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Murphy A, Ollerenshaw A. A community‐wide approach to reducing risky drinking cultures in young people in rural Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 31:204-217. [PMID: 36281926 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the impact of a multi-faceted, harm minimisation program addressing youth alcohol change and risky drinking behaviours in rural Australia. The role and influence of a multi-tiered community approach to changing alcohol cultures is examined. SETTING An alcohol culture change project for young people (12-18 years) was implemented in rural Victoria. It was informed by the Alcohol Cultures Framework, comprising community-wide events and youth-focused activities, co-designed with young people. The approach aimed at maximising engagement and reducing alcohol-related harm by targeting the shared activities and drinking practices of young people, parents and the community. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 446) provided feedback specific to three key program activities for promoting alcohol change. DESIGN Mixed methods: Feedback sheets were collected, and interviews and focus groups were conducted with program participants. RESULTS Participants indicated that the program had informed their understanding of the way people in their region drink, and the social norms and practices around alcohol that encourage risky drinking. It influenced their short- and medium-term reactions, learnings and activities relating to alcohol consumption. The impact of the program was greatest in adults than young people although reflective learning and some behaviour change were evident across all age groups and community clusters. CONCLUSION Community-wide health promotion events offer participants a deeper understanding of the ways in which dominant alcohol cultures inform the practices and activities of young people within a broader community context. Ensuring health promotion programs within a whole-of-community approach are established longer term, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Murphy
- Centre for eResearch and Digital Innovation Federation University Ballarat Victoria Australia
| | - Alison Ollerenshaw
- Centre for eResearch and Digital Innovation Federation University Ballarat Victoria Australia
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Cannon AC, Mandal M, McGuire C, Calhoun LM, Mumuni T, Speizer IS. A vignette-based approach to understanding social norms around family planning in three Nigerian cities. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:1379-1391. [PMID: 34032182 PMCID: PMC9890377 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.1928261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms through which social norms shape contraceptive use can help prevent unintended pregnancies in low-income countries. The Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI) aimed to increase contraceptive uptake through advocacy, service delivery, and demand generation. Using data from focus group discussions, we examined whether social norms around family planning (FP), and specifically use of modern contraception (MC), varied among women and girls of reproductive age exposed to varying levels of the programme in three Nigerian cities. Injunctive social norms were generally unfavourable of unmarried adolescent girls' use of MC, though participants often shared exceptions for certain types of adolescents whose use of MC would be acceptable. There was greater acceptability for MC use by women who wanted to space or limit pregnancies. Participants reported that norms around FP and MC use have become more accepting in their communities over time. Normative differences between cities were identified. Participants' perceptions of religious leaders' support for FP use may have contributed to positively influencing social norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby C. Cannon
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Courtney McGuire
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lisa M. Calhoun
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tolulope Mumuni
- Centre for Population and Reproductive Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ilene S. Speizer
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Telenta J, Jones SC, Francis KL, Polonsky MJ, Beard J, Renzaho AMN. Australian lessons for developing and testing a culturally inclusive health promotion campaign. Health Promot Int 2019; 35:217-231. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to develop and test culturally appropriate health promotion materials that were seen to be socially inclusive in regard to blood donation within the Australian-African community. Materials were produced in multiple languages (English, Arabic, Swahili and Kirundi) and were initially developed based on previous pilot data, with feedback from the project partner (Australian Red Cross Blood Service) and the African community. Seven formative focus groups with 62 participants were then conducted to ensure the materials would be effective, credible and culturally acceptable to the target audience, including preferred messages, taglines and images. The response confirmed that quotes and images from community members (as opposed to actors) were critical to ensure messages were engaging and believable, and had meaningful taglines that were perceived to be authentic. The refined materials were then used in a community intervention study. The evaluation included an assessment of respondents’ views of the messages post-intervention. Of the 281 African migrants who saw the campaign materials during the intervention period, the majority (75.8%) strongly agreed that the materials made them feel part of the wider Australian community. These results suggest that engagement in developmental activities with targeted communities is important for creating positively viewed culturally targeted public health campaigns. A six-step process is suggested that could be used by other organizations to ensure that messages are acceptable to targeted migrant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Telenta
