Plating for distal radius fractures

Early Results of a Variable-Angle Volar Locking Plate for Distal Radius Fractures: A Bi-centre Study

Purpose

This study examines the clinical, functional and radiological outcomes of distal radius fracture fixation with the Aptus® (Medartis, Pennsylvania) locking plate in order to determine its efficacy and identify notable findings related to treatment variations.

Methods

This is a retrospective bi-centre study collecting patient details from a district general hospital and a regional hand unit. We assessed 61 consecutive patients with distal radius fractures (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) grade A=19, B=9, C=33) fixed using an Aptus® plate with a minimum of six months follow-up. Outcome measures included the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) score, wrist range of movement and grip strength, and complications. Radiographs were reviewed to assess restoration of anatomy and union.

Results

All but two fractures united within six weeks. The mean ranges of movement were only mildly restricted compared to the normal wrist (flexion/extension = 102°; radial/ulna deviation = 53°; pronation/supination = 169°). Mean postoperative grip strength was 23.8 kg, which was comparable to the contralateral side at 31.5 kg. The mean DASH score was 18.2. Seven patients had screws misplaced outside the distal radius although three of these remained asymptomatic.

Conclusion

Variable-angle locking systems benefit from the flexibility of implant positioning and may allow enhanced inter-fragmentary reduction for accurate fixation of intra-articular fractures.

A Sandwich Method Using Kapandji Intrafocal Pinning to Facilitate Palmar Plating of Displaced Distal Radius Fractures

The use of palmar plating in the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fracture is very common, and can result in a good functional outcome. We present an easy "sandwich method" to reduce the fracture and to facilitate osteosynthesis. Firstly, the dorsal Kapandji intrafocal wire was applied to achieve the reduction of the dorsally displaced fracture and provide a volar-directed force. Then the intra-articular fractures were reduced or the metaphyseal defect is stuffed with bone graft if necessary. Finally, the anatomical plate is used to buttress and push back the distal fragment to complete the osteosynthesis. The postoperative radiographic parameters, comparing with the contralateral noninjured side, could achieve similar radial height, radial inclination, volar tilt, and ulnar variance without significant difference.

Flexor tendon complications in comminuted distal radius fractures treated with anatomic volar rim locking plates

OBJECTIVE

Anatomic volar rim locking plates are designed with the aim of treating intraarticular distal radius fractures. When used to treat comminuted distal radius fractures, these plates can damage the flexor tendons. In this study, we sought to determine the radiological and functional results and rate of complications of these plates.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 36 patients (28 males, 8 females; mean age: 46.4 years) with AO/OTA Type C2-C3 distal radius fractures treated with anatomic volar rim distal radius plates between January 2011 and December 2014. Radial length, radial inclination and palmar tilt were compared with the intact wrist. Results were evaluated with the Mayo wrist and Lidstrom scores. Complications were documented throughout the follow-up period of 23.8 (range: 12 to 48) months.

RESULTS

Postoperative measurements of the radial length, inclination and palmar tilt did not differ significantly. Mayo wrist and Lidstrom scores were good and excellent in 27 and 32 patients, respectively. Flexor tenosynovitis was symptomatic in 15 patients and asymptomatic (localized swelling only) in 21. Plates were removed from 15 patients due to symptomatic tenosynovitis and from six patients due to partial rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the second finger was also partially ruptured in three patients.

CONCLUSION

Anatomic volar rim locking plates provide satisfying radiological and functional results in treating AO/OTA Type C2-C3 comminuted distal radius fractures. However, if these plates interfere with the union of the fracture, they should be removed to avoid potential tendon problems caused by their placement in the rim region.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV, Therapeutic study.

Dorsal spanning plate fixation for distal radius fractures

In polytrauma patients, the presence of a multifragmentary distal radius fracture poses a challenge with respect to early mobilization. Dorsal spanning plate fixation is an alternative choice for these patients for providing definitive operative fixation of the distal radius fracture and for providing a construct to allow weight-bearing through the injured wrist for rehabilitative purposes. In this article, we describe the operative technique to place a dorsal spanning plate and provide a retrospective review of outcomes in polytrauma patients.

Type C distal radial fractures treated with conventional AO plates: an easy and cost-saving solution in a locking plate era

PURPOSE

C-type distal radial fractures remain challenging fractures. Currently locking plates are very popular because of their length preserving, stability. A considerable drawback is the high cost. Since 2003 we have been using mini AO plates (2.7 mm) as an alternative. We analysed our results and performed a cost analysis.

METHODS

Retrospective analysis was performed of all patients operated upon between 2003 and 2008 for C type distal radius fractures. Reduction was achieved with mini AO plates, applied in a buttress fashion, with ligamentotaxis. Rehabilitation consisted of immediate mobilisation. Pre- and postoperative X-rays, operative results and patient charts were reviewed. Furthermore, we prospectively evaluated the functional results using VAS, DASH and Mayo wrist scores. Lastly, we assessed the implant costs and compared them to locking plates.

RESULTS

Thirty-four patients were treated with a mean age of 49 years. Mean radial shortening improved 2 mm; dorsal and radial angulation improved 23 and 4°, respectively. At consolidation (eight weeks) the average radial shortening was 0.75 mm, a volar angulation of 3°, and 21° of radial angulation. Functional results were excellent, demonstrated by a mean VAS score less than 1, a DASH score of 12 and a Mayo wrist score of 87. Compared to locking plates, there was an overall reduction in material costs of 15,300 Euro.

CONCLUSIONS

Our technique has excellent biomechanical stability, enabling immediate functional rehabilitation, good anatomical and functional outcome with significantly lower costs.