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Ganhewa AD, Seth I, Wu R, Chae MP, Tobin V, Smith JA, Hunter-Smith DJ, Rozen WM. Exploring Age-Related Variations in Carpal Bone Volume: Implications for Clinical Practice and Anatomical Understanding. Hand (N Y) 2024:15589447241242830. [PMID: 38606949 DOI: 10.1177/15589447241242830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically recognizing the changes in carpal bone volumes and understanding their implications in predicting osteoarthritis (OA) is crucial in clinical practice This study aimed to explore age-related differences in carpal bone volumes across genders, leveraging computed tomography (CT) wrist scans to create 3D surface models of these bones. METHODS Carpal bone volumes were calculated using the 3D Slicer software from CT scans obtained from Frankston Hospital and additional datasets from Brown and Auckland Universities. The data were statistically processed using Stata V13. Double-sided P-values < .05 were considered statistically significant. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid out in the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS A total of 181 patients were analyzed, and 48% of whom were female. A statistically significant positive Spearman correlation (rho = 0.37-0.611, P <.05) was observed between increasing age and the volume of all surveyed carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, and trapezium) across genders. Intrauser and interuser reliabilities for 3D Slicer-generated volumes of trapezium and pisiform bones were statistically significant, with Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values of 0.86 and 0.95, respectively. CONCLUSION Trapezial volumes increase with age, potentially due to the presence of OA and consequent osteophyte formation. This pattern is more prevalent among older individuals and women. However, the positive correlation between carpal bone volume and age was consistent across all carpal bones and both genders, regardless of OA presence. These findings suggest that carpal bone volume may naturally increase with age, independent of OA-related changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna D Ganhewa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishith Seth
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael P Chae
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vicky Tobin
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian A Smith
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hunter-Smith
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Warren M Rozen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Maris S, Apergis E, Apostolopoulos A, Melissaridou D, Koulouvaris P, Papagelopoulos PJ, Savvidou O. Scapholunate Advanced Collapse (SLAC) and Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC): A Review of Treatment Options for Stage II. Cureus 2024; 16:e59014. [PMID: 38800268 PMCID: PMC11127752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) represent clinical entities identified by a pattern of predictable degenerative changes. They are the most common causes of wrist arthritis. Both entities can remain asymptomatic for many years and may go undiagnosed. Diagnosis is usually confirmed through clinical examination, which reveals progressive wrist pain and instability. Radiographically, degenerative changes in the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints are present, as well as nonunion of the scaphoid fracture in SNAC. The management differs according to the stage. Particularly in this review article, we reviewed the treatment options for stage II SLAC and SNAC wrist. In addition to the well-described surgical techniques such as proximal row carpectomy and four-corner fusion, alternatives such as capitolunate arthrodesis, three-corner fusion, and soft tissue procedures like capsulodesis and tenodesis are available. Proximal row carpectomy and partial arthrodeses yield comparable results. Soft tissue procedures are viable alternatives and are preferred in younger patients to avoid early salvage operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Maris
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital Hellenic Red Cross Korgialenio Benakio, Athens, GRC
| | - Emmanouil Apergis
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital Hellenic Red Cross Korgialenio Benakio, Athens, GRC
| | - Alexandros Apostolopoulos
- Department of Orthopaedics, East Surrey Hospital, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Redhill, GBR
| | - Dimitra Melissaridou
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, GRC
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Panayiotis J Papagelopoulos
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, GRC
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
| | - Olga Savvidou
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, GRC
- First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC
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Cobb T, Chase C, Cobb J. Arthroscopic Resection Arthroplasty for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist. J Wrist Surg 2023; 12:528-533. [PMID: 38213559 PMCID: PMC10781571 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist results from an untreated scapholunate dissociation and is the most common type of degenerative arthritis of the wrist. The most common surgical treatments for SLAC wrist are proximal row carpectomy and four-corner fusion with scaphoid excision. Arthroscopic surgical treatment for SLAC wrist has been reported; however, only limited data on functional outcomes are available. The purpose of this study is to report our 5-year follow-up clinical outcomes for arthroscopic treatment for SLAC wrist. Methods Thirty-one consecutive cases of arthroscopic resection arthroplasty for SLAC wrist were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, range of motion, grip strength, and pain (on 0-10 scale) as well as postoperative satisfaction (0 = not satisfied, 5 = completely satisfied) were recorded. Grip and range of motion were measured by an occupational therapist. Results The preoperative pain score was 7 and 0.18 postoperatively. The mean satisfaction at final follow-up was 4.8. Preoperative and final follow-up scores of the mean DASH was 48 and 3, respectively. The total arc of motion was 114 degrees preoperatively and 126.5 degrees postoperatively. Mean grip strength before surgery was 41 and 49 kg at final follow-up. Conclusion Arthroscopic resection arthroplasty for SLAC wrist results in significant improvement in patient function as measured by DASH and pain scores. Type of Study/Level of Evidence Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson Cobb
- Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Center of Excellence, Davenport, Iowa
| | - Collin Chase
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jessica Cobb
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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4
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Abstract
Orthopedic diseases are a common cause for limited exercise capacity in the horse. They often underlie genetic risk factors, which can affect bone, articular cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and adnexal structures among others. The genetic effects can directly interfere with tissue development and skeletal growth or can trigger degenerative or inflammatory processes. Many of these diseases of the locomotor system like osteochondrosis are complex and can be affected by multifactorial influences. For this reason, it is important for those performing diagnostic procedures to have a comprehensive knowledge of orthopedic diseases, their prevalence within breeds, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Metzger
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany
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Classifications in Brief: Watson and Ballet Classification of Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist Arthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:663-666. [PMID: 30179931 PMCID: PMC6382201 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Amsellem PM, Young AN, Muirhead TL, Pack L, Moak P, Matthews AR, Marcellin-Little DJ. Effect of distal ulnar ostectomy on carpal joint stability during weight bearing in the dog. Vet Surg 2017; 46:1154-1160. [PMID: 28940545 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of a 50% distal ulnectomy on mediolateral carpal stability in the dog. STUDY DESIGN Canine cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION Seven canine thoracic limbs METHODS: Thoracic limbs were placed in a jig to mimic weight bearing with a load representing 30% of body weight. Carpal extension angle was standardized at 190° ± 5°. Frontal plane carpal angles were measured with the limb loaded on craniocaudal radiographs before and after ulnectomy. Valgus and varus stress radiographs with the limb loaded were acquired before and after ulnectomy. The limbs were palpated and were subjectively graded for valgus or varus instability by 2 investigators before and after ulnectomy. RESULTS Mean (±SD) valgus angulation increased after ulnectomy (2.1° ± 1.7°; P = .017; CI95 = 0.5°-3.7°) when the limb was loaded without valgus or varus stress applied. Mean valgus angulation increased after ulnectomy (2.7° ± 2.8°; P = .032; CI95 = -0.2°-5.5°) when valgus stress was applied to the loaded limb. Varus angulation was unchanged after ulnectomy (0.6° ± 4.6°; P = .383; CI95 = -4.2°-5.3°) when varus stress was applied to the loaded limb. Palpation detected increased valgus score after ulnectomy. CONCLUSION Distal ulnectomy with excision of the lateral styloid process induces a slight increase in valgus in canine cadaver carpi. The clinical consequences of that valgus on carpal function and health should be assessed in clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M Amsellem
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Aisha N Young
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Tammy L Muirhead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - LeeAnn Pack
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Peter Moak
- Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Denis J Marcellin-Little
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Scapholunate ligament injury is a commonly occurring carpal ligament injury. Pathology associated with scapholunate ligament injury depends on several factors such as the time after injury, type of injury (instability) and the development of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare contact mechanics in the lunocapitate and scaphocapitate joints in the normal, injured (scapholunate dissociation) and repaired (postoperative) wrist. METHODS Four human subjects with scapholunate ligament dissociation participated in this study. MR images of normal (contralateral), injured and postoperative wrists were obtained during relaxed condition and during active light grasp. Relaxed MR images were used to construct model geometry (bones with cartilage) for the capitate, lunate and scaphoid. Kinematic transformations were obtained by using image registration between the unloaded and functionally loaded image sets. Joint surface contact mechanics were then calculated. FINDINGS All contact measures (contact force, pressure, mean pressure and area) tended to increase with injury in both articulations. A significantly higher contact area was found in the injured scaphocapitate joint compared to normal. A significant increase in peak pressure was observed in the postoperative state compared to normal. INTERPRETATION Injury to the scapholunate ligament increased contact measures, suggesting a risk for onset of osteoarthritis in both the scaphocapitate and lunocapitate joints. Surgical repair appeared to restore most measures of contact mechanics to near normal values, more so for the lunocapitate joint when compared to scaphocapitate joint. The elevated postoperative peak pressures indicate the difficulty to fully restore joint mechanics.
