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Köhne I. Kontinuierlich fördernde Blutpumpen für die Langzeitherzunterstützung. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR HERZ THORAX UND GEFASSCHIRURGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-020-00398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Petroni T, D’Alessandro C, Combes A, Golmard JL, Brechot N, Barreda E, Laali M, Farahmand P, Varnous S, Weber P, Pavie A, Leprince P. Long-term outcome of heart transplantation performed after ventricular assist device compared with standard heart transplantation. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 112:485-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Zhu L, Yang X, Wu Y, Wang M, Luo Y. Optimization of a passively suspended injection impeller for Left ventricular assist device. Technol Health Care 2017; 25:317-324. [PMID: 28582920 DOI: 10.3233/thc-171335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rotary blood pump with a passively levitated impeller and a large bearing gap between housing and impeller in the range of 0.6 mm has been developed for Left ventricular assist device (LVAD). OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study is to determine the optimal injection angle of the impeller to improve its radial stability by increasing the radial suspension force. MTEHODS Since the radial and axial suspension forces generated by an injection channel were equal, the axial suspension force obtained from numerical simulation was chosen as the evaluation parameter. First, the impellers with different injection angles were calculated with numerical simulation to obtain the maximum axial suspension force. Second, the radial motion of the impeller was experimentally measured for the evaluation of the radial stability. RESULTS The numerical analysis revealed that the axial suspension force acting on the impeller reached the maximum value at the injection angle of 60 degrees. In the measurement test, the impeller with injection angle of 60 degrees achieved the most stable radial movement. Therefore, the effectiveness of the numerical analysis was validated. CONCLUSIONS The injection angle of impeller could be optimized to improve its radial stability, and the optimal injection angle was 60 degrees.
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Netuka I, Sood P, Pya Y, Zimpfer D, Krabatsch T, Garbade J, Rao V, Morshuis M, Marasco S, Beyersdorf F, Damme L, Schmitto JD. Fully Magnetically Levitated Left Ventricular Assist System for Treating Advanced HF: A Multicenter Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 66:2579-2589. [PMID: 26670056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist system (LVAS) is intended to provide long-term support to patients with advanced heart failure. The centrifugal flow pump is designed for enhanced hemocompatibility by incorporating a magnetically levitated rotor with wide blood-flow paths and an artificial pulse. OBJECTIVES The aim of this single-arm, prospective, multicenter study was to evaluate the performance and safety of this LVAS. METHODS The primary endpoint was 6-month survival compared with INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support)-derived performance goal. Patients were adults with ejection fraction ≤ 25%, cardiac index ≤ 2.2 l/min/m(2) without inotropes or were inotrope-dependent on optimal medical management, or listed for transplant. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled at 10 centers. The indications for LVAS support were bridge to transplantation (54%) or destination therapy (46%). At 6 months, 88% of patients continued on support, 4% received transplants, and 8% died. Thirty-day mortality was 2% and 6-month survival 92%, which exceeded the 88% performance goal. Support with the fully magnetically levitated LVAS significantly reduced mortality risk by 66% compared with the Seattle Heart Failure Model-predicted survival of 78% (p = 0.0093). Key adverse events included reoperation for bleeding (14%), driveline infection (10%), gastrointestinal bleeding (8%), and debilitating stroke (modified Rankin Score > 3) (8%). There were no pump exchanges, pump malfunctions, pump thrombosis, or hemolysis events. New York Heart Association classification, 6-min walk test, and quality-of-life scores showed progressive and sustained improvement. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the fully magnetically levitated centrifugal-flow chronic LVAS is safe, with high 30-day and 6-month survival rates, a favorable adverse event profile, and improved quality of life and functional status. (HeartMate 3™ CE Mark Clinical Investigation Plan [HM3 CE Mark]; NCT02170363).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Netuka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Department of Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Poornima Sood
- Clinical Affairs, St. Jude Medical, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Yuriy Pya
- National Research Cardiac Surgery Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Daniel Zimpfer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krabatsch
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Garbade
- Heart Center Leipzig, Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vivek Rao
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michiel Morshuis
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Silvana Marasco
- Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Friedhelm Beyersdorf
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Freiburg, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Damme
- Clinical Affairs, St. Jude Medical, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Jan D Schmitto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Fontana R, Tortora G, Silvestri M, Vatteroni M, Dario P, Trivella M. A portable system for autoregulation and wireless control of sensorized left ventricular assist devices. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fontana R, Silvestri M, Tortora G, Vatteroni M, Trivella MG, Dario P. An autoregulation unit for enabling adaptive control of sensorized left ventricular assist device. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:278-81. [PMID: 25569951 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes an integrated system for facing heart failures (HF) in an innovative way. Existing left ventricular assist devices (LVAD or VAD) are usually devoted to blood pumping without the possibility to adapt the speed to patient conditions during everyday activities. This is essentially due to the lack of sensorization, bulkiness, and the need of relying on device-specific controllers with reduced computing ability for the existing ventricular assist systems. In this work, an innovative integrated and portable device, the ARU, is presented for enhancing VADs applicability as a long-term solution to HF. The ARU is an universal device able to fulfill with the needs of sensorized VADs in terms of data storing, continuous monitoring, autoregulation and adaptation to patient condition changes during daily activities. The ARU is able to wirelessly interface wearable devices for offering additional monitoring features from remote. The ARU functionalities on bench have been tested by the interfacing with a sensorized VAD platform in order to prove the feasibility of the approach. Experiments of local and remote VAD speed changes and autoregulation algorithms have been successfully tested showing response time of 1 s.
