma in nude mice. Overall, our work indicates that Lebein may be useful to design a new therapy against colon cancer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ons Zakraoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zohra Aloui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules thérapeutiques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Renaud Grépin
- Department of Biomedical, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Meriam Haoues
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Makram Essafi
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT08 Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules thérapeutiques, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Habib Karoui
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN) UMR/7284 U1081, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Khadija Essafi-Benkhadir
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT04 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire et de Pathologie Expérimentale Appliquée Aux Maladies Infectieuses, Tunis, Tunisia.,Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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7
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Exploring Different Strategies for Efficient Delivery of Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26936-52. [PMID: 26569228 PMCID: PMC4661854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Currently available chemotherapy of CRC usually delivers the drug to both normal as well as cancerous tissues, thus leading to numerous undesirable effects. Much emphasis is being laid on the development of effective drug delivery systems for achieving selective delivery of the active moiety at the anticipated site of action with minimized unwanted side effects. Researchers have employed various techniques (dependent on pH, time, pressure and/or bacteria) for targeting drugs directly to the colonic region. On the other hand, systemic drug delivery strategies to specific molecular targets (such as FGFR, EGFR, CD44, EpCAM, CA IX, PPARγ and COX-2) overexpressed by cancerous cells have also been shown to be effective. This review aims to put forth an overview of drug delivery technologies that have been, and may be developed, for the treatment of CRC.
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8
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Hong L, Han Y, Brain L. Epidermal growth factor receptor: an important target in esophageal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1179-85. [PMID: 23855932 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.820709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even after complete tumor removal by surgery, the clinical outcomes remain poor in patients with advanced esophageal cancer, justifying the need for new treatment options. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a molecular target for antibody-based therapy in various cancer types, and it may play important roles in the development of esophageal cancer. AREAS COVERED This review evaluates the expression, function, and mechanism of EGFR in esophageal cancer and analyzes its value for the prognosis and therapy of esophageal cancer. Future developments toward the clinical applications of EGFR to cancer treatment are also envisaged. EXPERT OPINION EGFR may function as an ideal therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. Further investigation of epidermal growth-factor-receptor-mediated pathways will push insight into the novel strategies of target therapy for esophageal cancer. More clinical trials should be performed to promote the success of therapeutic-clinical use of EGFR and its targets in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Hong
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology , Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province , China +86 29 84773974 ; +86 29 82539041 ;
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9
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Hrustanovic G, Lee BJ, Bivona TG. Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR targeted therapies. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:304-14. [PMID: 23358468 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is a validated therapeutic target in many human cancers. EGFR targeted therapies are in widespread clinical use in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and other tumor types. Despite the clinical success of EGFR targeted therapy, resistance to treatment is a significant barrier to the optimized use of EGFR inhibitors to cure patients with lung and other cancers. Here, we review established and emerging mechanisms of resistance to EGFR targeted therapy and highlight strategies that could overcome treatment resistance and therefore enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorjan Hrustanovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Abstract
The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma can be challenging, and adjuvant therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not particularly beneficial in the management of this disease, creating a challenge when dealing with unresectable recurrent and metastatic malignancy. We investigated the expression profile of biomarkers that represent potential markers of malignancy or targets for novel therapies in this disease. We constructed a tissue microarray of parathyroid carcinomas from 10 patients as well as parathyroid adenomas from 25 patients and stained the slides for 34 proteins involved in angiogenesis (platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, PDGFR-β, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)), inflammation (cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2), cell adhesion (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, CD9, and