1
|
Janczewski LM, Vitello DJ, Warwar SC, Buchheit JT, Wells A, Hardy A, Pollack S, Viveiros P, Abad J, Bentrem D, Wayne J, Chawla A. Utilization of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Localized Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and the Association with Survival. J Gastrointest Surg 2024:S1091-255X(24)00528-6. [PMID: 38964534 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For gastric GISTs, neoadjuvant imatinib is most often reserved for tumors near the gastroesophageal junction, multi-visceral involvement, or limited metastatic disease. Whether localized gastric GISTs benefit from neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) remains unknown. We sought to examine factors associated with NAT utilization for localized gastric GISTs and evaluate implications on survival. METHODS The National Cancer Database identified patients with localized gastric GISTs treated with NAT (2010-2020), excluding tumors extending beyond the gastric wall, located in the cardia, or with metastatic disease. Multivariable logistic regression assessed characteristics of NAT use. After 1:1 propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression assessed overall survival (OS). RESULTS Of 7,203 patients, 762 (10.6%) received NAT followed by resection. On multivariable analysis, increasing tumor size was associated with NAT use (<2.0cm vs 2.0-5.0cm OR:2.03, 95%CI 1.19-3.47, p=0.010; vs >5cm OR:16.87, 95%CI 10.02-28.40, p<0.001). After propensity score matching, 1,506 patients remained. Median OS for NAT was 46.0 months vs 43.0 months for resection (p=0.059) which was independently predictive of improved survival (HR:0.89; 95%CI 0.80-0.99, p=0.041). Subgroup analysis by tumor size showed no survival differences for tumors <2.0cm or 2.0-5.0cm. Median OS was higher for tumors >5.0cm treated with NAT (NAT:45.4 months [IQR 29.5-65.9]. vs upfront resection:42.3 months [26.9-62.8]) and associated with improved survival on multivariable analysis (HR:0.88; 95%CI 0.78-0.99, p=0.040). CONCLUSION Although patients who received NAT had improved survival, this was primarily due to tumors >5.0cm. Expanding NAT selection criteria to include localized gastric GISTs >5.0cm may improve outcomes and warrants investigation through clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Janczewski
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
| | - Dominic J Vitello
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Samantha C Warwar
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Joanna T Buchheit
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amy Wells
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley Hardy
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Seth Pollack
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Pedro Viveiros
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - John Abad
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Bentrem
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeffrey Wayne
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Akhil Chawla
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Northwestern Quality Improvement, Research, & Education in Surgery (NQUIRES), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta V, Chopde A, Chaudhari V, Bal M, Shrikhande SV, Bhandare MS. Primary Pancreatic GIST - A-Single Centre Case Series and Systematic Review of Literature. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:572-583. [PMID: 38324136 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE GISTs arising from organs outside GI tract are defined as extragastrointestinal GISTs (EGIST). The majority of EGISTs arise from small intestinal mesentry, mesocolon, omentum, retroperitoneum, abdominal wall, liver and pancreas with pancreas comprising less than 5% of it. Due to limited data, it is unknown if the results of GIST can be generalised for EGISTs. We thereby present the largest single-centre case series of primary pancreatic GIST so far with review of existing literature. METHODS A total of 9 patients of primary pancreatic GIST were treated at our institute from September 2016 to February 2023. After literature search for all studies published before February 2023, 51 articles including 57 patients were identified. Their clinicopathological data and survival analysis were assessed. RESULTS The median age of patients treated at our centre was 53 years with a female predominance. The most common epicentre was pancreatic head with abdominal pain as the most common presenting symptom. All 57 patients documented in literature belonged to a similar age group with similar gender predilection. The factors impacting DFS were histologic type, mitotic index, NIH risk category and adjuvant therapy. The median DFS was 74 months with a 5-year DFS being 71.9%, while the 5-year OS was 90.4%. CONCLUSION Pancreatic GIST is a rare entity. Due to limited evidence and evolving literature, results cannot be generalised to a larger population. Larger case series with longer follow-up data are required to further understand the disease biology and long-term outcomes of pancreatic GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Gupta
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Amit Chopde
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Vikram Chaudhari
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Munita Bal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Shailesh V Shrikhande
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Manish S Bhandare
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-pancreato-biliary services, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prasad AS, Shanbhogue KP, Ramani NS, Balasubramanya R, Surabhi VR. Non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: a review of tumor genetics, pathology, and cross-sectional imaging findings. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:1716-1733. [PMID: 38691132 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a diverse group of non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that demonstrate characteristic pathology and histogenesis as well as variable imaging findings and biological behavior. Recent advancements in tumor genetics have unveiled specific abnormalities associated with certain tumors, influencing their molecular pathogenesis, biology, response to treatment, and prognosis. Notably, giant fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus, identified through MDM2 gene amplifications, are now classified as liposarcomas. Some tumors exhibit distinctive patterns of disease distribution. Glomus tumors and plexiform fibromyxomas exhibit a pronounced affinity for the gastric antrum. In contrast, smooth muscle tumors within the GI tract are predominantly found in the esophagus and colorectum, surpassing the incidence of GISTs in these locations. Surgical resection suffices for symptomatic benign tumors; multimodality treatment may be necessary for frank sarcomas. This article aims to elucidate the cross-sectional imaging findings associated with a wide spectrum of these tumors, providing insights that align with their histopathological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisha S Ramani
- Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, USA
| | | | - Venkateswar R Surabhi
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yano T, Yamamoto H. Endoscopic Diagnosis of Small Bowel Tumor. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1704. [PMID: 38730658 PMCID: PMC11083951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances, including capsule endoscopy (CE) and balloon-assisted endoscopy (BAE), have revealed that small intestinal disease is more common than previously thought. CE has advantages, including a high diagnostic yield, discomfort-free, outpatient basis, and physiological images. BAE enabled endoscopic diagnosis and treatment in the deep small bowel. Computed tomography (CT) enterography with negative oral contrast can evaluate masses, wall thickening, and narrowing of the small intestine. In addition, enhanced CT can detect abnormalities outside the gastrointestinal tract that endoscopy cannot evaluate. Each modality has its advantages and disadvantages, and a good combination of multiple modalities leads to an accurate diagnosis. As a first-line modality, three-phase enhanced CT is preferred. If CT shows a mass, stenosis, or wall thickening, a BAE should be selected. If there are no abnormal findings on CT and no obstructive symptoms, CE should be selected. If there are significant findings in the CE, determine the indication for BAE and its insertion route based on these findings. Early diagnosis of small intestinal tumors is essential for favorable outcomes. For early diagnosis, the possibility of small bowel lesions should be considered in patients with unexplained symptoms and signs after examination of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neirouz K, Mehdi TM, Mehdi K, Mohamed G, Annouar O, Ramzi N. Digestive bleeding due to jejunal stromal tumor: A train can hide another-A case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241235010. [PMID: 38495731 PMCID: PMC10943719 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241235010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors (GIST) are the most prevalent sarcoma tumors affecting the digestive tract. GIST originates from Cajal cells located within the digestive tract's wall. These cells play a crucial role in regulating digestive peristaltism as they are considered pacemaker cells. These tumors are especially located in the stomach (60%) but can also be seen in the small bowel (30%), in which jejunal stromal tumors are estimated to reach (40%). In this case report, we describe a jejunal GIST, which was initially discovered due to active bleeding, serving as the primary symptom, along with an underlying small loop intussusception. In our knowledge, GIST causing an intussusception is a rare entity in literature as well as GIST causing active bleeding. For that aim, we present a 36-year-old male patient, presented to our department with melena. An abdominal computed tomography scan was performed, revealing a small bowel intussusception associated with a 2 cm tumor. Despite the imprecise cause of the bleeding, due to the ongoing active hemorrhage, we decided to proceed with an emergency laparotomy, suspecting a tumorous origin of the bleeding. During the surgery, the tumor was located in the jejunum. The affected jejunal segment containing the tumor was resected, and an anastomosis was performed. Pathology examination confirmed a stromal tumor. The postoperative follow-up was uneventful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kammoun Neirouz
- Department B of Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Khalfallah Mehdi
- Department B of Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Guelbi Mohamed
- Department B of Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Oueslati Annouar
- Department B of Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nouira Ramzi
- Department B of Surgery, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Zhang R, Qiao Z, Ye Y, Xia K, Feng Y, Xu X. Prognostic factors for liver metastasis in patients with small intestinal stromal tumor: A retrospective analysis of surveillance, epidemiology, and end results. World J Surg 2024; 48:598-609. [PMID: 38501551 DOI: 10.1002/wjs.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis (LIM) is the most common distant site of metastasis in small intestinal stromal tumors (SISTs). The aim of this study was to determine the risk and prognostic factors associated with LIM in patients with SISTs. METHODS Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors between 2010 and 2019 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models, as well as a Cox regression model were used to explore the risk factors associated with the development and prognosis of LIM. Additionally, the overall survival (OS) of patients with LIM was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram was constructed, and the model's performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS A total of 1582 eligible patients with SISTs were included, among whom 146 (9.2%) were diagnosed with LIM. Poor tumor grade, absence of surgery, later T-stage, and no chemotherapy were associated with an increased risk of developing LIM. The nomogram prediction model achieved an AUC of 0.810, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.773-0.846, indicating good performance, and the calibration curve showed excellent accuracy in predicting LIM. The OS rate of patients with LIM was significantly lower than that of patients without LIM (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with SISTs who are at high risk of developing LIM deserve more attention during follow-up, as LIM can significantly affect patient prognosis. The nomogram demonstrated good calibration and discrimination for predicting LIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luojie Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rufa Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kaijian Xia