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Verbeni A, Fontana R, Silvestri M, Tortora G, Vatteroni M, Trivella MG, Dario P. An innovative adaptive control strategy for sensorized left ventricular assist devices. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2014; 8:660-668. [PMID: 25222954 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2014.2346015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays advanced heart failure is mainly treated through heart transplantation. However, the low availability of donors makes the research of alternative therapies urgent. Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are going to assume a more significant role in assisting the failing heart. A recent challenge in clinical practice is the possibility to use LVAD as long-term therapy rather than as a bridge to transplantation. For this reason, more comfortable devices, able to dynamically adapt to the physiological cardiac demand in relation to the patient activity level, are needed in order to improve the life quality of patients with implants. Nevertheless, no control system has been developed yet for this purpose. This work proposes an innovative control strategy for a novel sensorized LVAD, based on the continuous collection of physical and functional parameters coming from implantable sensors and from the LVAD itself. Thanks to the proposed system, both the patient and the LVAD conditions are continuously monitored and the LVAD activity regulated accordingly. Specifically, a Proportional Integrative (PI) and a threshold control algorithms have been implemented, respectively based on flow and pressure feedbacks collected from the embedded sensors. To investigate the feasibility and applicability of this control strategy, an on-bench platform for LVADs sensing and monitoring has been developed and tested.
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El-Menyar AA. Multidisciplinary approach for circulatory support in patients with advanced heart failure. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 7:259-62. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.7.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Morshuis M, Schoenbrodt M, Nojiri C, Roefe D, Schulte-Eistrup S, Boergermann J, Gummert JF, Arusoglu L. DuraHeart™ magnetically levitated centrifugal left ventricular assist system for advanced heart failure patients. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 7:173-83. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.09.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Organ transplantation is one of the medical miracles or the 20th century. It has the capacity to substantially improve exercise performance and quality of life in patients who are severely limited with chronic organ failure. We focus on the most commonly performed solid-organ transplants and describe peak exercise performance following recovery from transplantation. Across all of the common transplants, evaluated significant reduction in VO2peak is seen (typically renal and liver 65%-80% with heart and/or lung 50%-60% of predicted). Those with the lowest VO2peak pretransplant have the lowest VO2peak posttransplant. Overall very few patients have a VO2peak in the normal range. Investigation of the cause of the reduction of VO2peak has identified many factors pre- and posttransplant that may contribute. These include organ-specific factors in the otherwise well-functioning allograft (e.g., chronotropic incompetence in heart transplantation) as well as allograft dysfunction itself (e.g., chronic lung allograft dysfunction). However, looking across all transplants, a pattern emerges. A low muscle mass with qualitative change in large exercising skeletal muscle groups is seen pretransplant. Many factor posttransplant aggravate these changes or prevent them recovering, especially calcineurin antagonist drugs which are key immunosuppressing agents. This results in the reduction of VO2peak despite restoration of near normal function of the initially failing organ system. As such organ transplantation has provided an experiment of nature that has focused our attention on an important confounder of chronic organ failure-skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J Williams
- Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Respiratory Medicine Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hrobowski T, Lanfear DE. Ventricular assist devices: is destination therapy a viable alternative in the non-transplant candidate? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2013; 10:101-7. [PMID: 23129352 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-012-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The topic of this article, stated a more familiar way, is whether left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are ready for 'Primetime' as a therapeutic option in and of themselves. In order to provide an update and insight on this question, we briefly review from where the field has come, and in more detail describe its current state and where we are heading. We believe the short answer to this question is 'Yes', but like many things, a short answer is not adequate. Here we attempt to deliver a more comprehensive answer, providing some historical context, outlining the great achievements that have been made, as well as the many challenges that still remain before LVADs become a truly mainstream therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hrobowski
- Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Postcardiac transplant survival in the current era in patients receiving continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:575-81. [PMID: 23321132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices have become the standard of care for patients with heart failure requiring mechanical circulatory support as a bridge to transplant. However, data on long-term post-transplant survival for these patients are limited. We evaluated the effect of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices on postcardiac transplant survival in the current era. METHODS All patients who received a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant at a single center from June 2005 to September 2011 were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 167 patients who received a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplant, 77 (46%) underwent cardiac transplantation, 27 died before transplantation (16%), and 63 (38%) remain listed for transplantation and continued with left ventricular assist device support. The mean age of the transplanted patients was 54.5 ± 11.9 years, 57% had an ischemic etiology, and 20% were women. The overall mean duration of left ventricular assist device support before transplantation was 310 ± 227 days (range, 67-1230 days). The mean duration of left ventricular assist device support did not change in patients who had received a left ventricular assist device in the early period of the study (2005-2008, n = 62) compared with those who had received a left ventricular assist device later (2009-2011, n = 78, 373 vs 392 days, P = NS). In addition, no difference was seen in survival between those patients supported with a left ventricular assist device for fewer than 180 days or longer than 180 days before transplantation (P = NS). The actuarial survival after transplantation at 30 days and 1, 3, and 5 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 98.7%, 93.0%, 91.1%, and 88.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The short- and long-term post-transplant survival for patients bridged with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device in the current era has been excellent. Furthermore, the duration of left ventricular assist device support did not affect post-transplant survival. The hemodynamic benefits of ventricular unloading with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices, in addition to their durability and reduced patient morbidity, have contributed to improved post-transplant survival.
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Wang L, Xu YX, Du XJ, Sun QG, Tian YJ. Dynamic expression profiles of MMPs/TIMPs and collagen deposition in mechanically unloaded rat heart: implications for left ventricular assist device support-induced cardiac alterations. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 69:477-85. [PMID: 23315238 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) ameliorate heart failure by reducing preload and afterload. However, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after application of LVADs is not clearly defined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate ECM remodeling after mechanical unloading in a rat heart transplant model. Sixty male Lewis rats were subjected to abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation, and the transplanted hearts were pressure- and volume-unloaded. The age- and weight- matched male Lewis rats who had undergone open thoracic surgeries were used as the control. Left ventricle ECM accumulation and the expression/activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were measured on the third, seventh, and fourteenth days after transplantation/sham surgery. Compared with the control group, myocardial ECM deposition significantly increased on the seventh and fourteenth days after heart transplantation (P < 0.05) and peaked on the 14th day. The gelatinase activity as well as mRNA expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased after transplantation (P < 0.05). Both mRNA and protein levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 significantly increased compared with those of the control group. Mechanical unloading may lead to adverse remodeling of the ECM of the left ventricle. The underlying mechanism may due to the imbalance of the MMP/TIMP system, especially the remarkable upregulation of TIMPs in the pressure and volume unloaded heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Shandong Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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14
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Beyond survival: Recommendations from INTERMACS for assessing function and quality of life with mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31:1158-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Chronic heart failure is a major healthcare problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite significant progress in treatment strategies, the prognosis of heart failure patients remains poor. The golden standard treatment for heart failure is heart transplantation after failure of medical therapy, surgery and/or cardiac resynchronisation therapy. In order to improve patients’ outcome and quality of life, new emerging treatment modalities are currently being investigated, including mechanical cardiac support devices, of which the left ventricular assist device is the most promising treatment option. Structured care for heart failure patients according to the most recent international heart failure guidelines may further contribute to optimal decision-making. This article will review the conventional and novel treatment modalities of heart failure.
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Third-generation continuous flow left ventricular assist devices. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2012; 5:250-8. [PMID: 22437454 DOI: 10.1097/imi.0b013e3181ee77a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous advances have been made in the treatment of end-stage heart failure patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). An important factor playing a role in the improved clinical outcomes is the development of continuous flow, rotary LVADs. New technology using magnetic levitation and hydrodynamic suspension to eliminate contact bearings offers the potential of more durable and efficacious mechanical circulatory blood pumps. Clinical trials evaluating these novel "third-generation" LVADs are in progress.
