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Andrew TW, Rose AM, Ravulapalli K, Fitzgerald A, Pritchard-Jones R. An annual review of key advances in evidence-based plastic surgery, A synopsis from the leads of the BAPRAS Research & Innovation, Education, and Trainees Committees. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 92:A1-A7. [PMID: 38754925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom W Andrew
- Plastic Surgery Trainee Association (PLASTA) UK Research Representative, London, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Aidan M Rose
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Translation and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Krishna Ravulapalli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Aidan Fitzgerald
- British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) Education Committee Chair, London, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rowan Pritchard-Jones
- British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) Research Committee Chair, London, UK; Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Mersey & West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Trust, Prescot, UK
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Giglia G, Rosatti F, Giannone AG, Gambino G, Zizzo MG, Florena AM, Sardo P, Toia F. Vascularized versus Free Nerve Grafts: An Experimental Study on Rats. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1682. [PMID: 38138909 PMCID: PMC10744603 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascularized nerve grafts (VNGs) have been proposed as a superior alternative to free nerve grafts (FNGs) for complex nerve defects. A greater regenerative potential has been suggested by clinical and experimental studies, but conclusive evidence is still lacking. METHODS In this experimental study, 10 adult male Wistar rats received a non-vascularized orthotopic sciatic nerve graft on their right side, and a vascularized orthotopic sciatic nerve graft nerve on their left side. Functional outcome following nerve regeneration was evaluated through electrodiagnostic studies, target muscles weight and histomorphology, and data of VNGs and FNGs were compared. RESULTS The results of this study showed a significant difference in the motor unit number of Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM) estimated by MUNE in the VNG side compared to the FNG side. No other significant differences in axonal regeneration and muscle reinnervation were evident at either electrodiagnostic, histomorphology studies or muscle weight. CONCLUSIONS This experimental model showed slight differences in nerve regeneration between VNGs and FNGs, but cannot support a high clinical advantage for VNGs. The results of this study show that VNGs are not strongly superior to FNGs in the rat model, even in avascular beds. Clinical advantages of VNGs are likely to be limited to extensive and thick nerve defects and can only be assessed on experimental model with bigger animals. Also, we showed that the MUNE technique provided a reliable and reproducible evaluation of functional outcomes in the rat sciatic nerve and defined a reproducible protocol for functional evaluation of muscle reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.G.); (P.S.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fernando Rosatti
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.G.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ada Maria Florena
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.G.); (A.M.F.)
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Francesca Toia
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Lambrichts I, Wolfs E, Bronckaers A, Gervois P, Vangansewinkel T. The Effect of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Central and Peripheral Nervous System Neurons-Implications for Biomaterial Applicability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14314. [PMID: 37762617 PMCID: PMC10532231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate that is prepared directly from the patient's own blood. It is widely used in the field of regenerative medicine, and to better understand its clinical applicability we aimed to further explore the biological properties and effects of L-PRF on cells from the central and peripheral nervous system. To this end, L-PRF was prepared from healthy human donors, and confocal, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy as well as secretome analysis were performed on these clots. In addition, functional assays were completed to determine the effect of L-PRF on neural stem cells (NSCs), primary cortical neurons (pCNs), and peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We observed that L-PRF consists of a dense but porous fibrin network, containing leukocytes and aggregates of activated platelets that are distributed throughout the clot. Antibody array and ELISA confirmed that it is a reservoir for a plethora of growth factors. Key molecules that are known to have an effect on neuronal cell functions such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were slowly released over time from the clots. Next, we found that the L-PRF secretome had no significant effect on the proliferative and metabolic activity of NSCs, but it did act as a chemoattractant and improved the migration of these CNS-derived stem cells. More importantly, L-PRF growth factors had a detrimental effect on the survival of pCNs, and consequently, also interfered with their neurite outgrowth. In contrast, we found a positive effect on peripheral DRG neurons, and L-PRF growth factors improved their survival and significantly stimulated the outgrowth and branching of their neurites. Taken together, our study demonstrates the positive effects of the L-PRF secretome on peripheral neurons and supports its use in regenerative medicine but care should be taken when using it for CNS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Lambrichts
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Pascal Gervois
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Cardio and Organ Systems, Biomedical Research Institute, UHasselt—Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (E.W.); (A.B.); (P.G.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mourão CF, Lowenstein A, Mello-Machado RC, Ghanaati S, Pinto N, Kawase T, Alves GG, Messora MR. Standardization of Animal Models and Techniques for Platelet-Rich Fibrin Production: A Narrative Review and Guideline. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:482. [PMID: 37106669 PMCID: PMC10135737 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental research is critical for advancing medical knowledge and enhancing patient outcomes, including in vitro and in vivo preclinical assessments. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood by-product that has garnered attention in the medical and dental fields due to its potential for tissue regeneration and wound healing. Animal models, such as rabbits and rats, have been used to produce PRF and examine its properties and applications. PRF has demonstrated potential in the dental and medical fields for reducing inflammation, promoting tissue repair, and accelerating wound healing. This narrative review aims to compare existing evidence and provide guidelines for PRF animal research, emphasizing the importance of standardizing animal models, following ethical considerations, and maintaining transparency and accountability. The authors highlight the necessity to use the correct relative centrifugal force (RCF), standardize centrifugal calibration, and report detailed information about blood collection and centrifuge parameters for reproducible results. Standardizing animal models and techniques is crucial for narrowing the gap between laboratory research and clinical applications, ultimately enhancing the translation of findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernando Mourão
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Dental Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Adam Lowenstein
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Dental Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Frankfurt Oral Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Nelson Pinto
- Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, University of the Andes, Santiago 12455, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Kawase
- Division of Oral Bioengineering, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Clinical Research Unit, Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24033-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040-904, Brazil
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