- Department of Scientific Research, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunfu Feng
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Y, Ling Y, Chen X, Ding C, Jin Y, Feng S, Chen Z, Guo J, Qiu H. Radiofrequency ablation vs. hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:133. [PMID: 38362234 PMCID: PMC10867732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
For patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and liver metastases, there is still debate about whether radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or hepatectomy is preferable. The present study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of RFA with hepatectomy in patients with GISTs and liver metastases. The present retrospective study consisted of a cohort of 43 patients who had been diagnosed with liver metastases from GISTs between January 2010 and December 2022. The study included 18 patients who received RFA combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy (RFA group) and 25 patients who underwent hepatectomy combined with TKI therapy (hepatectomy group). For the patients with liver metastases, the progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 66.5, 38.2 and 33.9%, respectively. Notably, patients in the hepatectomy group exhibited significantly improved PFS times compared with those in the RFA group (median PFS, 42.7 months vs. 14.3 months; P=0.034). Furthermore, the time to imatinib treatment failure (TTF) was notably improved in the hepatectomy group compared with that in the RFA group, and this difference was statistically significant (median TTF, 71.1 vs. 38.0 months; P=0.041). However, the overall survival (OS) times of patients who received RFA and those who had hepatectomy did not differ significantly (median OS, not reached vs. not reached, P=0.120). There was no statistically significant distinction in PFS and TTF between patients who underwent hepatectomy combined with postoperative TKI and those who underwent hepatectomy combined with perioperative TKI (median PFS, 29.5 vs. not reached; P=0.520; median TTF, 66.4 months vs. 71.1 months; P=0.430). The univariate and multivariate analyses consistently identified the sole prognostic factor affecting PFS as hepatectomy combined with TKI therapy (hazard ratio, 0.379; 95% CI, 0.159-0.899; P=0.028). In conclusion, hepatectomy combined with TKI therapy improved prognosis for patients with liver metastases to a greater extent than RFA combined with TKI therapy. For this type of patient, hepatectomy may be a preferable option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zeng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Ling
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Jin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shoucheng Feng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhenchong Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song T, Hong Q, Wu Y. Pancreatic Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e54514. [PMID: 38516419 PMCID: PMC10955504 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are soft tissue sarcomas that originate from the mesenchymal cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Extra-GISTs (EGISTs) are caused by sites outside the gastrointestinal tract. We reported a case of EGIST of the pancreas in a 51-year-old woman. Enhanced CT scan showed a rounded, slightly hypointense focus in the head of the pancreas and the right pars compacta of the descending duodenum. Routine laboratory and endocrine tests were unremarkable. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery. The diagnosis of EGIST was confirmed through histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The tumor was found to be CD117+, CD34+, and DOG+ with a high risk of malignancy. No recurrence was observed during the nine-month postoperative follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Song
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, CHN
| | - Qiang Hong
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, CHN
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, CHN
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CHN
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Agyemang EA, Williams AS, Obionwu NC, Abdallah M. From Black Stools to Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST): A Case Report and Literature Review on This Unsuspected Danger. Cureus 2024; 16:e55172. [PMID: 38558682 PMCID: PMC10980561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report presents the clinical details of a 42-year-old female without previous medical issues who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) characterized by melanotic stools. Initial examination revealed mild anemia and subsequent endoscopy identified a 4 cm submucosal gastric mass displaying recent bleeding indicators. Subsequent surgical pathology confirmed a high-grade gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of grade 2 with a heightened risk of recurrence. The significance of this case lies in underscoring the necessity of considering GIST in the differential diagnosis of UGIB, particularly among middle-aged individuals with no identifiable risk factors such as recent or chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, peptic ulcer disease, or alarm symptoms. Early detection and prompt surgical intervention assume paramount importance in enhancing patient outcomes. While complete resection stands as the cornerstone of treatment, adjuvant imatinib therapy is recommended for high-risk patients to mitigate the risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nosike C Obionwu
- Internal Medicine, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Malaz Abdallah
- Internal Medicine, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trotter N, White J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e243613. [PMID: 37967927 PMCID: PMC10660897 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercalcaemia is recognised as the most common oncological metabolic emergency, with several proposed underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, hypercalcaemia has been rarely reported as a complication in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). GISTs are uncommon mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. There are only nine previous cases of hypercalcaemia occurring in patients with GIST reported in the literature. We report a case of a man in his 70s with a background of metastatic GIST on fourth-line treatment. The patient presented with new hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury. Despite medical management, his calcium remained elevated and he deteriorated secondary to significant disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Trotter
- Internal Medicine, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jeff White
- Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Costa A, Gozzellino L, Nannini M, Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA, Pasquinelli G. Preclinical Models of Visceral Sarcomas. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1624. [PMID: 38002306 PMCID: PMC10669128 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral sarcomas are a rare malignant subgroup of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). STSs, accounting for 1% of all adult tumors, are derived from mesenchymal tissues and exhibit a wide heterogeneity. Their rarity and the high number of histotypes hinder the understanding of tumor development mechanisms and negatively influence clinical outcomes and treatment approaches. Although some STSs (~20%) have identifiable genetic markers, as specific mutations or translocations, most are characterized by complex genomic profiles. Thus, identification of new therapeutic targets and development of personalized therapies are urgent clinical needs. Although cell lines are useful for preclinical investigations, more reliable preclinical models are required to develop and test new potential therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the available in vitro and in vivo models of visceral sarcomas, whose gene signatures are still not well characterized, to highlight current challenges and provide insights for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costa
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Livia Gozzellino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi X, Chen Z, Shou C, Bai H, Yang W, Zhang Q, Liu X, Yu J. The prognostic role of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with a primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a long-term follow-up study. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:2028-2038. [PMID: 37969844 PMCID: PMC10643578 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the common symptoms of GI stromal tumor (GIST). Although several studies have highlighted its prognostic role, conclusions have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of GIST patients with GI bleeding. Methods Primary GIST patients who underwent complete resection and did not receive adjuvant imatinib therapy from January 2003 to December 2008 were reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS), and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to reduce confounders. A systematic review of the published articles in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Collaboration, and Medline databases was also conducted, and the inclusion criteria were determined using PICOS (patients, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design) principles. Results In total, 84 patients presenting with GI bleeding and 90 patients without GI bleeding were enrolled in this study. The median time of follow-up was 140 months (range, 10-196 months), and 38 patients developed tumor recurrence/metastasis. For all patients, the multivariate analysis indicated that tumor location [hazard ratio (HR) =3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-6.82, P<0.001], tumor size (HR =1.91, 95% CI: 1.05-3.47, P=0.035), mitotic index (MI; HR =5.69, 95% CI: 2.77-11.67, P<0.001), and age (HR =2.68, 95% CI: 1.49-4.82, P=0.001) were the independent prognostic factors for poor RFS. However, GI bleeding was not associated with RFS (HR =1.21, 95% CI: 0.68-2.14, P=0.518). After PSM, 45 patients from each group were included, and it was found that GI bleeding was still not the independent prognostic factor (HR =1.23, 95% CI: 0.51-2.97, P=0.642). Moreover, the pooled results of our study and six previously reported studies showed that GI bleeding was not the independent prognostic factor (HR =1.45, 95% CI: 0.73-2.86, P=0.287). Conclusions In this study, tumor location, tumor size, MI, and age were independent prognostic factors in primary GIST patients who underwent radical resection. However, GI bleeding was not associated with worse RFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Shou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosun Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiren Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rhodin