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Komoda T, Drews T, Hetzer R, Lehmkuhl HB. Lower body surface area is highly related to mortality due to stroke or systemic bleeding in patients receiving an axial flow blood pump as a left ventricular assist device. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 43:1036-42. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Mishra V, Fiane AE, Geiran O, Sørensen G, Khushi I, Hagen TP. Hospital costs fell as numbers of LVADs were increasing: experiences from Oslo University Hospital. J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 7:76. [PMID: 22925716 PMCID: PMC3515474 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-7-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study was undertaken to examine total hospital costs per patient of a consecutive implantation series of two 3rd generation Left Ventricle Assist Devices (LVAD). Further we analyzed if increased clinical experience would reduce total hospital costs and the gap between costs and the diagnosis related grouped (DRG)-reimbursement. Method Cost data of 20 LVAD implantations (VentrAssist™) from 2005-2009 (period 1) were analyzed together with costs from nine patients using another LVAD (HeartWare™) from 2009-June 2011 (period 2). For each patient, total costs were calculated for three phases - the pre-LVAD implantation phase, the LVAD implantation phase and the post LVAD implant phase. Patient specific costs were obtained prospectively from patient records and included personnel resources, medication, blood products, blood chemistry and microbiology, imaging and procedure costs including operating room costs. Overhead costs were registered retrospectively and allocated to the specific patient by predefined allocation keys. Finally, patient specific costs and overhead costs were aggregated into total hospital costs for each patient. All costs were calculated in 2011-prices. We used regression analyses to analyze cost variations over time and between the different devices. Results The average total hospital cost per patient for the pre-LVAD, LVAD and post-LVAD for period 1 was $ 585, 513 (range 132, 640- 1 247, 299), and the corresponding DRG- reimbursement (2009) was $ 143, 192 . The mean LOS was 54 days (range 12- 127). For period 2 the total hospital cost per patient was $ 413, 185 (range 314, 540- 622, 664) and the corresponding DRG- reimbursement (2010) was $ 136, 963. The mean LOS was 49 days (range 31- 93). The estimates from the regression analysis showed that the total hospital costs, excluding device costs, per patient were falling as the number of treated patients increased. The estimate from the trend variable was -14, 096 US$ (CI -3, 842 to -24, 349, p < 0.01). Conclusion There were significant reductions in total hospital costs per patient as the numbers of patients were increasing. This can possibly be explained by a learning effect including better logistics, selection and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Mishra
- Department of Finance and Resource Management Unit, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Spiliopoulos K, Giamouzis G, Karayannis G, Karangelis D, Koutsias S, Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Skoularigis J, Butler J, Triposkiadis F. Current status of mechanical circulatory support: a systematic review. Cardiol Res Pract 2012; 2012:574198. [PMID: 22970403 PMCID: PMC3433124 DOI: 10.1155/2012/574198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major public health problem and its management requires a significant amount of health care resources. Even with administration of the best available medical treatment, the mortality associated with the disease remains high. As therapeutical strategies for heart failure have been refined, the number of patients suffering from the disease has expanded dramatically. Although heart transplantation still represents the gold standard therapeutical approach, the implantation of mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) evolved to a well-established management for this disease. The limited applicability of heart transplantation caused by a shortage of donor organs and the concurrent expand of the patient population with end-stage heart failure led to a considerable utilization of MCSDs. This paper outlines the current status of mechanical circulatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Spiliopoulos
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Larissa University Hospital, P.O. Box 1425, 411 10 Larissa, Greece
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Schwarz ER, Philip KJ, Simsir SA, Czer L, Trento A, Finder SG, Cleenewerck LA. Maximal care considerations when treating patients with end-stage heart failure: ethical and procedural quandaries in management of the very sick. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2011; 50:872-879. [PMID: 20191322 PMCID: PMC3230758 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Deciding who should receive maximal technological treatment options and who should not represents an ethical, moral, psychological and medico-legal challenge for health care providers. Especially in patients with chronic heart failure, the ethical and medico-legal issues associated with providing maximal possible care or withholding the same are coming to the forefront. Procedures, such as cardiac transplantation, have strict criteria for adequate candidacy. These criteria for subsequent listing are based on clinical outcome data but also reflect the reality of organ shortage. Lack of compliance and non-adherence to lifestyle changes represent relative contraindications to heart transplant candidacy. Mechanical circulatory support therapy using ventricular assist devices is becoming a more prominent therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure who are not candidates for transplantation, which also requires strict criteria to enable beneficial outcome for the patient. Physicians need to critically reflect that in many cases, the patient's best interest might not always mean pursuing maximal technological options available. This article reflects on the multitude of critical issues that health care providers have to face while caring for patients with end-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst R Schwarz