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate L Francis
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Polonsky
- Department of Marketing, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Joshua Beard
- Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andre M N Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. Changing Collective Social Norms in Favour of Reduced Harmful Use of Alcohol: A Review of Reviews. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:326-332. [PMID: 29346480 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public sector bodies have called for policies and programmes to shift collective social norms in disfavour of the harmful use of alcohol. This article aims to identify and summarize the evidence and propose how policies and programmes to shift social norms could be implemented and evaluated. Design Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Data sources Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register and Epub Ahead of Print databases. Eligibility All reviews, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ((review or literature review or review literature or data pooling or comparative study or systematic review or meta-analysis or pooled analysis) and (social norms or culture) and (alcohol drinking)). Results Two relevant reviews were identified. One review of community-based interventions found one study that demonstrated small changes in parental disapproval of under-age drinking. One review stressed that collective social norms about drinking are malleable and not uniform in any one country. Three factors are proposed to inform programmes: provide information about the consequences of the harmful use of alcohol, and their causes and distribution; act on groups, not individuals; and strengthen environmental laws, regulations and approaches. Conclusions Purposeful policies and programmes could be implemented to change collective social norms in disfavour of the harmful use of alcohol; they should be evidence-based and fully evaluated for their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, 6221 HA Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. City-based action to reduce harmful alcohol use: review of reviews. F1000Res 2018; 7:120. [PMID: 29862017 PMCID: PMC5843824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13783.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization global strategy on alcohol called for municipal policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Yet, there is limited evidence that documents the impact of city-level alcohol policies. Methods: Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register, and Epub Ahead of Print databases. All reviews that address adults, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ("review" or "literature review" or "review literature" or "data pooling" or "comparative study" or "systematic review" or "meta-analysis" or "pooled analysis"), and "alcohol", and "intervention" and ("municipal" or "city" or "community"). Results: Five relevant reviews were identified. Studies in the reviews were all from high income countries and focussed on the acute consequences of drinking, usually with one target intervention, commonly bars, media, or drink-driving. No studies in the reviews reported the impact of comprehensive city-based action. One community cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia, published after the reviews, failed to find convincing evidence of an impact of community-based interventions in reducing adult harmful use of alcohol. Conclusions: To date, with one exception, the impact of adult-oriented comprehensive community and municipal action to reduce the harmful use of alcohol has not been studied. The one exception failed to find a convincing effect. We conclude with recommendations for closing this evidence gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4AX, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6221 HA , Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science (IMS) , University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building,1 King’s College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, Dresden, 01187 , Germany
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Combining Social Norms and Social Marketing to Address Underage Drinking: Development and Process Evaluation of a Whole-of-Community Intervention. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169872. [PMID: 28107374 PMCID: PMC5249059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth alcohol consumption has been steadily declining in Australia, as in other countries; fewer young people are drinking and the age of initiation is increasing. However, young people, their parents and others in their communities continue to believe that adolescent (excessive) drinking is the norm. This perception, and the concurrent misperception that the majority of parents are happy to provide their underage children with alcohol, creates a perceived culture of acceptance of youth alcohol consumption. Young people believe that it is accepted, and even expected, that they will drink; and parents perceive that not providing their adolescent children with alcohol will lead to social exclusion. There is evidence that shifting social norms can have an immediate and lasting effect adolescents’ (and adults’) alcohol related attitudes and behaviors. This paper reports on a novel, community based social marketing intervention designed to correct misperceptions of alcohol related social norms in an Australian community. The project utilized a social marketing approach, informed by the full complement of Andreasen’s social marketing benchmarking criteria, and concurrently targeted adolescents, parents of adolescents and the broader community. Using extensive formative research and multiple evaluation techniques, the study demonstrates that shifts in community social norms are possible and suggests that this approach could be used more widely to support the positive trends in youth alcohol consumption and parental supply.