KE, DeLaura IF, Horne E, Bartholomew A, Howell TC, Kanu E, Masoud S, Lidsky ME, Nussbaum DP, Blazer DG. Impact of Tumor Size and Management on Survival in Small Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 27:2076-2084. [PMID: 37433950 PMCID: PMC10592390 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-023-05779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Society guidelines remain inconsistent on the role of endoscopic and radiographic surveillance as an alternative to surgical resection of small gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Herein, we aimed to assess survival among patients with gastric GISTs undergoing observation versus surgical resection, stratified by tumor size. METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for gastric GISTs < 2 cm diagnosed from 2010-2017. Patients were stratified by management strategy-observation vs surgical resection. The primary outcome, overall survival (OS), was examined with Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazard methods. Subgroup analyses were conducted on tumors < 1 cm and 1-2 cm in size. RESULTS Altogether, 1208 patients were identified: 439 (36.3%) undergoing observation and 769 (63.7%) receiving surgical resection. In the overall cohort, patients undergoing surgical resection demonstrated improved survival (93.6 vs. 88.8% 5-year OS, p=0.02). In multivariable analysis, upfront surgical resection was not associated with a reduction in mortality; however, there was a significant interaction with tumor size. For patients with tumors < 1 cm, there was no difference in survival based on management strategy. However, resection of tumors 1-2 cm was associated with improved survival relative to surveillance. CONCLUSIONS While surgical resection and surveillance were associated with similar survival for patients with gastric GISTs < 1 cm, this NCDB analysis suggests that patients with tumor size ≥ 1 cm may benefit from upfront surgical resection. Prospective studies comparing these two approaches and their impact on recurrence-free and disease-specific survival are needed to better align consensus guidelines and recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Rhodin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Isabel F DeLaura
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Elizabeth Horne
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alex Bartholomew
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas C Howell
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Elishama Kanu
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sabran Masoud
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael E Lidsky
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Daniel P Nussbaum
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Dan G Blazer
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Meng R, Ni M, Ren W, Zhou T, Zhang X, Yan P, Ding X, Xu G, Lv Y, Zou X, Zhou L, Wang L. Comparison of Modified Cap-Assisted Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Treating Intraluminal Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (≤20 mm). Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2023; 14:e00589. [PMID: 37019655 PMCID: PMC10299766 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A modified cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (mEMR-C), introduced in this study, was a novel variation of the standard EMR. We aimed to compare the outcomes of mEMR-C and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the treatment of small (≤20 mm) intraluminal gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs). METHODS This retrospective study included 43 patients who underwent mEMR-C and 156 patients who received ESD at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Baseline characteristics, adverse events, and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to adjust for confounders. After propensity score matching using sex, year, location, and tumor size, outcomes were compared with 41 patients in each group. RESULTS A total of 199 patients underwent endoscopic resection and the en bloc resection rate was 100%. The complete resection rate was comparable in both groups ( P = 1.000). Approximately 9.5% of all patients had a positive margin. There was no significant difference in positive margin for patients undergoing mEMR-C or ESD (9.3% vs 9.6%, P = 1.000). No difference in adverse events in both groups ( P = 0.724). The mEMR-C was associated with shorter operation time and lower cost than the ESD. Recurrence was reported in 2 patients at 1 and 5 years after ESD during a median follow-up of 62 months. No metastasis and disease-related death were identified in both groups. Propensity score matching analysis revealed similar results. DISCUSSION The mEMR-C was found to be the preferable technique for small (≤20 mm) intraluminal gGISTs with shorter operation time and lower cost as compared with ESD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo CM, Tang L, Li X, Huang LY. TATA-box-binding protein-associated factor 15 is a novel biomarker that promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2932-2949. [PMID: 37274797 PMCID: PMC10237090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i19.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common neoplasm with high rates of recurrence and metastasis, and its therapeutic efficacy is still not ideal. There is an unmet need to find new molecular therapeutic targets for GIST. TATA-box-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15) contributes to the progress of various tumors, while the role and molecular mechanism of TAF15 in GIST progression are still unknown.
AIM To explore new molecular therapeutic targets for GIST and understand the biological role and underlying mechanisms of TAF15 in GIST progression.
METHODS Proteomic analysis was performed to explore the differentially expressed proteins in GIST. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis were used to verify the expression level of TAF15 in GIST tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, wound-healing and transwell assay were executed to detect the ability of TAF15 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A xenograft mouse model was applied to explore the role of TAF15 in the progression of GIST. Western blotting was used to detect the phosphorylation level and total level of RAF1, MEK and ERK1/2.
RESULTS A total of 1669 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins with 762 upregulated and 907 downregulated in GIST. TAF15 was selected for the further study because of its important role in cell proliferation and migration. TAF15 was significantly over expressed in GIST tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TAF15 was associated with larger tumor size and higher risk stage of GIST. TAF15 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation and migration of GIST in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, the inhibition of TAF15 expression significantly decreased the phosphorylation level of RAF1, MEK and ERK1/2 in GIST cells and xenograft tissues, while the total RAF1, MEK and ERK1/2 had no significant change.
CONCLUSION TAF15 is over expressed in GIST tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of TAF15 was associated with a poor prognosis of GIST patients. TAF15 promotes cell proliferation and migration in GIST via the activation of the RAF1/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, TAF15 is expected to be a novel latent molecular biomarker or therapeutic target of GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liu-Ye Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Archer JM, Ahuja J, Strange CD, Shroff GS, Gladish GW, Sabloff BS, Truong MT. Multimodality imaging of mediastinal masses and mimics. MEDIASTINUM (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2023; 7:27. [PMID: 37701642 PMCID: PMC10493620 DOI: 10.21037/med-22-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions occur in the mediastinum. Imaging plays a central role in the evaluation of mediastinal pathologies and their mimics. Localization of a mediastinal lesion to a compartment and characterization of morphology, density/signal intensity, enhancement, and mass effect on neighboring structures can help narrow the differentials. The International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) established a cross-sectional imaging-derived and anatomy-based classification system for mediastinal compartments, comprising the prevascular (anterior), visceral (middle), and paravertebral (posterior) compartments. Cross-sectional imaging is integral in the evaluation of mediastinal lesions. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful to characterize mediastinal lesions detected on radiography. Advantages of CT include its widespread availability, fast acquisition time, relatively low cost, and ability to detect calcium. Advantages of MRI include the lack of radiation exposure, superior soft tissue contrast resolution to detect invasion of the mass across tissue planes, including the chest wall and diaphragm, involvement of neurovascular structures, and the potential for dynamic sequences during free-breathing or cinematic cardiac gating to assess motion of the mass relative to adjacent structures. MRI is superior to CT in the differentiation of cystic from solid lesions and in the detection of fat to differentiate thymic hyperplasia from thymic malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Matthew Archer
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jitesh Ahuja
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad D. Strange
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Girish S. Shroff
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregory W. Gladish
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley S. Sabloff
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma J, Zhu J, Yu S, Zhou C, Duan S, Zhang Y. An ileal gastrointestinal stromal tumor misdiagnosed as pelvic metastases from rectal cancer: a case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164391. [PMID: 37182150 PMCID: PMC10166831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of imaging and pathological diagnostic methods, it is not uncommon to see synchronous gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other primary cancers, the most common of which are synchronous gastric cancer and gastric GIST. However, synchronous advanced rectal cancer and high-risk GIST in the terminal ileum are extremely rare, and they are easily misdiagnosed as rectal cancer with pelvic metastases due to their special location near iliac vessels. Herein, we report a 55-year-old Chinese woman with rectal cancer. Preoperative imaging revealed a middle and lower rectal lesion with a right pelvic mass (considered possible metastasis from rectal cancer). Through multidisciplinary discussions, we suspected the possibility of rectal cancer synchronous with a GIST in the terminal ileum. Intraoperative exploration by laparoscopy revealed a terminal ileal mass with pelvic adhesion, a rectal mass with plasma membrane depression, and no abdominal or liver metastases. Laparoscopic radical proctectomy (DIXON) plus partial small bowel resection plus prophylactic loop ileostomy was performed, and the pathological report confirmed the coexistence of advanced rectal cancer and a high-risk ileal GIST. The patient was treated with the chemotherapy (CAPEOX regimen) plus targeted therapy(imatinib) after surgery, and no abnormalities were observed on the follow-up examination. Synchronous rectal cancer and ileal GIST are rare and easily misdiagnosed as a rectal cancer with pelvic metastases, and careful preoperative imaging analysis and prompt laparoscopic exploration are required to determine the diagnosis and prolong patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- Department of Imaging, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Shuihong Yu
- Research and Experimental Center, Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing, China
