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Skoe E, Krizman J, Spitzer ER, Kraus N. Auditory Cortical Changes Precede Brainstem Changes During Rapid Implicit Learning: Evidence From Human EEG. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718230. [PMID: 34483831 PMCID: PMC8415395 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory system is sensitive to stimulus regularities such as frequently occurring sounds and sound combinations. Evidence of regularity detection can be seen in how neurons across the auditory network, from brainstem to cortex, respond to the statistical properties of the soundscape, and in the rapid learning of recurring patterns in their environment by children and adults. Although rapid auditory learning is presumed to involve functional changes to the auditory network, the chronology and directionality of changes are not well understood. To study the mechanisms by which this learning occurs, auditory brainstem and cortical activity was simultaneously recorded via electroencephalogram (EEG) while young adults listened to novel sound streams containing recurring patterns. Neurophysiological responses were compared between easier and harder learning conditions. Collectively, the behavioral and neurophysiological findings suggest that cortical and subcortical structures each provide distinct contributions to auditory pattern learning, but that cortical sensitivity to stimulus patterns likely precedes subcortical sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Skoe
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jennifer Krizman
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emily R Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Communication Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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D'Alessandro LM, Harrison RV. Changes to Neural Activation Patterns (c-fos Labeling) in Chinchilla Auditory Midbrain following Neonatal Exposure to an Enhanced Sound Environment. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:7160362. [PMID: 30123254 PMCID: PMC6079364 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory brain regions show neuroplastic changes following deficits or experimental augmentation of peripheral input during a neonatal period. We have previously shown reorganization of cortical tonotopic maps after neonatal cochlear lesions or exposure to an enhanced acoustic environment. Such experiments probe the cortex and show reorganization, but it is unclear if such changes are intrinsically cortical or reflect projections from modified subcortical regions. Here, we ask whether an enhanced neonatal acoustic environment can induce midbrain (inferior colliculus (IC)) changes. Neonatal chinchillas were chronically exposed to a 70 dB SPL narrowband (2 ± 0.25 kHz) sound stimulus for 4 weeks. In line with previous studies, we hypothesized that such exposure would induce widening of the 2 kHz tonotopic map region in IC. To probe c-fos expression in IC (central nucleus), sound-exposed and nonexposed animals were stimulated with a 2 kHz stimulus for 90 minutes. In sound-exposed subjects, we find no change in the width of the 2 kHz tonotopic region; thus, our hypothesis is not supported. However, we observed a significant increase in the number of c-fos-labeled neurons over a broad region of best frequencies. These data suggest that neonatal sound exposure can modify midbrain regions and thus change the way neurons in IC respond to sound stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G9
- The Auditory Science Laboratory, Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Robert V. Harrison
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 3G9
- The Auditory Science Laboratory, Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada M5G 1X8
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5G 2N2
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Acoustical Enrichment during Early Development Improves Response Reliability in the Adult Auditory Cortex of the Rat. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5903720. [PMID: 30002673 PMCID: PMC5998158 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5903720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that auditory experience during early development shapes response properties of auditory cortex (AC) neurons, influencing, for example, tonotopical arrangement, response thresholds and strength, or frequency selectivity. Here, we show that rearing rat pups in a complex acoustically enriched environment leads to an increased reliability of responses of AC neurons, affecting both the rate and the temporal codes. For a repetitive stimulus, the neurons exhibit a lower spike count variance, indicating a more stable rate coding. At the level of individual spikes, the discharge patterns of individual neurons show a higher degree of similarity across stimulus repetitions. Furthermore, the neurons follow more precisely the temporal course of the stimulus, as manifested by improved phase-locking to temporally modulated sounds. The changes are persistent and present up to adulthood. The results document that besides basic alterations of receptive fields presented in our previous study, the acoustic environment during the critical period of postnatal development also leads to a decreased stochasticity and a higher reproducibility of neuronal spiking patterns.