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Suite 6215, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Effect of Alteration in Pump Speed on Pump Output and Left Ventricular Filling with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device. ASAIO J 2011; 57:495-500. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e318233b112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Schwarz ER, Rosanio S. Religion and the Catholic church's view on (heart) transplantation: a recent statement of Pope Benedict XVI and its practical impact. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2011; 50:564-574. [PMID: 19784776 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-009-9284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heart transplantation is performed on approximately 4,000 patients per year worldwide and is considered the last resort for treatment of end-stage heart diseases. Due to persistent organ shortage, resources are limited, waiting periods are extensive, and patients still die while being on a waiting list for transplantation. The role of all churches and the support of the representatives of the churches are critical for the spiritual wellbeing of patients awaiting heart transplantation as well as for prospective individual organ donors and their families. The supportive role of the Roman Catholic Church and the recent statement of Pope Benedict XVI on organ donation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst R Schwarz
- Division of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Slaughter MS. Long-term continuous flow left ventricular assist device support and end-organ function: prospects for destination therapy. J Card Surg 2011; 25:490-4. [PMID: 20642766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2010.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulsatile flow left ventricular assist devices (PF-LVADs) have successfully supported patients with severe heart failure for bridge-to-transplant (BTT) and destination therapy (DT). End-organ dysfunction is often reversed, optimizing the patient's condition to enhance survival, and quality of life. Questions have been raised regarding the potential for continuous flow LVADs (CF-LVADs) to provide the same quality of circulatory support. Prior research showing that PF is superior to continuous, non-PF does not appear to be relevant with CF-LVADs for BTT and DT. Under most clinical conditions, arterial pulsatility is present during CF-LVAD support, and this type of support should not be termed "nonpulsatile." Clinical studies have shown that renal, hepatic, and neurocognitive function is either maintained within a normal range, or is significantly improved, during CF-LVAD support for durations up to 15 months. Results of the randomized clinical trial between the CF HeartMate II and the pulsatile HeartMate XVE (both by Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA, USA) are pending final US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and are not yet published. Studies of microcirculation during CF-LVAD support indicate that capillary blood flow is adequate to support cellular function. There are anecdotal cases of patients being supported with a CF-LVAD for over seven years with preserved end-organ function. Presently, there are no clinical reports indicating that end-organ function is not well maintained. Current clinical evidence indicates that end-organ perfusion and function can be well maintained for extended durations of support with a CF-LVAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Slaughter
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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Motomura T, Bruckner B, Leon-Becerril J, Ayala-Anayal J, de Rienzo-Madero B, Bismuth J, Bunge R, Irwin S, Loebe M. Superior Mesenteric Artery Mycotic Aneurysm in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Device Support and Intravenous Drug Abuse. Artif Organs 2011; 35:E164-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Garbade J, Bittner HB, Barten MJ, Mohr FW. Current trends in implantable left ventricular assist devices. Cardiol Res Pract 2011; 2011:290561. [PMID: 21822483 PMCID: PMC3099197 DOI: 10.4061/2011/290561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of appropriate donor organs and the expanding pool of patients waiting for heart transplantation have led to growing interest in alternative strategies, particularly in mechanical circulatory support. Improved results and the increased applicability and durability with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have enhanced this treatment option available for end-stage heart failure patients. Moreover, outcome with newer pumps have evolved to destination therapy for such patients. Currently, results using nonpulsatile continuous flow pumps document the evolution in outcomes following destination therapy achieved subsequent to the landmark Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure Trial (REMATCH), as well as the outcome of pulsatile designed second-generation LVADs. This review describes the currently available types of LVADs, their clinical use and outcomes, and focuses on the patient selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Garbade
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Struempellstraße 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