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8
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Jongenelis MI, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Slevin T, Pratt IS, Chikritzhs T, Liang W. Investigating Single- Versus Multiple-Source Approaches to Communicating Health Messages Via an Online Simulation. Am J Health Promot 2016; 32:979-988. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117116673819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To assess whether exposing drinkers to information about the alcohol–cancer link via multiple and diverse sources in an online simulation produces larger improvements in attitudes and intentions relative to exposure to a single source of information. Design: Experimental; unequal randomization with respondents allocated to either the single-source (20%) or multiple-source condition (80%). Alcohol-related behavioral intentions were assessed preexposure and postexposure. Setting: Australia. Participants: A total of 2087 drinkers consuming alcohol at least twice per month. Measures: Scales were used to assess attitudes toward the messages (believability, convincingness, and personal relevance) and behavioral intentions (extent to which participants believed that they should and would reduce their alcohol consumption and their intention to consume 5 or more drinks in a single session). Analysis: Hierarchical linear regression. Results: Source condition was significantly associated with all 3 attitudinal variables ( P < .001). Those exposed to an alcohol warning statement from multiple sources found the message more believable, convincing, and personally relevant compared to those exposed to a warning statement via a single source. They also reported significantly greater change preexposure to postexposure on the 2 behavioral beliefs that they should (Δ M = 0.25 vs Δ M = 0.09) and would (Δ M = 0.23 vs Δ M = 0.00) reduce their current alcohol consumption ( P < .001). Further, those in the multiple-source condition reported reduced intentions to consume 5 or more standard drinks in a single sitting (Δ M = 0.21 vs Δ M = 0.14; P < .001). Conclusion: Findings from the online simulation provide support for the suggestion that integrated approaches involving the combination of multiple sources to deliver a message produce superior outcomes compared to relying on a single source (eg, warning labels on alcoholic beverages).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I. Jongenelis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terry Slevin
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Iain S Pratt
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wenbin Liang
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Pettigrew S, Biagioni N, Jongenelis MI. Anticipating and addressing event-specific alcohol consumption among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:661. [PMID: 27473123 PMCID: PMC4966801 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various specific events and celebrations are associated with excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. End-of-school celebrations such as Schoolies in Australia are of particular concern given high levels of documented harm among underage and young drinkers. The present study investigated high school students’ expectations of their Schoolies celebrations to inform future interventions to reduce adverse outcomes among members of this vulnerable group and other young people involved in similar rites of passage. Methods A link to an online survey was distributed via high schools and Schoolies-related websites. The survey included qualitative questions that invited respondents to discuss (i) aspects of Schoolies they were looking forward to most and least and (ii) their perceptions of the likely consequences if they refrained from consuming alcohol during the event. In total, 435 students provided responses. Results Respondents discussed the role of Schoolies in marking their transition to adulthood. Their comments revealed a cross-temporal focus indicating that Schoolies is simultaneously symbolic of the past, present, and future. Through its ability to enhance social interaction, alcohol was perceived to have a vital role in realising the potential of this event to signify and facilitate this temporal progression. Conclusions Results suggest interventions that treat Schoolies as an isolated event that occurs in specific locations may fail to appreciate the extent to which these events transcend time for those involved. Instead, harm reduction is likely to involve a reconceptualisation of the event among both participants and authority figures to facilitate the provision of alternative pastimes to drinking during Schoolies that yield similar social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
| | - Nicole Biagioni
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
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10
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Jones SC, Andrews K, Berry N. Lost in translation: a focus group study of parents' and adolescents' interpretations of underage drinking and parental supply. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:561. [PMID: 27411789 PMCID: PMC4944521 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reductions in underage drinking will only come about from changes in the social and cultural environment. Despite decades of messages discouraging parental supply, parents perceive social norms supportive of allowing children to consume alcohol in ‘safe’ environments. Methods Twelve focus groups conducted in a regional community in NSW, Australia; four with parents of teenagers (n = 27; 70 % female) and eight with adolescents (n = 47; 55 % female). Participants were recruited using local media. Groups explored knowledge and attitudes and around alcohol consumption by, and parental supply of alcohol to, underage teenagers; and discussed materials from previous campaigns targeting adolescents and parents. Results Parents and adolescents perceived teen drinking to be a