| | - Chaoping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Shuqiang Duan
- Department of Pathology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Masucci MT, Motti ML, Minopoli M, Di Carluccio G, Carriero MV. Emerging Targeted Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Imatinib Resistance of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076026. [PMID: 37046997 PMCID: PMC10094678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The gold standard for the diagnosis of GISTs is morphologic analysis with an immunohistochemical evaluation plus genomic profiling to assess the mutational status of lesions. The majority of GISTs are driven by gain-of-function mutations in the proto-oncogene c-KIT encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) known as KIT and in the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor (PDGFRA) genes. Approved therapeutics are orally available as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting KIT and/or PDGFRA oncogenic activation. Among these, imatinib has changed the management of patients with unresectable or metastatic GISTs, improving their survival time and delaying disease progression. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with GISTs experience disease progression after 2-3 years of imatinib therapy due to the development of secondary KIT mutations. Today, based on the identification of new driving oncogenic mutations, targeted therapy and precision medicine are regarded as the new frontiers for GISTs. This article reviews the most important mutations in GISTs and highlights their importance in the current understanding and treatment options of GISTs, with an emphasis on the most recent clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Masucci
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Motti
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gioconda Di Carluccio
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Preclinical Models of Tumor Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tagliaferri AR, Naseer M, Melki G, Azam S, Cavanagh Y. A Rare Presentation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Causing Gastroduodenal Intussusception. Cureus 2023; 15:e34632. [PMID: 36891025 PMCID: PMC9988366 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult intussusception is exceedingly rare and most commonly occurs in the stomach or ileum. It is less common for adult intussusception to be classified as gastroduodenal, which also carries a higher mortality rate. Adult intussusception usually warrants surgical intervention as the underlying cause is often malignancy. However, rarely, the etiology is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Here, we present the case of a patient who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and hemorrhagic shock and was diagnosed with gastroduodenal intussusception secondary to a gastric GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minha Naseer
- Internal Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Gabriel Melki
- Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Shoaib Azam
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| | - Yana Cavanagh
- Gastroenterology, St. Joseph's Regional Medical Center, Paterson, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sui C, Lin C, Tao T, Guan W, Zhang H, Tao L, Wang M, Wang F. Prognostic significance of serum CA125 in the overall management for patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36703123 PMCID: PMC9878806 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) is elevated as a tumor marker in many carcinomas, but its association with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has received less attention. This study intends to evaluate whether CA125 level can predict tumor progression and overall survival (OS) of GIST patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and follow-up records of GIST patients who underwent surgical resection in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2010 to December 2020. All patients were classified according to serum CA125 level. The relationship between CA125 and clinical outcomes was then examined. RESULTS A total of 406 GIST patients were enrolled in this study, among which 46 patients had preoperative elevated serum CA125 level and 13 patients with high CA125 level both preoperative and postoperative were observed. Preoperative CA125 concentration was significantly related to rupture status, resection style, tumor site, tumor size, mitotic index, NIH risk grade and c-kit exons. According to Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, high expression of postoperative CA125 was significantly correlated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and OS among patients with preoperative elevated CA125 level. Ultimately, Cox proportional regression model analysis revealed that increase of preoperative and concurrent postoperative CA125 concentration was an independent predictive factor for PFS. CONCLUSIONS The concurrent abnormality of serum CA125 before and after operation was an independent risk factor for GIST progression, suggesting its significance as a serum biomarker in the overall management of GIST patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sui
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China ,grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Lin
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China ,grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Tao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XMedical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Louis-Jean SF, Sabakhtarishvili G, Damota A, Tavadze M. An Unusual Case of Suspected Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Complicated by Streptococcus Intermedius Pyogenic Liver Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e34397. [PMID: 36874698 PMCID: PMC9977106 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract often known to express c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). Among all GI tract cancers, they account for less than 1% of cases. Most patients become symptomatic in the later stages of the tumor's course, often presenting with insidious anemia due to gastrointestinal bleeding and metastasis. The recommended management of solitary GIST is surgery, while larger or metastatic tumors that express c-KIT are managed with imatinib as either neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Due to the progression of these tumors, they are at times associated with systemic anaerobic infection, which is an indication of malignancy workup. In this case report, we discuss a 35-year-old woman who was discovered to have GIST with possible hepatic metastasis complicated by pyogenic liver disease due to Streptococcus intermedius and the diagnostic challenge of differentiating between infection and tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Damota
- Internal Medicine, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Maia Tavadze
- Medicine, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xia Z, Zhou Z, Guo W, Wang H, Wang F, Zhou F. Endoscopic submucosal excavation for gastric plexiform fibromyxoma: A case report and systematic review of literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1090259. [PMID: 37035143 PMCID: PMC10080140 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1090259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare mesenchymal tumor of which the pathogenesis and molecular changes are still unclear. Histologically, it is characterized by a cluster of bland spindle or ovoid cells growing in the mucoid or fibromyxoid stroma rich in small blood vessels. At present, surgical resection is the primary treatment for PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhidai Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Jalilzadeh Afshari S, Kak I, Alowami S. Gastric Schwannoma as an Important and Infrequent Differential Diagnosis of Gastric Mesenchymal Tumours: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e32112. [PMID: 36601161 PMCID: PMC9805384 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectrum for gastrointestinal tract mesenchymal tumours includes leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and schwannomas. Schwannomas (also known as neuroma, neurilemmomas or neurinomas of Verocay) are well-known slow-growing, benign neoplasms that originate from nerve plexuses within a Schwann cell sheath. They can arise anywhere along the course of the peripheral nerve and are frequently reported around the head and neck, brachial plexus and along the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, these tumours are detected as solitary; however, they can occur at multiple sites around the body. Schwannomatosis (multiple schwannomas) is usually associated with neurofibromatosis type 2; the pathogenesis is triggered by mutations of the neurofibromatosis 2 tumour suppressor gene resulting in a loss of its function. Solitary gastric schwannomas are rare lesions that arise from the nerve plexus of the gastric wall. Frequently they are detected incidentally or may present with nonspecific abdominal pain or bleeding. This paper reports the case of a 79-year-old patient diagnosed with gastric schwannoma after presenting with abdominal pain. Gastric schwannomas should be taken into consideration while making a differential diagnosis of lesions that are gastric mesenchymal tumours, which span a broad spectrum. Gastric schwannomas are typically benign, considerably less common than gastric GISTs, and have an excellent prognosis following excision.
Collapse
|
24
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Vagha SJ. KIT (CD117) Positive Huge Primary Malignant Extra Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (EGISTs) Arising From Jejunal Mesentery: A Rare Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e33168. [PMID: 36742272 PMCID: PMC9891314 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors arising outside gastrointestinal systems are known as extra gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). Outside gastrointestinal sites include the mesentery, omentum, peritoneum, pancreas, and liver. Our case highlights a rare occurrence of an EGIST in jejunal mesentery in a 45-year-old male with an asymptomatic large abdominal growth and weight loss. A contrast-enhanced multi-dimensional computed tomography scan showed a large heterogeneous mass in the left hypochondrium. lumbar, and paraumbilical regions. Later, the patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor along with the involved jejunal segment and small tumor masses in the mesentery. Histopathological examination reported a malignant EGIST of mesentery and invasion into the jejunum, further confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers like CD117 and smooth muscle actin with a high proliferative index (Ki67). One should be aware that these are different from other malignancies arising from the mesentery. Their cell of origin is different and needs a specific type of treatment. The clinical history, radiological findings, histopathology, and IHC help in diagnosing especially when they are arising from unusual areas like jejunal mesentery. Surgical intervention and chemotherapy are mainstay treatments.
Collapse
|
25
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Moron-Cabrera N, Calle-Encalada A, Gutierrez-Brito G, Vilchez E, Fernandes G, Calderon-Martinez E. Gastric Antral Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting With Severe Anemia. Cureus 2022; 14:e32728. [PMID: 36686111 PMCID: PMC9850645 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare gastrointestinal tract growths associated with high rates of malignant transformation. Most cases are asymptomatic and can be identified by computed tomography scan. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with melena and fatigue. Endoscopy showed an ulcerated submucosal tumor diagnosed as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor after surgical resection; it did not present with metastasis and was successfully treated surgically without relapse.
