1
|
Li P, Ma X, Huang D, Gu X. Exploring the roles of non-coding RNAs in liver regeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:945-953. [PMID: 38680418 PMCID: PMC11046251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver regeneration (LR) is a complex process encompassing three distinct phases: priming, proliferation phase and restoration, all influenced by various regulatory factors. After liver damage or partial resection, the liver tissue demonstrates remarkable restorative capacity, driven by cellular proliferation and repair mechanisms. The essential roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNA), in regulating LR have been vastly studied. Additionally, the impact of ncRNAs on LR and their abnormal expression profiles during this process have been extensively documented. Mechanistic investigations have revealed that ncRNAs interact with genes involved in proliferation to regulate hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation, along with liver progenitor cell proliferation and migration. Given the significant role of ncRNAs in LR, an in-depth exploration of their involvement in the liver's self-repair capacity can reveal promising therapeutic strategies for LR and liver-related diseases. Moreover, understanding the unique regenerative potential of the adult liver and the mechanisms and regulatory factors of ncRNAs in LR are crucial for improving current treatment strategies and exploring new therapeutic approaches for various liver-related diseases. This review provides a brief overview of the LR process and the ncRNA expression profiles during this process. Furthermore, we also elaborate on the specific molecular mechanisms through which multiple key ncRNAs regulate the LR process. Finally, based on the expression characteristics of ncRNAs and their interactions with proliferation-associated genes, we explore their potential clinical application, such as developing predictive indicators reflecting liver regenerative activity and manipulating LR processes for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Z, Hou Y, Li J, Xu D, Yang Z, Wang X. Activating transcription factor 3 is a new biomarker correlation with renal clear cell carcinoma progression. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241227320. [PMID: 38248871 PMCID: PMC10804930 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241227320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most invasive type of cancer, with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets of ccRCC. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a tumor oncogene or repressor, has rarely been examined in ccRCC. In the present study, we comprehensively elucidate the prognostic value and potential functions of ATF3 in ccRCC.Methods: Several TCGA-based online databases were used to analyze ATF3 expression in ccRCC and determine ccRCC prognosis. The upstream-binding micro (mi) RNAs of ATF3 and long non-coding (lnc)RNAs were predicted using the StarBase database.Results: Analysis of several TCGA-based online databases showed that ATF3 expression is decreased in ccRCC, suggesting a significant association with the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Furthermore, we found hsa-miR-221-3p to be potential regulatory miRNA of ATF3 in ccRCC. Prediction and analysis of the upstream lncRNAs indicated that PAXIP1-AS2 and OIP5-AS1 were the most potent upstream lncRNAs of the hsa-miR-221-3p/ATF3 axis in ccRCC. The results of the GO and KEGG analyses implied that ATF3 is likely involved in the regulation of apoptotic signaling in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in ccRCC. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between ATF3 expression and ER stress.Conclusions: Our in silico findings highlighted that ATF3 expression was low in ccRCC and negatively correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, PAXIP1-AS2 and the OIP5-AS1/hsa-miR-221-3p/ATF3 axis were identified as significant potential regulators of ER stress-mediated apoptosis in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Yang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yongwang Hou
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jingqi Li
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Zhichao Yang
- Clinical Department, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taner T, Bruner J, Emaumaullee J, Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Zarrinpar A. New Approaches to the Diagnosis of Rejection and Prediction of Tolerance in Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:1952-1962. [PMID: 35594482 PMCID: PMC9529763 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppression after liver transplantation is essential for preventing allograft rejection. However, long-term drug toxicity and associated complications necessitate investigation of immunosuppression minimization and withdrawal protocols. Development of such protocols is hindered by reliance on current paradigms for monitoring allograft function and rejection status. The current standard of care for diagnosis of rejection is histopathologic assessment and grading of liver biopsies in accordance with the Banff Rejection Activity Index. However, this method is limited by cost, sampling variability, and interobserver variation. Moreover, the invasive nature of biopsy increases the risk of patient complications. Incorporating noninvasive techniques may supplement existing methods through improved understanding of rejection causes, hepatic spatial architecture, and the role of idiopathic fibroinflammatory regions. These techniques may also aid in quantification and help integrate emerging -omics analyses with current assessments. Alternatively, emerging noninvasive methods show potential to detect and distinguish between different types of rejection while minimizing risk of adverse advents. Although biomarkers have yet to replace biopsy, preliminary studies suggest that several classes of analytes may be used to detect rejection with greater sensitivity and in earlier stages than traditional methods, possibly when coupled with artificial intelligence. Here, we provide an overview of the latest efforts in optimizing the diagnosis of rejection in liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Taner
- Departments of Surgery & Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julia Bruner
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juliet Emaumaullee
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani
- Abdominal Transplant Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cuervo Florez M, Bruner J, Zarrinpar A. Progress and challenges in diagnosis and treatment of rejection following liver transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2021; 26:669-674. [PMID: 34581291 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver biopsy remains the most widely utilized method for diagnosis of allograft rejection following liver transplantation. However, associated risks and limitations present an opportunity for emerging noninvasive diagnostic techniques to improve upon the current standard of care. This review evaluates progress toward development of new noninvasive methods for the monitoring and diagnosing of allograft rejection. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies investigate the potential of a variety of analytes. Quantification of dd-cfDNA and of DSA show potential to indicate status of allograft rejection and aid in immunosuppression modulation. Moreover, mRNA microarray profiling of differentially expressed genes, as well as characterization of cytokine responses and immunophenotypic shifts following liver transplantation, may predict and recognize rejection events. SUMMARY Noninvasive methods are not yet ready to replace liver biopsy as the standard of care for diagnosis of allograft rejection, though several assays and biomarkers have shown promising preliminary results. As noninvasive techniques become validated in clinical settings, their integration with current diagnostic methods is likely to foster increased sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Cuervo Florez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng QX, Wang J, Gu XY, Huang CH, Chen C, Hong M, Chen Z. TTN-AS1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for multiple cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111169. [PMID: 33433359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, and one of several types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The lncRNAs function in diverse biological processes in normal cells, such as cellular differentiation and cell cycle regulation. There is also evidence that some aberrantly regulated lncRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in various cancers. For example, TTN-AS1 is a lncRNA that binds to titin mRNA (TTN) and has pro-oncogenic effects in many cancers. Overexpression of TTN-AS1 correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer, lung cancer, digestive system neoplasms, reproductive system cancers, and other cancers. Furthermore, increased TTN-AS1 expression correlates with more advanced pathology and tumor malignancy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent studies on the molecular mechanisms of TTN-AS1 regulation and the role of TTN-AS1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of numerous tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin-Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chun-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Meng Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|