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Reproducibility of X-rays and CT arthrography in SLAC, SNAC, SCAC wrists. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2016; 35:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Brunet J, Bacle G, Marteau E, Gadea F, Laulan J. Isolated or predominant capitolunate osteoarthritis is the consequence of lunotriquetral dissociation. X-ray analysis of 22 consecutive cases. HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2016; 35:4-9. [PMID: 27117017 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary osteoarthritis due to a scapholunate malalignment is well known, but is debatable in cases of lunotriquetral malalignment. It has been shown that lunotriquetral malalignment can lead to midcarpal osteoarthritis. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that a relationship exists between the presence of midcarpal osteoarthritis and the presence of lunotriquetral malalignment. All patients with midcarpal osteoarthritis, isolated or predominant, treated between 1981 and 2013 were reviewed. Intracarpal angles were measured and the relative position of the carpal bones was analyzed by two examiners. Osteoarthritis of the wrist's joints was quantified in three stages. Diagnosis of static dissociative ligament lesion was made and correlated with the location of osteoarthritis. Twenty-two wrists in 20 patients (13 men and 7 women; mean age of 59 years) were included. The lunocapitate osteoarthritis was moderate in 6 cases and severe in 16 cases. The radioscaphoid osteoarthritis was moderate in 5 cases and severe in 1 case. Lunotriquetral malalignment was present in all cases; it was isolated in 8 cases and associated with scapholunate malalignment in 14 cases. In isolated lunotriquetral malalignment cases, midcarpal osteoarthritis was isolated or associated with degenerative lesions of lunotriquetral interval. Cases of perilunate instability in which the osteoarthritis is more severe in the midcarpal joint than in the radioscaphoid joint likely resulted from an injurying mechanism with ulnar beginning (ulnar-sided perilunate instability).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brunet
- Unité de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, Services de chirurgie orthopédique 1 et 2, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - G Bacle
- Unité de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, Services de chirurgie orthopédique 1 et 2, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - E Marteau
- Unité de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, Services de chirurgie orthopédique 1 et 2, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - F Gadea
- Unité de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, Services de chirurgie orthopédique 1 et 2, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France
| | - J Laulan
- Unité de chirurgie de la main et du membre supérieur, Services de chirurgie orthopédique 1 et 2, Hôpital Trousseau, CHRU de Tours, avenue de la République, 37170 Chambray-lès-Tours, France.
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10
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Scapholunate Advanced Collapse: Nomenclature and Differential Diagnosis. J Hand Surg Am 2015; 40:2085-9. [PMID: 26243321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2015.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lok RLK, Griffith JF, Ng AWH, Wong CWY. Imaging of radial wrist pain. Part II: pathology. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:725-43. [PMID: 24522772 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pain on the radial side of the wrist is a common clinical presentation. Such wrist pain may provide a diagnostic challenge for radiologists, in view of the small size of the anatomic structures, the occasional subtlety of the imaging findings, the diversity of potential etiologies, as well as the non-infrequent occurrence of incidental asymptomatic findings in this area. This review discusses the imaging findings in both the more common and less common causes of radial-sided wrist pain, concentrating particularly on the detection of early disease and less readily apparent abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lee Ka Lok
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
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12
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Lee RKL, Griffith JF, Ng AWH, Wong CWY. Imaging of radial wrist pain. I. Imaging modalities and anatomy. Skeletal Radiol 2014; 43:713-24. [PMID: 24595440 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Radial wrist pain is a common clinical complaint. The relatively complex anatomy in this region, combined with the small size of the anatomical structures and occasionally subtle imaging findings, can pose problems when trying to localize the exact cause of pain. To fully comprehend the underlying pathology, one needs a good understanding of both radial-sided wrist anatomy and the relative merits of the different imaging techniques used to assess these structures. In part I of this review, these aspects will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Ka Lok Lee
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince Of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,
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13
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Vishwanathan K, Hearnden A, Talwalkar S, Hayton M, Murali SR, Trail IA. Reproducibility of radiographic classification of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2013; 38:780-7. [PMID: 23599279 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413484629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure inter- and intra-observer agreement on the radiographic classification of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrist. Radiographs of 41 patients with SLAC wrist and 47 patients with SNAC wrist were graded on two separate occasions by four orthopaedic consultants specializing in hand and wrist surgery. Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using the multi-rater kappa value. Landis and Koch criteria were used to assess the level of agreement. Intra-observer agreement was tested by re-grading the radiographs after an interval of 2 to 4 weeks and calculating the weighted kappa value. For SLAC wrist, the inter-observer agreement was moderate (kappa value = 0.59) and intra-observer agreement substantial (kappa value = 0.65). For SNAC wrist, the inter-observer agreement was slight (kappa value = 0.20) and intra-observer agreement was fair (kappa value = 0.29). Radiographic classification of SLAC wrist has moderate reliability and reproducibility, whereas classification of SNAC wrist has limited reliability.