common behaviour within the community, but applied moral judgements to these behaviours. Younger adolescents expressed more negative views of teen drinkers and parents who supply alcohol than older adolescents. Adolescents and parents perceived those who ‘provide alcohol’ (other families) as bad parents, and those who ‘teach responsible drinking’ (themselves) as good people. Both groups expressed a preference for high-fear, victim-blaming messages that targeted ‘those people’ whose behaviours are problematic. Conclusions In developing and testing interventions to address underage drinking, it is essential to ensure the target audience perceive themselves to be the target audience. If we do not have a shared understanding of underage ‘drinking’ and parental ‘provision’, such messages will continue to be perceived by parents who are trying to do the ‘right’ thing as targeting a different behaviour and tacitly supporting their decision to provide their children with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Jones
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Kelly Andrews
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Nina Berry
- Centre for Health and Social Research (CHaSR), Australian Catholic University, Level 5, 215 Spring St., Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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11
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Hatfield DP, Sliwa SA, Folta SC, Economos CD, Goldberg JP. The critical role of communications in a multilevel obesity-prevention intervention: Lessons learned for alcohol educators. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2016; 100 Suppl 1:S3-S10. [PMID: 26830515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multilevel interventions to prevent underage drinking are more effective than individual-level strategies, and messaging campaigns are key to such approaches. Recognizing the benefits of translating best practices across public health domains, this paper details the communications campaign from Shape Up Somerville (SUS), an exemplar for multilevel community-based approaches to address pediatric obesity, highlighting lessons learned for alcohol educators. METHODS All elements of SUS, including the communications strategy, were developed collaboratively with local partners. Communication initiatives included community-engaged brand development to unify diverse intervention components; school-based communications to promote new opportunities for healthy eating and physical activity; and media partnerships to promote healthy behaviors community-wide. RESULTS The overall SUS intervention was effective in reducing prevalence of overweight/obesity among first- to third-graders in Somerville relative to control communities. Process evaluation showed that communications successfully reached diverse community segments and raised awareness of and receptivity to changes. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Communications campaigns are essential components of multilevel interventions addressing public health challenges including obesity and underage drinking. Such communications should be developed collaboratively with the target audience and stakeholders, designed to engage community members at multiple levels through multiple channels within a systems framework, and sustained through local partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Hatfield
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Sarah A Sliwa
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sara C Folta
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christina D Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jeanne P Goldberg
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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12
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Dietrich T, Rundle-Thiele S, Schuster L, Drennan J, Russell-Bennett R, Leo C, Gullo MJ, Connor JP. Differential segmentation responses to an alcohol social marketing program. Addict Behav 2015; 49:68-77. [PMID: 26086082 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to establish whether meaningful subgroups exist within a 14-16 year old adolescent population and if these segments respond differently to the Game On: Know Alcohol (GOKA) intervention, a school-based alcohol social marketing program. METHODOLOGY This study is part of a larger cluster randomized controlled evaluation of the GOKA program implemented in 14 schools in 2013/2014. TwoStep cluster analysis was conducted to segment 2,114 high school adolescents (14-16 years old) on the basis of 22 demographic, behavioral, and psychographic variables. Program effects on knowledge, attitudes, behavioral intentions, social norms, alcohol expectancies, and drinking refusal self-efficacy of identified segments were subsequently examined. RESULTS Three segments were identified: (1) Abstainers, (2) Bingers, and (3) Moderate Drinkers. Program effects varied significantly across segments. The strongest positive change effects post-participation were observed for Bingers, while mixed effects were evident for Moderate Drinkers and Abstainers. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary empirical evidence supporting the application of social marketing segmentation in alcohol education programs. Development of targeted programs that meet the unique needs of each of the three identified segments will extend the social marketing footprint in alcohol education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Dietrich
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
| | - Lisa Schuster
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Judy Drennan
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Rebekah Russell-Bennett
- School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Cheryl Leo
- School of Management and Governance, Murdoch University, Australia.
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research and Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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