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Human immunodeficiency virus infection and left ventricular assist devices: a case series. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011; 30:1060-4. [PMID: 21515076 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, advanced heart failure therapies were considered inappropriate for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As HIV has become a chronic illness with the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), cardiac transplantation has been used for selected HIV patients with end-stage heart failure. We present a case series describing the clinical outcomes with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) use in 4 patients with HIV. Three of the patients are alive: 1 after a successful bridge to transplant and the other 2 on continued device support at 18 and 13 months after implantation. No infectious complications occurred in 3 patients, and no opportunistic infections occurred in the fourth patient. De novo allosensitization did not occur in our patients after LVAD implantation. With the ongoing donor shortage, implantation of an LVAD in advanced heart failure patients with HIV with controlled viremia on HAART represents a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Kozik
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Mitamura Y, Takahashi S, Amari S, Okamoto E, Murabayashi S, Nishimura I. A magnetic fluid seal for rotary blood pumps: effects of seal structure on long-term performance in liquid. J Artif Organs 2010; 14:23-30. [PMID: 21188443 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-010-0526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A magnetic fluid (MF) seal enables mechanical contact-free rotation of the shaft and hence has excellent durability. The performance of an MF seal, however, has been reported to decrease in liquids. We developed an MF seal that has a "shield" mechanism, and a new MF with a higher magnetization of 47.9 kA/m. The sealing performance of the MF seal installed in a rotary blood pump was studied. Three types of MF seals were used. Seal A was a conventional seal without a shield. Seal B had the same structure as that of Seal A, but the seal was installed at 1 mm below liquid level. Seal C was a seal with a shield and the MF was set at 1 mm below liquid level. Seal A failed after 6 and 11 days. Seal B showed better results (20 and 73 days). Seal C showed long-term durability (217 and 275 days). The reason for different results in different seal structures was considered to be different flow conditions near the magnetic fluid. Fluid dynamics near the MF in the pump were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. We have developed an MF seal with a shield that works in liquid for >275 days. The MF seal is promising as a shaft seal for rotary blood pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Human Science and Informatics, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Tokai University, Sapporo, 005-8601, Japan.
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29
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Wieselthaler GM, O′Driscoll G, Jansz P, Khaghani A, Strueber M. Initial clinical experience with a novel left ventricular assist device with a magnetically levitated rotor in a multi-institutional trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:1218-25. [PMID: 20646936 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Nguyen DQ, Thourani VH. Third-Generation Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/155698451000500402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Q. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Joseph B. Whitehead Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Vinod H. Thourani
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Joseph B. Whitehead Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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Early adverse events as predictors of 1-year mortality during mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:981-8. [PMID: 20580265 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide effective treatment for end-stage heart failure; however, most patients experience > or =1 major adverse events (AEs) while on VAD support. Although early, non-fatal AEs may increase the risk of later death during VAD support, this relationship has not been established. Therefore, we sought to determine the impact on 1-year mortality of AEs occurring during the first 60 days of VAD support. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed using prospectively collected data from a single-site database for patients aged > or =18 years receiving left ventricular or biventricular support during 1996 to 2008 and who survived >60 days on VAD support. Fourteen major classes of AEs occurring during this 60-day period were examined. One-year survival rates of patients with and without each major AE were compared. RESULTS The study included 163 patients (80% men; mean age, 49.5 years), of whom 87% were European American, 72% had left ventricular support, and 83% were bridge to transplant. The occurrence of renal failure, respiratory failure, bleeding events, and reoperations during the first 60 days after implantation significantly increased the risk of 1-year mortality. After controlling for gender, age, VAD type, and intention to treat, renal failure was the only major AE significantly associated with later mortality (hazard ratio, 2.96; p = .023). CONCLUSIONS Specific AEs, including renal failure, respiratory and bleeding events, and reoperations, significantly decrease longer-term survival. Renal failure conferred a 3-fold increased risk of 1-year mortality. Peri-operative management should focus on strategies to mitigate risk for renal failure in order to maximize later outcomes.
