Flaccid theory and the geographies of sexual health in the age of Viagra™

The case of the Guru Nanak Emergency Services Department: Sikh therapeutic geographies

Why, in the early 21st century, has a publicly funded, publicly operated Canadian hospital incorporated the founding figure of the Sikh religion into its architecture and its identity? Drawing on qualitative research, this paper argues that the Guru Nanak Emergency Department is not an extension of the old tradition of naming hospitals after religious figures, but rather a novel development arising from the "super-diversity" of contemporary cities, the "spiritualizing" of healthcare ecologies, and the vigorous actions of Sikhs attempting to remedy social wounds and build 'healthy spaces' in the pluralistic urban environs they are part of. A new therapeutic geography is emergent; the Guru Nanak Emergency Department signals new trajectories of care propagated by the lively interrelations of spiritualized healthcare ecologies, precarious and mobile religious minorities, and the city that houses them both.

How Did Erectile Dysfunction Become "Natural"? A Review of the Critical Social Scientific Literature on Medical Treatment for Male Sexual Dysfunction

This article reviews the multidisciplinary social science literature assessing the social consequences of medical treatment for male sexual dysfunction. This literature applies medicalization theory and social constructionist approaches to gender to assert that Euro-American cultural ideals of masculinity and sexuality, as well as ageism and ableism, determine which sexual changes and experiences get defined as "dysfunction" and shape the marketing and use of medical treatments for those changes. These medical responses assuage the suffering of men who become unable to meet cultural ideals for sexuality but in the process make reductive norms for male sexuality seem biologically natural. In addition, the critical social science research suggests that an economic logic underlies the process of redefining diversity and change in men's sexual function as medical pathology. However, comparative qualitative data on men's and their sexual partners' experiences of sexuality and aging across world regions suggest that people do not universally accept the narrow ideals of male sexuality embedded in medical discourse regarding men's sexual dysfunction. The diversity in people's sexual desires across the life course and their responses to sexual function change highlight the cultural nature of medical definitions of sexual dysfunction.

Social geographies of African American men who have sex with men (MSM): a qualitative exploration of the social, spatial and temporal context of HIV risk in Baltimore, Maryland

This qualitative study utilized a time-geography framework to explore the daily routines and daily paths of African American men who have sex with men (AA MSM) and how these shape HIV risk. Twenty AA MSM aged 18 years and older completed an in-depth interview. Findings revealed (1) paths and routines were differentiated by indicators of socio-economic status, namely employment and addiction, and (2) risk was situated within social and spatial processes that included dimensions of MSM disclosure and substance use. This study highlights the critical need for future research and interventions that incorporate the social and spatial dimensions of behavior to advance our ability to explain racial disparities in HIV and develop effective public health responses.

Addressing HIV prevention and disease burden among Africans aged over 50 years

Although sub-Saharan Africans aged 50 years or over constitute about 4.7% of the general population and 5.6% of the total adult population infected with HIV, they remain the forgotten cohort of the AIDS pandemic. Based on a literature review and data from the World Health Organization Demographic Health Surveys, the authors analyse the prevalence of HIV among African men aged 50-59 and provide a brief analysis of risk factors, as well as the influence of demographic, epidemiologic, pathophysiologic and socio-cultural transitions on HIV prevention and disease burden among older Africans. Evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment interventions are urgently required in order to address the wellbeing of HIV-infected, older Africans.