Collapse
|
26
|
Morini M, Gentilini F, Turba ME, Gobbo F, Mandrioli L, Bettini G. Mutational Analysis of c-KIT and PDGFRA in Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070376. [PMID: 35878393 PMCID: PMC9323380 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the canine gastrointestinal tract and are diagnosed by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT. Activating mutations of the proto-oncogenes c-KIT and PDGFRA drive GIST oncogenesis and are used to predict the response to RTK-inhibitors in human oncology. Currently, the frequency and significance of these mutations in canine GIST have not been adequately explored. Therefore, we investigated the mutational status of c-KIT (exons 9, 11 and 13) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) genes by PCR followed by fragment analysis for c-KIT deletions and PCR followed by screening with DHPLC and direct sequencing confirmation for single nucleotide variations in 17 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine GISTs confirmed by KIT immunopositivity. c-KIT mutations were detected in 47% of cases, with a mutation detection rate significantly higher (p = 0.0004, Fisher’s exact test) and always involving exon 11. A PDGFRA gene mutation (exon 18) was identified in one case. Even if follow-up data were not available for all cases, four cases with documented abdominal metastases displayed c-KIT mutations. These data confirm that c-KIT exon 11 mutations occur frequently in canine GISTs, and identify the presence of a PDGFRA mutation similar to human GISTs. This study also suggests a potential association of c-KIT mutation with more aggressive biological behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (F.G.); (F.G.); (L.M.); (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xue A, Gao X, He Y, Shu P, Huang X, Sun J, Lu J, Hou Y, Fang Y, Shen K. Role of Surgery in the Management of Liver Metastases From Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903487. [PMID: 35847933 PMCID: PMC9283564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical benefit of hepatectomy in patients with liver metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) has not been well defined in this era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Our study aims to demonstrate the survival advantage of adding hepatectomy in patients with GIST liver metastases. Methods Information on patients with metastatic GIST treated or consulted between January 2006 and December 2018 was retrieved. Patients without extrahepatic metastases were included and classified into the surgical (S group) and non-surgical (NS group). Clinicopathological features were compared and their association with survival was assessed. Results A total of 119 patients were included in this retrospective analysis, 62 in the S group and 59 in the NS group. Comparison of clinicopathological features showed that a markedly higher proportion of patients in the S group had ≤3 hepatic lesions (79.0% vs. 29.8%, p<0.001). After a median follow-up duration of 56 months, patients in the S group had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and marginally improved overall survival (OS) than those in the NS group (3y PFS:86.2% vs. 64.6%, p=0.002; 5y OS: 91.5% vs. 78.3%, p=0.083). After propensity score matching, multivariate analysis identified hepatectomy as the only significant prognostic factor for PFS while age, hepatectomy and max tumor diameter were significant predictor for OS. Conclusions Addition of hepatectomy provided longer disease control in patients with metastatic GIST confined to the liver. Upfront hepatectomy followed by imatinib therapy is worthwhile trying in patients with single and easily removable lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangshen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kuntang Shen, ; Yong Fang,
| | - Kuntang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kuntang Shen, ; Yong Fang,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): A Focus on Younger Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122831. [PMID: 35740497 PMCID: PMC9221273 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs mainly develop in older adults, and the median age of diagnosis is 60–65 years. The incidence of GISTs in young adult patients, defined as adults before 40, is less than 10%. The frequency and type of molecular abnormalities in this group of patients are different from those in older patients. In this publication, we focus on the specificity of GISTs in young people and the principles of therapeutic management and management of the side effects of treatment. Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) originate from Cajal’s cells and are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs in young adults, i.e., patients before the age of 40, are rare and differ from those in older patients and GISTs in children in terms of the molecular and clinical features, including the location and type of mutations. They often harbor other molecular abnormalities than KIT and PDGFRA mutations (wild-type GISTs). The general principles of therapeutic management in young patients are the same as in the elderly. Considering some differences in molecular abnormalities, molecular testing should be the standard procedure to allow appropriate systemic therapy if needed. The optimal treatment strategy should be established by a multidisciplinary team experienced in sarcoma treatment. The impact of treatment on the quality of life and daily activities, including the impact on work, pregnancy, and fertility, in this patient population should be especially taken into consideration.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang W, Chen H, Zhu L, Kong Z, Wang T, Li W. Gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor in adults: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221100772. [PMID: 35632985 PMCID: PMC9150259 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intussusception mostly occurs in childhood and is rare in adults. Although intussusception can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor is relatively uncommon in clinical practice. A PubMed search identified 24 published cases of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); however, it is possible that we missed other cases not included in PubMed. Here we report a case of gastroduodenal intussusception caused by gastric GIST in an 85-year-old man. He came to the hospital because of recurrent black stools. Plain computed tomography (CT) scan indicated a mass in the gastric antrum, with slight enhancement in the arterial phase on enhanced CT scan. He was diagnosed with GIST. In addition, images indicated that the mass overlapped into the duodenum, and gastroduodenal intussusception was thus considered. Gastroscopy showed a huge mass in the gastric body. According to the gastroscopy and CT results, gastroduodenal intussusception caused by a gastric tumor was considered. The patient underwent complete surgical removal, which revealed a mass originating from the gastric antrum and overlapping into the duodenum. The postoperative pathological diagnosis was intermediate-risk gastric GIST. The patient was followed up for 4 months without tumor recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Kong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jeong YJ, Hwang HS, Park YE, Nam KH, Oh SJ. A Huge Malignant Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a Young Patient. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 79:177-181. [PMID: 35473776 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms originating from the gastrointestinal tract that rarely occur in patients below 40 years of age. To our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of satellite and metastatic nodules in GIST. We present a case of a young patient with a huge malignant gastric GIST accompanied by spontaneous bleeding and satellite and metastatic nodules, successfully treated surgically, without preoperative chemotherapy administration. A 28-year-old man was admitted to Haeundae Paik Hospital with melena. A huge bulging gastric mass with ulceration and bleeding was observed on endoscopy. A subepithelial lesion on the stomach body, abutting the pancreatic body and tail, with regional lymph node enlargement was confirmed by EUS and CT. Radical total gastrectomy was performed, the invasion surrounding the pancreatic tail and spleen were surgically dissected, and enlarged lymph nodes around the celiac trunk and the common hepatic artery were removed. The pathology results showed a malignant GIST with two satellite nodules and a metastatic tumor nodule at the left paracardial lymph node site. After complete resection of the malignant GIST, adjuvant chemotherapy with imatinib was initiated. Follow-up CT and endoscopy performed 6 months after surgery confirmed no recurrence of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Oh
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Khan AS. Ileal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor as a Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleed: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e22856. [PMID: 35392443 PMCID: PMC8977124 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare, slowly growing submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Due to its indolent nature, GIST can go undetected for a long period of time. Symptomatic patients will typically develop abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. However, most commonly and recognizable, patients will have blood in their stool due to rapid bleeding from the tumor. We report a case of a late diagnosis of GIST in the ileum with a favorable outcome.
Collapse
|
32
|
Marcal LP, Surabhi VR, Ramani NS, Katabathina VS, Paspulati RM, Prasad SR. Mesenchymal Neoplasms of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles: Spectrum of Disease with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2022; 42:417-432. [PMID: 35030067 DOI: 10.1148/rg.210084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a wide spectrum of benign and malignant mesenchymal neoplasms of the prostate, which account for less than 1% of all prostatic tumors. These include distinctive tumors that arise from the specialized prostatic stroma and site-agnostic neoplasms such as smooth muscle tumors, fibrous or myofibroblastic neoplasms, neurogenic tumors, vascular tumors, and a plethora of sarcomas. Select tumors show classic sites of origin within the prostate. While stromal tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) commonly involve the peripheral zone at the prostate base, leiomyomas typically originate from the central prostate toward the apex. Some "prostatic" neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), paragangliomas, and neurogenic tumors arise primarily from periprostatic soft tissues. Most mesenchymal tumors of the prostate and seminal vesicles manifest as large tumors that cause nonspecific symptoms; prostate-specific antigen level is not typically elevated. Diverse mesenchymal neoplasms demonstrate characteristic histopathologic and immunocytochemical features and variable cross-sectional imaging findings. While leiomyoma and SFT typically display low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, synovial sarcomas commonly show hemorrhage. Diagnosis is difficult because of the rarity and lack of awareness of the tumors and the significant overlap in histopathologic features. Select tumors show characteristic genetic abnormalities that allow the diagnosis to be established. For example, more than 90% of SFTs are characterized by a unique NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion, and more than 95% of synovial sarcomas are associated with a distinctive SYT-SSX chimeric transcript. Accurate diagnosis is imperative for optimal management owing to markedly different tumor biology as well as attendant therapeutic and prognostic implications. While STUMPs commonly recur, sarcomas typically charter an aggressive course with poor prognosis. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo P Marcal
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| | - Venkateswar R Surabhi
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| | - Nisha S Ramani
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| | - Raj M Paspulati
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| | - Srinivasa R Prasad
- From the Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030-4009 (L.P.M., V.R.S., S.R.P.); Department of Pathology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Tex (N.S.R.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Tex (V.S.K.); and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (R.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Agaimy A. [Mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: an overview]. DER PATHOLOGE 2022; 43:31-44. [PMID: 34919183 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-01040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal tumors and tumor-like lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are uncommon. They vary from reactive tumefactive lesions and benign neoplasms to highly aggressive sarcomas. Among them, GI stromal tumors (GISTs) are most common, followed, with less frequency, by smooth muscle and neurogenic tumors. The major challenge resides in correctly identifying GISTs and providing a comprehensive report (including risk assessment and genotyping) that represents the basis for an optimized surgical-oncological treatment and/or adjuvant therapy. On the other hand, the challenge of benign lesions is to find a good name (well understandable and reproducible diagnostic term) that helps avoid diagnostic ambiguity and prognostic uncertainty so that overprognostication and overtreatment can be prevented. Moreover, several recently described genetically defined benign and malignant entities need be correctly diagnosed due to their special "targeted" therapeutic options and to further characterize their clinicopathological and biological properties in the future. These recent entities include aggressive epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (ALK-RANBP2-driven), malignant gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor (EWSR1-ATF1/CREB-related), NTRK-rearranged neoplasms, and, most recently, colorectal NUTM1-rearranged sarcomas. This review highlights the major clinicopathological features of gastrointestinal mesenchymal lesions in light of recent developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Agaimy
- Pathologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wei J, Zhong J, Chen Z, Huang Q, Wei F, Wang Q, Cao J. Survival outcome of local vs. radical excision in rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a SEER database analysis. BMC Surg 2022; 22:21. [PMID: 35065645 PMCID: PMC8783417 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The choice of surgical strategy for patients with rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) remains controversial. This study aims to address whether the surgical procedure [local excision (LE) vs. radical excision (RE)] influences the survival outcomes. Methods The information of the patients recruited in this study was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A survival curve was used to evaluate the differences in cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results No significant difference was detected in the CSS between the LE and RE groups. Also, no significant differences were observed in the CSS between the two groups with respect to different T classification, N classification, tumor differentiation, tumor size, regional LN surgery, age, gender, race, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The T classification and age were independent prognostic factors in rectal GIST patients. Conclusions LE and RE have similar survival time after surgery, and LE could be considered as an effective surgical approach for rectal GIST.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhai YH, Zheng Z, Deng W, Yin J, Bai ZG, Liu XY, Zhang J, Zhang ZT. Inflammation-related indicators to distinguish between gastric stromal tumors and leiomyomas: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:458-468. [PMID: 35097070 PMCID: PMC8771401 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i2.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric leiomyomas and gastric stromal tumors are the most common types of gastric tumors encountered. In recent years, the incidence of the two types of tumors has been increasing, but the differential diagnosis is still a challenge in clinical work. However, as there are many reports on stromal tumors and inflammation-related indicators are gradually being paid attention to as important factors in predicting tumor prognosis, the two main purposes of this study were to explore the inflammation-related differences between the two types of tumors and to develop a nomogram as a predictive model.