keratin 7), cell cycle (Cdc2p34, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma (Rb), p27, p21, parafibromin, Bmi-1, 14-3-3σ, and p53), and apoptosis (Bcl-2a, Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and glutathione-S-transferase-isoenzyme π (Gst-π)) along with some markers of the sonic hedgehog (Smo, SHH, Gli-1, Gli-2, Gli-3, and patched), mTOR (AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and Forkhead box O (FoxO)-1), and WNT (Wisp-1, Wisp-2, and β-catenin) signal transduction pathways. Protein expression was determined using computerized image analysis software (Spectrum Plus©, Aperio). Bcl-2a, parafibromin, Rb, and p27 were significantly decreased to variable degrees in all parathyroid carcinomas. COX-1/2, CD9, MMP-1, FoxO-1, VEGFR-2, PDGFR-α/β, Gst-π, Gli-1, Gli-2, Gli-3, and patched were expressed in the majority of benign and malignant tumor cells. These results indicate that the use of a panel that includes Bcl-2a, parafibromin, Rb, and p27 may be helpful in the assessment of atypical parathyroid neoplasms. Although the majority of other markers studied are also expressed in both benign and malignant parathyroid neoplasms, we have identified several potentially important target proteins related to angiogenesis and cell proliferation along with COX-1/2, Gst-π and members of sonic hedgehog pathway that may be therapeutic targets in parathyroid carcinoma. While these results are preliminary, a successful outcome of a clinical trial directed against these novel targets would provide much needed systemic adjuvant treatment for patients with metastatic parathyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boban M Erovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Wharton Head and Neck Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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ALFEREZ DENISG, GOODLAD ROBERTA, ODEDRA RAJESH, SINI PATRIZIA, CRAFTER CLAIRE, RYAN ANDERSONJ, WEDGE STEPHENR, WRIGHT NICHOLASA, ANDERSON ELIZABETH, WILKINSON ROBERTW. Inhibition of Aurora-B kinase activity confers antitumor efficacy in preclinical mouse models of early and advanced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1475-85. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Erovic BM, Al Habeeb A, Harris L, Goldstein DP, Kim D, Ghazarian D, Irish JC. Identification of novel target proteins in sebaceous gland carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:642-8. [PMID: 22715107 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to identify new target proteins in sebaceous gland carcinoma. METHODS A tissue microarray containing 115 core biopsies was constructed and stained for proteins involved in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell-to-cell contact. Two investigators independently determined protein expression of all antibodies. RESULTS Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha and beta (PDGFR-α/-β), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (Cox-1/-2), myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), CD9, Bmi-1, 14-3-3σ, glutathione S-transferase pi (Gstπ), and members of the sonic hedgehog (SHH), AKT, and WNT pathways were significantly overexpressed in sebaceous gland carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that proteins related to angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell proliferation are overexpressed in sebaceous gland carcinomas. These proteins may hold promise as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of sebaceous gland carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boban M Erovic
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Siegel EM, Jacobsen PB, Malafa M, Fulp W, Fletcher M, Lee JH, Smith JCR, Brown R, Levine R, Cartwright T, Abesada-Terk G, Kim G, Alemany C, Faig D, Sharp P, Markham MJ, Shibata D. Evaluating the quality of colorectal cancer care in the state of Florida: results from the Florida Initiative for Quality Cancer Care. J Oncol Pract 2012. [PMID: 23180990 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2011.000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Florida Initiative for Quality Cancer Care (FIQCC) was established to evaluate the quality of cancer care at the regional level across the state of Florida. This study assessed adherence to validated quality indicators in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the variability in adherence by practice site, volume, and patient age. METHODS The FIQCC is a consortium of 11 medical oncology practices in Florida. Medical record reviews were conducted for 507 patients diagnosed with CRC and seen as new medical oncology patients in 2006. Thirty-five indicators were evaluated individually and categorized across clinical domains and components of care. RESULTS The mean adherence for 19 of 35 individual indicators was > 85%. Pathology reports were compliant on reporting depth of tumor invasion (96%; range, 86% to 100%), grade (93%; range, 72% to 100%), and status of proximal and distal surgical resection margins (97%; range. 86% to 100%); however, documentation of lymphovascular and perineural invasion did not meet adherence standards (76%; range, 53% to 100% and 39%; range, 5% to 83%, respectively). Among patients with nonmetastatic rectal cancer, documentation of the status of surgical radial margins was consistently low across sites (42%; range, 0% to 100%; P = .19). Documentation of planned treatment regimens for adjuvant chemotherapy was noted in only 58% of eligible patients. CONCLUSION In this large regional initiative, we found high levels of adherence to more than half of the established quality indicators. Although the quality of care delivered within FIQCC practices seems to be high, several components of care were identified that warrant further scrutiny on both a systemic level and at individual centers.