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Castillo JG, Anyanwu AC, Adams DH, Nyirenda T, Fischer GW. Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of current continuous-flow rotary left ventricular assist devices. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 23:702-10. [PMID: 19789057 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier G Castillo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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33
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Lund LH, Matthews J, Aaronson K. Patient selection for left ventricular assist devices. Eur J Heart Fail 2010; 12:434-43. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfq006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H. Lund
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Heart Failure; Karolinska University Hospital; N305 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jennifer Matthews
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Keith Aaronson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Mechanical ventricular assistance in heart failure: pathology of the cardiac apex removed during device implantation. Cardiovasc Pathol 2010; 19:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Revised: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Thoratec implantable ventricular assist device: The Papworth experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 139:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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The Year in Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:688-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Costs and reimbursement gaps after implementation of third-generation left ventricular assist devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010; 29:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Alba AC, Delgado DH. The future is here: ventricular assist devices for the failing heart. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 7:1067-77. [PMID: 19764860 DOI: 10.1586/erc.09.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical circulatory support is an important adjunct to the management of patients with advanced heart failure. Technological advances in this area have improved overall survival and decreased the incidence of complications. In addition, they have expanded the population suitable for this therapy. The challenge for clinicians is to translate the clinical evidence into the selection of the most appropriate device that will benefit an individual patient. This paper will review ventricular assist devices currently available and their clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alba
- Heart Failure and Transplantation, University Health Network, NCSB 11C-1201, 585 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
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39
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Spillner J, Kopp R, Finocchiaro T, Behbahani M, Rossaint R, Steinseifer U, Behr M, Autschbach R. [Assisted circulation: an overview from a clinical perspective]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009; 54:255-67. [PMID: 19807289 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2009.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A higher grade cardiac failure is associated with poor prognosis. In addition to medical conservative treatment and traditional cardiac surgery, in the past years different forms of an assisted circulation evolved. Short-term devices serve to bridge an acute life-threatening situation. The chosen system is dependent on the anticipated clinical course. It is possible to fall back on slightly assisting techniques up to a complete takeover of the cardiac pump function. In the case of severe cardiac failure, the question for transplantation has to be addressed because transplantation is the treatment of choice to date. For an assisted circulation in cases of chronic congestive failure, devices of different generations are available. First generation pulsatile systems are used for assistance of the left ventricle and results have been shown to be superior to medical therapy (REMATCH). With second generation continuous-flow systems, results regarding infections, thromboembolism and also quality of life appear to be further improved. Contact-free centrifugal pumps as third generation systems are in clinical evaluation. So-called "total artificial hearts" are successfully used for bridge-to-transplantation. Taken together, a graded safe treatment of cardiac failure is available today. In the near future, it could be possible to reach results similar to those of cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Spillner
- Klinik für Thorax-, Herz- und Gefässchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Genovese EA, Dew MA, Teuteberg JJ, Simon MA, Kay J, Siegenthaler MP, Bhama JK, Bermudez CA, Lockard KL, Winowich S, Kormos RL. Incidence and patterns of adverse event onset during the first 60 days after ventricular assist device implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88:1162-70. [PMID: 19766801 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide effective treatment for end-stage heart failure, VAD support remains associated with significant risk for adverse events (AEs). To date there has been no detailed assessment of the incidence of a full range of AEs using standardized event definitions. We sought to characterize the frequency and timing of AE onset during the first 60 days of VAD support, a period during which clinical observation suggests the risk of incident AEs is high. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed utilizing prospectively collected data from a single-site clinical database including 195 patients aged 18 or greater receiving VADs between 1996 and 2006. Adverse events were coded using standardized criteria. Cumulative incidence rates were determined, controlling for competing risks (death, transplantation, recovery-wean). RESULTS During the first 60 days after implantation, the most common AEs were bleeding, infection, and arrhythmias (cumulative incidence rates, 36% to 48%), followed by tamponade, respiratory events, reoperations, and neurologic events (24% to 31%). Other events (eg, hemolysis, renal, hepatic events) were less common (rates <15%). Some events (eg, bleeding, arrhythmias) showed steep onset rates early after implantation. Others (eg, infections, neurologic events) had gradual onsets during the 60-day period. Incidence of most events did not vary by implant era (1996 to 2000 vs 2001 to 2006) or by left ventricular versus biventricular support. CONCLUSIONS Understanding differential temporal patterns of AE onset will allow preventive strategies to be targeted to the time periods when specific AE risks are greatest. The AE incidence rates provide benchmarks against which future studies of VAD-related risks may be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Genovese