AIM To explore the differences in platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte mononuclear cell ratio (LMR), and SII between the two types of tumors, and simultaneously create the nomogram model.
METHODS This study enrolled 88 patients in the gastric stromal tumor group and 56 patients in the gastric leiomyoma group, and the relevant data of the two groups were entered into the system for an integrated analysis. The primary objective of this study was to identify the differences in the inflammation index between the two types of tumors.
RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in sex, age, and tumor location. In comparison, gastric leiomyomas seem to be more common in women, young patients, and gastric cardia, which is in line with our previous research; the groups showed the following statistical differences: PLR (158.2% vs 134.3%, P = 0.028), NLR (2.35 vs 1.68, P = 0.000), LMR (5.75 vs 10.8, P = 0.004), and SII (546.2 vs 384.3, P = 0.003). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, tumor location, and LMR were independent risk factors for the identification of the two types of tumors. After considering the risk factors selected by the above analysis into the predictive model, a predictive model for distinguishing gastrointestinal stromal tumors from gastric leiomyomas was established as the nomogram.
CONCLUSION Gastric leiomyomas and gastric stromal tumors are not only different in factors such as age of the patient, but also in inflammatory indicators such as LMR and PLR. We have established a predictive model related to the laboratory indicators and are looking forward to further research conducted in this clinical area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sato M, Sato M, Yokoyama T, Kusaka A, Suzuki Y, Fukuhara K. OUP accepted manuscript. J Surg Case Rep 2022; 2022:rjac246. [PMID: 35721265 PMCID: PMC9202643 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed the accurate diagnosis and complete surgical resection of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor at the mesentery of the small bowel. Computed tomography (CT) in a 62-year-old man at 2 years after gastrectomy for gastric cancer showed a mesenteric tumor, with no other tumors noted. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed a maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of 2.9 at the tumor. The presence of a single and low SUV max tumor allowed us to perform laparoscopic surgery. Partial resection of the tumor with an adequate margin was performed. The pathological findings showed c-kit positivity and a low Ki-67 proliferation index (<5%). In the present case, PET-CT and laparoscopic assessments were useful for accurately evaluating the surgical resectability of the mesenteric tumor after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The low SUV max and laparoscopic findings led to complete surgical resection of a mesenteric tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sato
- Correspondence address. Shiogama City Hospital, 7-1, Koudu-machi, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0054, Japan. Tel: +81-22-364-5521; Fax: +81-22-364-5529; E-mail:
| | - Masayuki Sato
- Department of Surgery, Shiogama City Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Shiogama City Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akiko Kusaka
- Department of Surgery, Shiogama City Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukie Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Shiogama City Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukuhara
- Department of Surgery, Shiogama City Hospital, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ouyang J, An T, Wang Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang C. Down-regulation of SOCS6: an unfavorable prognostic factor for gastrointestinal stromal tumor proven by survival analysis. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:113. [PMID: 34895274 PMCID: PMC8667422 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies reporting that down-regulation of SOCS6 plays vital roles in promoting progression of malignant tumors have been published. The present study was performed to evaluate whether SOCS6 was significantly associated with prognosis of GIST patients. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was accomplished to evaluate the expression levels of SOCS6 among GIST patients. The impacts of SOCS6 expression on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of GIST patients were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Results It was demonstrated that the expression level of SOCS6 was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.001). Then according to Kaplan-Meier curve analysis, low expression of SOCS6 was significantly correlated with worse OS and RFS of GIST patients. Ultimately, it was revealed by Cox proportional regression model analysis that low expression of SOCS6 was an independent predictive factor for OS and RFS. Conclusions Low expression of SOCS6 was an independent prognostic factor for GIST, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker predicting survival of GIST patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ouyang
- Center of Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhenyuan Road 628, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road 58, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tailai An
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofang Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Center of Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhenyuan Road 628, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road 58, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Center of Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhenyuan Road 628, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road 58, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Road 58, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Center of Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhenyuan Road 628, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nguyen C, Athigaman M, Qureshi A. Giant leiomyosarcoma of the transverse colon. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e246646. [PMID: 34857593 PMCID: PMC8640626 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the colon accounts for <1% of all colorectal malignancies. Our patient was a 72-year-old man with a history of aortic valvular disorder and congestive heart failure, who presented with an abdominal mass and no constitutional symptoms. The CT scan finding suggested a large tumour with both solid and cystic components. Intraoperatively, a portion of the involved colon was resected along with the tumour. Microscopically, the tumour was found to invade the muscularis propria layer of the transverse colon. The final diagnosis was LMS, FNCLCC grade 2 of 3 based on the histology and immunochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Nguyen
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Abdul Qureshi
- General Surgery, Carlsbad Medical Center, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The neurofibromatoses are a group of genetic disorders that cause development of nervous system tumors as well as various other tumor and systemic manifestations. Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the most prevalent of these conditions and has the most variable phenotype and highest risk of malignant tumor formation. Neurofibromatosis type 2 has no associated malignant tumors but does carry significant morbidity, including deafness, facial weakness, and physical disability. Schwannomatosis is the least prevalent of these disorders and is characterized primarily by nonvestibular schwannomas and pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Jordan
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology and Family Center for Neurofibromatosis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Pappas Center for Neuro-Oncology and Family Center for Neurofibromatosis, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, 55 Fruit Street, Yawkey 9E, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu L, Qu H, Wang DJ, Yao B, Ma B, Qiu JG, Wang ZY, Ren DL. Whole-exome sequencing for high-risk primary prostatic extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:249. [PMID: 34671468 PMCID: PMC8521387 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The low incidence rates of prostatic extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST), combined with the lack of published guidelines on its treatment, often results in its misdiagnosis and challenges in the treatment of patients, even in cases with high-risk factors. The present case study reported a 65-years-old Chinese male patient, who presented with intermittent hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms for three months. The colonoscopy results revealed no gastrointestinal lesions; however, a core biopsy diagnosed an EGIST, which subsequently underwent radical prostatocystotomy, standard pelvic lymph node resection, and bricker ileal conduit diversion. The postoperative pathological results suggested a high-risk primary prostatic EGIST, according to the