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The effect of noise exposure during the developmental period on the function of the auditory system. Hear Res 2017; 352:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Choi YK, Urnukhsaikhan E, Yoon HH, Seo YK, Cho H, Jeong JS, Kim SC, Park JK. Combined effect of pulsed electromagnetic field and sound wave on In vitro and In vivo neural differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:201-211. [PMID: 27790871 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical wave stimulus has been used as an effective tool to promote cellular maturation and differentiation in the construction of engineered tissue. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and sound waves have been selected as effective stimuli that can promote neural differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of PEMFs and sound waves on the neural differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In vitro, neural-related genes in hBM-MSCs were accelerated by the combined exposure to both waves more than by individual exposure to PEMFs or sound waves. The combined wave also up-regulated the expression of neural and synaptic-related proteins in a three-dimensional (3-D) culture system through the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase. In a mouse model of photochemically induced ischemia, exposure to the combined wave reduced the infarction volume and improved post-injury behavioral activity. These results indicate that a combined stimulus of biophysical waves, PEMFs and sound can enhance and possibly affect the differentiation of MSCs into neural cells. Our study is meaningful for highlighting the potential of combined wave for neurogenic effects and providing new therapeutic approaches for neural cell therapy. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:201-211, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyong Choi
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hee-Hoon Yoon
- Dongguk University Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Dongguk University Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seob Jeong
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Chan Kim
- Graduate School of Bio and Information Technology, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jung-Keug Park
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Connelly CJ, Ryugo DK, Muniak MA. The effect of progressive hearing loss on the morphology of endbulbs of Held and bushy cells. Hear Res 2016; 343:14-33. [PMID: 27473502 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies of congenital and early-onset deafness have demonstrated that an absence of peripheral sound-evoked activity in the auditory nerve causes pathological changes in central auditory structures. The aim of this study was to establish whether progressive acquired hearing loss could lead to similar brain changes that would degrade the precision of signal transmission. We used complementary physiologic hearing tests and microscopic techniques to study the combined effect of both magnitude and duration of hearing loss on one of the first auditory synapses in the brain, the endbulb of Held (EB), along with its bushy cell (BC) target in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. We compared two hearing mouse strains (CBA/Ca and heterozygous shaker-2+/-) against a model of early-onset progressive hearing loss (DBA/2) and a model of congenital deafness (homozygous shaker-2-/-), examining each strain at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. Furthermore, we employed a frequency model of the mouse cochlear nucleus to constrain our analyses to regions most likely to exhibit graded changes in hearing function with time. No significant differences in the gross morphology of EB or BC structure were observed in 1-month-old animals, indicating uninterrupted development. However, in animals with hearing loss, both EBs and BCs exhibited a graded reduction in size that paralleled the hearing loss, with the most severe pathology seen in deaf 6-month-old shaker-2-/- mice. Ultrastructural pathologies associated with hearing loss were less dramatic: minor changes were observed in terminal size but mitochondrial fraction and postsynaptic densities remained relatively stable. These results indicate that acquired progressive hearing loss can have consequences on auditory brain structure, with prolonged loss leading to greater pathologies. Our findings suggest a role for early intervention with assistive devices in order to mitigate long-term pathology and loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Connelly
- Hearing Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - David K Ryugo
- Hearing Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck & Skull Base Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael A Muniak
- Hearing Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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Lehmann A, Skoe E, Moreau P, Peretz I, Kraus N. Impairments in musical abilities reflected in the auditory brainstem: evidence from congenital amusia. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:1644-50. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lehmann
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS); Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM); Pavillon 1420 Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Montreal; Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Erika Skoe
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT USA
- Department of Psychology Affiliate; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT USA
- Cognitive Science Affiliate; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT USA
| | - Patricia Moreau
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS); Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM); Pavillon 1420 Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Montreal; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS); Center for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM); Pavillon 1420 Montreal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- Department of Psychology; University of Montreal; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Nina Kraus
- Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
- Department of Communication Sciences; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
- Department of Otolaryngology; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
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So EC, Lu HP, Hsing CH, Wu SN, Chang YK, Poon PWF. Evaluation of microvasculature at the auditory midbrain--the benefits of sectioning at a tangential angle. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 78:105-10. [PMID: 25349128 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling in the brain occurs as a plastic change following neural over-activity. The auditory midbrain (or inferior colliculus, IC) is an ideal place to study sound-induced vascular changes because it is the brain's most vascularized structure and it is tonotopically organized. However, its micro-vascular pattern remains poorly understood. Since the IC is a sphere-like structure, the histological assessment of vasculature could depend on the angle of sectioning. Here, we studied the effects of cutting the IC at different angles on microvascular assessment, specifically: micro-vascular density and the shape of microvascular lumen. Photomicrographs were taken from 5 µm toluidine blue-stained histological sections obtained at two angles of sectioning: (a) the conventional coronal sectioning, and (b) a novel "tangential" sectioning (tangential to the dorso-medial surface of the IC). Results showed that the tangential sections, in comparison with the coronal sections, yielded (a) a higher count of micro-vascular density and (b) a higher proportion of round-shaped micro-vascular lumens. This discrepancy in results between two cut angles is likely related to the spatial pattern of blood vessels supplying the IC. We propose that the tangential sectioning should be adopted as standard for the accurate study of microvasculature in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University- An Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesia, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesia, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Anesthesia, Nanshan branch of Qilu Hospital, Shangdong University, People's Republic of China
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