- Artificial Heart Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Fukamachi K, Horvath DJ, Massiello AL, Fumoto H, Horai T, Rao S, Golding LAR. An innovative, sensorless, pulsatile, continuous-flow total artificial heart: device design and initial in vitro study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 29:13-20. [PMID: 19782599 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are developing a very small, innovative, continuous-flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) that passively self-balances left and right pump flows and atrial pressures without sensors. This report details the CFTAH design concept and our initial in vitro data. METHODS System performance of the CFTAH was evaluated using a mock circulatory loop to determine the range of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (SVR and PVR) levels over which the design goal of a maximum absolute atrial pressure difference of 10 mm Hg is achieved for a steady-state flow condition. Pump speed was then modulated at 2,600 +/- 900 rpm to induce flow and arterial pressure pulsation to evaluate the effects of speed pulsations on the system performance. An automatic control mode was also evaluated. RESULTS Using only passive self-regulation, pump flows were balanced and absolute atrial pressure differences were maintained at <10 mm Hg over a range of SVR (750 to 2,750 dyne.sec.cm(-5)) and PVR (135 to 600 dyne.sec.cm(-5)) values far exceeding normal levels. The magnitude of induced speed pulsatility affected relative left/right performance, allowing for an additional active control to improve balanced flow and pressure. The automatic control mode adjusted pump speed to achieve targeted pump flows based on sensorless calculations of SVR and CFTAH flow. CONCLUSIONS The initial in vitro testing of the CFTAH with a single, valveless, continuous-flow pump demonstrated its passive self-regulation of flows and atrial pressures and a new automatic control mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fukamachi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Someya T, Kobayashi M, Waguri S, Ushiyama T, Nagaoka E, Hijikata W, Shinshi T, Arai H, Takatani S. Development of a Disposable Maglev Centrifugal Blood Pump Intended for One-Month Support in Bridge-to-Bridge Applications: In Vitro and Initial In Vivo Evaluation. Artif Organs 2009; 33:704-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Medical therapies for the management of cardiomyopathy and chronic congestive heart failure. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-009-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Oleyar M, Stone M, Neustein SM. Perioperative management of a patient with a nonpulsatile left ventricular-assist device presenting for noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009; 24:820-3. [PMID: 19695906 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oleyar
- The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Smedira NG. Man and machine: understanding the complex physiologic interactions to reduce complications. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 138:9-10. [PMID: 19577047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gjesdal O, Gude E, Arora S, Leivestad T, Andreassen AK, Gullestad L, Aaberge L, Brunvand H, Edvardsen T, Geiran OR, Simonsen S. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation as a bridge to heart transplantation does not impair long-term survival. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:709-14. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Gjesdal
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
- Faculty Division Rikshospitalet; University of Oslo; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Einar Gude
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Satish Arora
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
- Faculty Division Rikshospitalet; University of Oslo; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Lars Aaberge
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Harald Brunvand
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
- Faculty Division Rikshospitalet; University of Oslo; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Odd R. Geiran
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
- Faculty Division Rikshospitalet; University of Oslo; N-0027 Oslo Norway
| | - Svein Simonsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet; N-0027 Oslo Norway
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Osaki S, Edwards NM, Johnson MR, Velez M, Munoz A, Lozonschi L, Murray MA, Proebstle AK, Kohmoto T. Improved Survival After Heart Transplantation in Patients With Bridge to Transplant in the Recent Era: A 17-year Single-center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28:591-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Sandner SE, Zimpfer D, Zrunek P, Rajek A, Schima H, Dunkler D, Grimm M, Wolner E, Wieselthaler GM. Renal function and outcome after continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 87:1072-8. [PMID: 19324130 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction as a risk factor with the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) is controversial. We determined the effect of renal function on outcomes after continuous flow LVAD implantation. METHODS Eighty-six patients with advanced heart failure undergoing continuous flow LVAD implantation as bridge to transplantation from November 1998 to July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Renal function was assessed using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study-derived glomerular filtration rates (GFR [mL x min(-1) x 1.73 m(-2)]). Patients were categorized into two groups based on pre-LVAD GFR: those with normal renal function (GFR > 60, n = 46), and those with renal dysfunction (GFR < 60, n = 40). RESULTS Post-LVAD survival at 1, 3, and 6 months for GFR greater than 60 was 91.3%, 79.9%, 72.6%, respectively, and for GFR less than 60, it was 92.5%, 66.5%, 47.9%, respectively (p = 0.038). Bridge-to-transplant rate was lower for GFR less than 60 than for GFR greater than 60 (40.0% versus 63.0%, p = 0.033). For GFR less than 60, GFR improved on LVAD support: implant to month 6, 41.7 +/- 11.5 to 62.7 +/- 25.0 (p = 0.021). Post-LVAD survival was improved in GFR less than 60 patients who after LVAD implantation recovered renal function to GFR greater than 60 (p < 0.001). Patients with post-LVAD renal failure had significantly lower post-LVAD survival regardless of pre-LVAD renal function (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with renal dysfunction have poorer outcomes after continuous flow LVAD implantation. However, renal function improves after LVAD implantation and is associated with improved survival. Our data underscore the importance of end-organ function in patient selection for LVAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid E Sandner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Sandner SE, Zimpfer D, Zrunek P, Rajek A, Schima H, Dunkler D, Zuckermann AO, Wieselthaler GM. Age and Outcome After Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation as Bridge to Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28:367-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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