aggressive behavior of the GIST. The immunohistochemistry results revealed the positive expression of CD117, DOG1, CD34, androgen receptor AR, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a 2% Ki-67 index and a positive surgical margin. The whole exome sequencing (WES) results revealed that the patient harbored a single nucleotide mutation in 121 genes and copy number variations in 601 genes, including a defect in c-Kit (in-frame deletion in p.Q556-V560; fold, 17.5%). By compiling the data obtained from the ConsensusPathDB and the drug-gene interaction databases and expert opinions, the patient was prescribed with the personalized drugs (400 mg per day imatinib mesylate and 50 mg per day bicalutamide, which were stopped when the PSA levels remained stable below 0.01 ng/ml) for 18 months follow-up and there were no signs of recurrence. In conclusion, WES identified multiple genomic alterations and the underlying genetic defect in the rare case enabled the evaluation of the prognosis and the decision of potential drug candidates. The underlying mechanism of the substantial genetic variations in the primary prostatic EGIST, as well as the malignant behaviors of the tumor, remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Rectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Hu Qu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - De Juan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Jian Guang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Dong Lin Ren
- Department of Rectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamamoto H, Ebihara Y, Tanaka K, Matsui A, Nakanishi Y, Asano T, Noji T, Kurashima Y, Murakami S, Nakamura T, Tsuchikawa T, Okamura K, Shichinohe T, Hirano S. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the esophagus: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 86:106335. [PMID: 34481133 PMCID: PMC8416945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) often arises in the stomach and small intestine, while esophageal GIST is rare. The first-choice treatment is surgical resection, but there is no standard technique. Herein, we describe our experience in the treatment of esophageal GIST and discuss the usefulness of robotic esophagectomy. Presentation of case The patient was a 60-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with a 30 mm GIST in the middle thoracic esophagus. We underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position. The duration of the thoracoscopic part was 69 min and the total operation time was 319 min. Total blood loss was 135 ml. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful after surgery and the patient was discharged home in good condition on the 18th postoperative day. Discussion The prognosis of esophageal GIST was less favorable compared with gastric GIST, and due to the anatomical peculiarities of the esophagus, which surgical procedure should be performed is still under debate. Robotic surgery has several technological advantages as it provides a three-dimensional view, ten times magnification, tremor control, and ambidexterity. Therefore, Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) allows achieving for safe R0 resection of esophageal GIST. Conclusion RAMIE may be useful for esophageal GIST because it facilitates safe and minimally invasive surgery in a limited space of the thoracic cavity. There is no standard technique due to the anatomical peculiarities of the esophagus. We think McKeown's procedure in the prone position has some advantages from others. Robot surgery has a three-dimensional view, tremor control, and ambidexterity. RAMIE would be useful techniques in a limited space of the thoracic cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yuma Ebihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kimitaka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Aya Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Asano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yo Kurashima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Soichi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 0608638, Hokkaido, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Castillon M, Kammerer-Jacquet SF, Cariou M, Costa S, Conq G, Samaison L, Douet-Guilbert N, Marcorelles P, Doucet L, Uguen A. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Must be Preferred to pan-TRK Immunohistochemistry to Diagnose NTRK3-rearranged Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST). Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:626-634. [PMID: 33758144 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Nevertheless, some GISTs do not contain any targetable KIT or PDGFRA mutations classically encountered in this field. Novel approved therapies targeting TRK chimeric proteins products of NTRK genes fusions consist in a promising approach to treat some patients with GISTs lacking any identified driver oncogenic mutation in KIT, PDGFRA or BRAF genes. Thus, an adequate testing strategy permitting to diagnose the rare NTRK-rearranged GISTs is required. In this work, we studied about the performances of pan-TRK immunohistochemistry (IHC) and NTRK1/2/3 fluorescent in situ hybridization in a series of 39 GISTs samples. Among 22 patients with GISTs lacking KIT or PDGFRA mutations, BRAFV600E IHC permitted to diagnose 2/22 (9%) BRAFV600E-mutated GISTs and, among the 20 KIT, PDGFRA, and BRAF wild type tumors, 1/20 (5%), NTRK3-rearranged tumor was diagnosed using NTRK3 fluorescent in situ hybridization. Pan-TRK IHC using EPR17341 and A7H6R clones was negative in this NTRK3-rearranged sample. Pan-TRK IHC was frequently positive in NTRK not rearranged tumors without (24 samples analyzed) or with (15 samples analyzed) KIT or PDGFRA mutations with major discrepancies between the 2 IHC clones (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.3042). Given the new therapeutic opportunity offered by anti-TRK targeted therapies to treat patients with advanced cancers including GISTs, it is worth to extend molecular analysis to NTRK fusions testing in KIT, PDGFRA, and BRAF wild type GISTs. Pan-TRK IHC appears not relevant in this field but performing a simple NTRK3 fluorescent in situ hybridization test consists in a valuable approach to identify the rare NTRK3-rearranged GISTs treatable using anti-TRK therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mélanie Cariou
- Registre des cancers digestifs du Finistère EA7479 SPURBO, Université de Bretagne Occidentale
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnaud Uguen
- Department of Pathology
- Univ Brest, Inserm, CHU de Brest, LBAI, Brest
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu JD, Chen YX, Luo C, Xu FH, Zhang L, Hou XH, Song J. Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection: A case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5288-5296. [PMID: 34497451 PMCID: PMC8384752 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i31.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor (PAMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor characterized by multiple nodular plexiform growth patterns and an immunophenotype with myofibroblasts. The pathological characteristics, immunohistochemistry, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and gene-level changes of PAMT have been reported in many studies. At present, the main treatment for PAMT in the reported cases is surgery; only eight cases were treated via endoscopy (excluding 1 thoracoscopic resection), and the lesions were all smaller than 5 cm. There are no reports on the prognosis and follow-up of young patients with lesion sizes reaching 5 cm who undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Herein, we present the first case of a young patient with a lesion size reaching 5 cm who was diagnosed with PAMT via endoscopic submucosal dissection.
CASE SUMMARY A 15-year-old young man with upper abdominal pain for 2 years presented to the Gastroenterology Department of our hospital. Painless gastroscopy showed a semicircular bulge approximately 5 cm in size in the lesser curvature near the cardia of the fundus; the surface was eroded, and shallow ulcers had formed. The pathological manifestations of the biopsy were spindle cell proliferative lesions with interstitial mucinous changes, and the surface mucosa showed chronic inflammatory changes with active lesions; immunohistochemistry showed smooth muscle actin (SMA) (+), CD117 (-), CD34 (-), DOG-1 (-), S-100 (-), and Ki67 (LI: < 1%). We performed ESD on the patient. The lesion that we removed was 5 cm × 4 cm × 2 cm in size. Pathologically, the resected tissue displayed typical manifestations, such as fat spindle-shaped fibroblasts and myofibroblast-like cells showing irregular nodular hyperplasia. Immunohistochemistry staining of the tumor cells revealed the following: CD34 (partially +), SMA (weakly +), CD117 (-), DOG-1 (-), S-100 (-), SDHB (+), PCK (-), and Ki67 (labelling index: 2%). There was no recurrence or metastasis during the 3-mo follow-up after the operation, and the treatment effect was good. We also performed a review of the literature on the clinical manifestations, pathological features, immunohistochemistry, and differential diagnosis of PAMT.