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Abstract
Limited wrist fusions are effective surgical procedures for providing pain relief while preserving motion of the wrist in patients with localized arthritis of the carpus. In deciding which motion-preserving procedure to perform, the etiology of the arthritis, which joints are involved, and which are spared should be determined. The main principle is to fuse the involved joints and to allow motion through the uninvolved joints. In this article, we discuss the various traumatic and nontraumatic conditions causing arthritis of the wrist and the treatment options for those conditions. Common indications for limited wrist fusions include scapholunate advanced collapse and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse. Options for treating these conditions include three- and four-corner fusions as well as a proximal row carpectomy. This paper discusses which procedures are the most appropriate as well as the outcomes of these procedures. If the basic principles of limited wrist fusions are adhered to, a good outcome can be obtained. The authors' surgical technique and decision-making processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Ian Bain
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Modbury Public Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Duncan Thomas McGuire
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Modbury Public Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE. The horse as a model of naturally occurring osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2012; 1:297-309. [PMID: 23610661 PMCID: PMC3626203 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.111.2000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an important cause of
pain, disability and economic loss in humans, and is similarly important in
the horse. Recent knowledge on post-traumatic OA has suggested opportunities
for early intervention, but it is difficult to identify the appropriate
time of these interventions. The horse provides two useful mechanisms
to answer these questions: 1) extensive experience with clinical
OA in horses; and 2) use of a consistently predictable model of
OA that can help study early pathobiological events, define targets
for therapeutic intervention and then test these putative therapies.
This paper summarises the syndromes of clinical OA in horses including
pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and details controlled studies
of various treatment options using an equine model of clinical OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Moore DC, Casey JA, Gilbert SL, Crisco JJ. μCT-generated carpal cartilage surfaces: validation of a technique. J Biomech 2011; 44:2516-9. [PMID: 21777916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Computational models are increasingly being used for the analysis of kinematics and contact stresses in the wrist. To this point, however, the morphology of the carpal cartilage has been modeled simply, either with non-dimensional spring elements (in rigid body spring models) or via simple bone surface extrusions (e.g. for finite element models). In this work we describe an efficient method of generating high-resolution cartilage surfaces via micro-computed tomography (μCT) and registration to CT-generated bone surface models. The error associated with μCT imaging (at 10 μm) was 0.009 mm (95% confidence interval 0.007-0.012 mm ), or ~1.6% of the cartilage thickness. Registration error averaged 0.33±0.16 mm (97.5% confidence limit of ~0.55 mm in any one direction) and 2.42±1.56° (97.5% confidence limit of ~5.5° in any direction). The technique is immediately applicable to subject-specific models driven using kinematic data obtained through in vitro testing. However, the ultimate goal would be to generate a family of cartilage surfaces that could be scaled and/or morphed for application to models from live subjects and in vivo kinematic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Moore
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, CORO West, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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17
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Work-Up of the Arthritic Wrist. Tech Orthop 2009. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0b013e3181a07f19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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