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Krishnaiah YSR, Khan MA. Strategies of targeting oral drug delivery systems to the colon and their potential use for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 17:521-40. [PMID: 22681390 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.696268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. Often, surgical intervention remains the choice in treating CRC. Traditional dosage forms used for treating CRC deliver drug to wanted as well as unwanted sites of drug action resulting in several adverse side effects. Targeted oral drug delivery systems are being investigated to target and deliver chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents directly to colon and rectum. Site-specific delivery of a drug to colon increases its concentration at the target site, and thus requires a lower dose with reduced incidence of side effects. The major obstacle to be overcome for successful targeting of drug to colon through oral route is that drug absorption/degradation must be avoided in stomach and small intestine before the dosage form reaches colon. The review includes discussion of physiological factors that must be considered when targeting drugs directly to colorectal region, an outline on drugs used for treatment and prevention of CRC, and a brief description of various types of colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems. The focus is on the assessment of various formulation approaches being investigated for oral colon-specific delivery of drugs used in the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yellela S R Krishnaiah
- Division of Product Quality Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Springs, MD 20993, USA.
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NF-κB p65 phosphorylated at serine-536 is an independent prognostic factor in Swedish colorectal cancer patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 2012; 27:447-52. [PMID: 22102084 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-011-1356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The NF-κB transcription factor protein family has diverse cellular and biological functions, and posttranslational modification is important to regulate these functions. An important site of phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 subunit is at serine-536 (phospho-Ser536-p65), and this phosphorylation is involved in regulation of transcriptional activity, nuclear localization, and protein stability. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 in colorectal cancers and its relationships with clinicopathological factors. The expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 203 primary colorectal cancers, 156 normal mucosa specimens, and 18 metastases in the lymph nodes. RESULTS The expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 increased from normal mucosa to primary tumor (p < 0.0001). Further, the increased expression of phospho-Ser536-p65 in the cytoplasm of the primary tumors correlated with worse survival of the patients independently of gender, age, tumor location, stage, and differentiation (p = 0.04; hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI 1.03-3.47). CONCLUSION The NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylated at serine-536 is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients.
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Caccia D, Zanetti Domingues L, Miccichè F, De Bortoli M, Carniti C, Mondellini P, Bongarzone I. Secretome compartment is a valuable source of biomarkers for cancer-relevant pathways. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4196-207. [PMID: 21751813 DOI: 10.1021/pr200344n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In principle, targeted therapies have optimal activity against a specific subset of tumors that depend upon the targeted molecule or pathway for growth, survival, or metastasis. Consequently, it is important in drug development and clinical practice to have predictive biomarkers that can reliably identify patients who will benefit from a given therapy. We analyzed tumor cell-line secretomes (conditioned cell media) to look for predictive biomarkers; secretomes represent a potential source for potential biomarkers that are expressed in intracellular signaling and therefore may reflect changes induced by targeted therapy. Using Gene Ontology, we classified by function the secretome proteins of 12 tumor cell lines of different histotypes. Representations and hierarchical relationships among the functional groups differed among the cell lines. Using bioinformatics tools, we identified proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways. For example, we found that secretome proteins related to TGF-beta signaling in thyroid cancer cells, such as vasorin, CD109, and βIG-H3 (TGFBI), were sensitive to RPI-1 and dasatinib treatments, which have been previously demonstrated to be effective in blocking cell proliferation. The secretome may be a valuable source of potential biomarkers for detecting cancer and measuring the effectiveness of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Caccia
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Mauerer A, Herschberger E, Dietmaier W, Landthaler M, Hafner C. Low incidence of EGFR and HRAS mutations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of a German cohort. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:848-50. [PMID: 21771097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The response of patients with lung cancer to EGFR inhibitors is significantly associated with the presence of EGFR mutations. Although these drugs have already been used for the treatment of advanced cutaneous SCC, the knowledge about EGFR mutations in this cancer is limited to one previous study in the US population. We analysed the presence of EGFR and concomitant HRAS mutations in a German cohort of 31 patients with cutaneous SCC by direct sequencing of EGFR and SNaPshot analysis of concomitant RAS mutations. We found a low prevalence of EGFR mutations (1/31; 3%) and HRAS mutations (1/31; 3%). The detected P741L EGFR mutation was proven to be somatic. Our results indicate that both EGFR and HRAS mutations are rare events in the carcinogenesis of cutaneous SCC, and therefore, only a small subgroup of patients will benefit from the screening for EGFR mutations in the run-up to targeted therapies with EGFR inhibitors.
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