CONCLUSION At present, the diagnostic criteria for PAMT are relatively clear, but the pathogenesis and genetic changes require further study. PAMT is benign in nature, and these patients are less likely to experience local or metastatic recurrence. The main treatment is still surgery if the lesion is in the stomach. Partial gastrectomy and distal gastrectomy are the most frequently performed surgical treatments for PAMT, followed by local resection, subtotal gastrectomy, and wedge resection. But for comprehensive evaluation of the disease, ESD can be considered a suitable method to avoid excessive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Di Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi-Xiong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chang Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng-Hua Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fan X, Han H, Sun Z, Zhang L, Chen G, Mzee SAS, Yang H, Chen J. Prognostic Value of Bleeding in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Meta-Analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211034259. [PMID: 34323156 PMCID: PMC8330451 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211034259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. It is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. But the results are controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between gastrointestinal bleeding and clinical prognosis in patients with GIST. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in Pumbed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, VIP and wanfang databases with the pattern of unlimited languages. 12 studies with 2781 individuals were included in the final analysis. The overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival/disease-free survival (RFS/DFS) and related factors affecting bleeding in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) were extracted. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used for in the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 12 articles were included in the study, including 2781 patients with GIST, including 845 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. The OS of GIST patients with gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly worse (HR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.13-5.73, P = 0.025). But there was no significant difference in RFS between gastrointestinal bleeding patients and non-bleeding patients (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 0.70-2.61, P = 0.371). Further analysis of the related factors of GI bleeding in GIST patients was observed, besides the aging factor (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.69-1.50, P = 0.929), Small intestinal stromal tumor (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.41-0.76, P < 0.001), tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.20-3.63, P = 0.009), Mitotic index ≥ 5/50 HPF (HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.11-2.49, P = 0.014) and tumor rupture (HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.0-3.82, P = 0.026) all increased the risk of GI bleeding in patients with GIST. Conclusions: The OS of GIST patients with GI bleeding was worse than non-GI bleeding, but had no significant effect on RFS. Nevertheless the aging factor, the location of GIST in the small intestine, tumor diameter ≥ 5 cm, Mitotic index ≥ 5/50 HPF and tumor rupture all increased the risk of GI bleeding in patients with GIST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated 191612Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated 191612Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated 191612Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Said Abdulrahman Salim Mzee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated 191612Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqing Yang
- 567917Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated 191612Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
GIST and Ghrelin: To Be or Not to Be? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081361. [PMID: 34441296 PMCID: PMC8393501 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ghrelin is the orexigenic hormone secreted mainly by the stomach. Its involvement in neoplastic development has been studied in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Our paper aims to evaluate the influence of the ghrelin axis in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Materials and Methods: The study design included two groups of patients, 46 with gastric GISTs and 30 with obesity. Archived tissue samples were evaluated for the presence of gastritis and H. pylori. Immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin and its receptor (GHS-R) was assessed. Results: All GISTs showed absent immunohistochemical expression for ghrelin, while GHS-R displayed a particular pattern, with notable differences in intensity (p = 0.0256) and percentage of stained cells (p < 0.00001) in the periphery vs. core of tumors. Positive ghrelin expression was lower in the gastric mucosa of the first group compared to the second group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The ghrelin axis can influence GISTs carcinogenesis through activation of GHS-R. A previously described direct autocrine/paracrine mechanism is not supported by our findings.
Collapse
|
46
|
Jeong WK. [Imaging of Mesentery and Omentum]. TAEHAN YONGSANG UIHAKHOE CHI 2021; 82:335-346. [PMID: 36238737 PMCID: PMC9431935 DOI: 10.3348/jksr.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although primary tumors in the mesentery and omentum are relatively rare, it is often necessary to distinguish them from other non-tumorous diseases. Since the omentum and mesentery are major routes for the spread of various abdominal diseases, the anatomy, type, and pattern of the diseases affecting these organs should be known in detail for accurate differential diagnosis. In addition, it is important to detect and promptly treat hidden lesions in the mesentery and omentum. Therefore, careful observation of the area where the lesion occur should be emphasized when assessing mesentery and omentum in abdominal CT.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ravegnini G, Serrano C, Ricci R, Zhang Q, Terrenato I, Graziosi A, Valori G, Landolfi S, Hrelia P, Angelini S. miRNA landscape in primary tumors and matched metastases in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Epigenomics 2021; 13:369-377. [PMID: 33432846 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor management is extremely challenging, particularly the metastatic disease. The underlying mechanism in metastasis spread remains largely unknown. We aimed to characterize miRNAs involved in the metastatic process in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Material & methods: Eight primary tumors and 18 synchronous metastases were analyzed through miRNA Taqman arrays or assays. Results: miRNAs profiles revealed similar expression in primary site and metastases. Pair-wise correlation coefficient between primary tumor and metastases was significant for each patient (p < 0.0001 for all profiled patients). Conclusion: Our study, the largest including primary tumors and metastases so far performed, highlighted perpetuation of miRNAs features in metastatic lesions and that the primary origin appears to be the main determinant of the metastases miRNA profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cèsar Serrano
- Sarcoma Translational Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Ricci
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Valori
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Landolfi
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cross-testing of major molecular markers indicates distinct pathways of tumorigenesis in gastric adenocarcinomas and synchronous gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22212. [PMID: 33335133 PMCID: PMC7747598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small subtype of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (micro-GIST, MG) is usually asymptomatic and is frequently found incidentally in association with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The background of this coincidence is still an open question. This study comprehensively characterized nine MGs and GACs present in the same surgical specimen by cross-testing the markers of the major pathogenetic pathways of both tumor types. All of the MGs were immunohistochemically positive for CD117/KIT, CD34, and DOG1. DOG1 was also detected in four GACs. Four MGs carried mutations in c-KIT (exons 9, 11, and 13) and two cases in PDGFRα (exon 18). None of the GACs carried activating mutations in c-KIT or PDGFRα. MMR immunopanel identified one GAC as microsatellite unstable tumor. No EBV-positive tumor was found. According to the TCGA molecular classification, one GAC was categorized in the MSI subgroup, three GACs in the genomically stable subgroup, and the rest into the chromosomal instability subgroup. Although a common carcinogenic effect cannot be ruled out, our data suggest a distinct molecular background in the evolvement of the synchronous MGs and GACs. The presence of a MG in gastric resection specimens may be indicative of the development of synchronous malignant tumors in or outside the stomach.
Collapse
|
49
|
Arellano-Gutiérrez G, Martínez-Aldrete LF, Pérez-Fabián A, Maldonado-García EL. Primary extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST) of the mesentery: Case report and review of literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2020; 60:480-483. [PMID: 33294179 PMCID: PMC7691126 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) represent <1% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumors. Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are mesenchymal tissue neoplasm arising outside the GI tract. This rare group comprises only 5% of all GISTs. This case demonstrates a rare entity in a patient with non-specific symptoms, a large tumor size and unremarkable past personal and family history. Presentation of case We present a 45-year old man with non-specific symptoms who was diagnosed with a primary EGIST arising in the small bowel mesentery after surgery. The tumor was not compromising the GI tract and it was completely resected. The tumor was sent for pathological examination that confirmed the diagnosis. Histological examination revealed a 15 cm in diameter mass, comprised of spindle cells and high mitotic activity. Treatment with imatinib mesylate was initiated. Discussion There have been only a few previous reports of EGISTs arising from the small bowel mesentery. It is believed that EGISTs originate from cells with similar pathological characteristics and biological behaviour as the intestinal cells of Cajal. Such tumors are associated with poorer prognosis, lager tumor size and younger presentation than their GI counterparts. The preferred treatment is complete surgical resection. The addition of specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate is recommended for high risk patients. Even though morphological and immunohistochemical similarities between GISTs and EGISTs are described, their pathogenesis, incidence, genetic background, complications and prognosis are not completely known because they are extremely rare. Conclusion EGISTs are very rare tumors which originate from cells outside the GI tract and are associated with a more aggressive biological behavior than their GI counterparts. These tumors may grow without any clinical implications and should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with an abdominal mass. Further studies are needed due to lack of large patient cohort studies and long-term follow-up regarding the prognosis and management of this rare pathology. EGISTs are extremely rare. They represent only 5% of all GISTs, which comprises only <0.05% of all GI tumors. High index of suspicion in patients with nonspecific symptoms and the presence of an abdominal mass is necessary. The preferred treatment is a complete surgical resection in low-risk patients. Clinicopathologic parameters and clinical implications are not yet described in literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Arellano-Gutiérrez
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General de Zona No. 16, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | | | - Abraham Pérez-Fabián
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General de Zona No. 16, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Torreón, Coahuila, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rivera AKU, Jabiles AG, Passiuri IC, Leon EG, Quiroga MG, Baca RC, Figueroa JE, Rosillo NP, Meza EP. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the rectum and intestinal obstruction: case report. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1139. [PMID: 33281931 PMCID: PMC7685769 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a 75-year-old female patient with a big tumour in the lower rectum with intestinal obstruction and lower gastrointestinal bleeding history who underwent a tumour biopsy under laparotomy and end colostomy at another hospital in Peru. She came to our institution for clinical evaluation with a pathology result of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumour. An extra elevator abdominoperineal resection was performed with tumour-free margins. The histology confirmed a high-grade (G2) rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumour with a mitotic index of 27/50. DOC-1 (+) and CD117 (+) in immunohistochemistry. Genomic DNA was extracted from the paraffin-fixed tumour sample, and c.1504_1509dupGCCTAT (p.Ala502_Tyr503dup) mutation was detected in exon 9 of the KIT gene. Imatinib 400 mg per day for 3 years was indicated as adjuvant treatment. Currently, she has a disease-free survival of 12 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Chavez Passiuri
- Department of Abdominal Surgery at National Cancer Institute (INEN), Lima 34, Peru
| | - Elica Garcia Leon
- Department of Medical Oncology at Regional Hospital of Lambayeque, Lambayeque, Peru
| | | | - Renier Cruz Baca
- Fellow of Oncological Pathology at National Cancer Institute (INEN), Lima 34, Peru
| | | | | | - Eduardo Payet Meza
- Department of Abdominal Surgery at National Cancer Institute (INEN), Lima 34, Peru
| |
Collapse
|