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Sekulic-Jablanovic M, Paproth J, Sgambato C, Albano G, Fuster DG, Bodmer D, Petkovic V. Lack of NHE6 and Inhibition of NKCC1 Associated With Increased Permeability in Blood Labyrinth Barrier-Derived Endothelial Cell Layer. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:862119. [PMID: 35496913 PMCID: PMC9039518 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.862119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic trauma, autoimmune inner ear disease, and presbycusis feature loss of the integrity of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). Normal BLB function depends on endothelial structural integrity, which is supported and maintained by tight junctions and adherens junctions within the microvascular endothelial layer. When these junctions are disrupted, vascular leakage occurs. Tight junctions and adherens junctions are functionally and structurally linked, but the exact signaling pathways underlying their interaction remain unknown. In addition, solute carriers (SC) are essential for optimal exchange through BLB. Previously, we found that SC family member, the sodium–hydrogen exchanger NHE6, was expressed in all wildtype cochlear tissues, and that Nhe6-knockout mice displayed moderate hearing loss. Moreover, NHE6 depletion affected Trk protein turnover and endosomal signaling. Here, we investigated whether NHE6 might impact BLB integrity. We found that Nhe6-knockout, BLB-derived endothelial cells showed reduced expression of major junctional genes: Tjp1, F11r, Ocln, Cdh5, and Cldn5. Co-culturing BLB-derived endothelial cells with pericytes and/or perivascular resident macrophage-like melanocytes in a transwell system showed that monolayers of Nhe6-knockout BLB-derived cells had lower electrical resistance and higher permeability, compared to wildtype endothelial monolayers. Additionally, another SC, NKCC1, which was previously linked to congenital deafness, was downregulated in our Nhe6-knockout mouse model. Blocking NKCC1 with a NKCC1-specific inhibitor, bumetanide, in wildtype BLB-derived endothelial cells also caused the downregulation of major junctional proteins, particularly Tjp1 and F11r, which encode the zonula occludens and junctional adhesion molecule-1 proteins, respectively. Moreover, bumetanide treatment increased cell permeability. In conclusion, we showed that the lack or inhibition of NHE6 or NKCC1 affected the permeability of endothelial BLB-derived cells. These findings suggested that NHE6 and NKCC1 could serve as potential targets for modifying BLB permeability to facilitate drug delivery across the BLB to the cochlea or to protect the cochlea from ototoxic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Sekulic-Jablanovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Marijana Sekulic-Jablanovic,
| | - Jessica Paproth
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Sgambato
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Albano
- Inselspital Bern, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G. Fuster
- Inselspital Bern, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bodmer
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vesna Petkovic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Yang T, Guo R, Zhang F. Brain perivascular macrophages: Recent advances and implications in health and diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1318-1328. [PMID: 31749316 PMCID: PMC7154594 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) belong to a distinct population of brain‐resident myeloid cells located within the perivascular space surrounding arterioles and venules. Their characterization depends on the combination of anatomical localization, phagocytic capacity, and molecular markers. Under physiological status, they provide structural and functional support for maintaining brain homeostasis, including facilitation of blood‐brain barrier integrity and lymphatic drainage, and exertion of immune functions such as phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Increasing evidence also implicates their specific roles in diseased brain, ranging from cerebrovascular diseases, Aβ pathologies, infections, and autoimmunity. Collectively, PVMs are key components of the brain‐resident immune system, actively participate in a broad‐spectrum of processes in normal and diseased status. Details of the processes are largely underexplored. Targeting PVMs would lead to new insights and be a promising strategy for a broad array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Mei X, Wu Z, Huang J, Sun Y, Shi W. Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes of human melanocytes in skin cells mixed culture. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2657-2667. [PMID: 31217845 PMCID: PMC6556658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to screen the key genes and possible signaling pathways involved in the differentiation and proliferation of human melanocytes (MCs) by in vitro culture of mixed skin cells. This will be helpful to further study the mechanisms and treatment strategies of pigment-related diseases such as vitiligo. METHODS Mixed skin cells were obtained by digesting and separating normal human foreskin tissues. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from sorting cells and high-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed at different culture time points. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by comparing the expression abundance of genes at different culture time points. Then the key genes and signaling pathways involved in the differentiation and proliferation of MCs were screened and verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test. RESULTS Twenty one DEGs were finally screened for further qPCR validation, mainly involved in 4 signaling pathways. The expressions of Wnt5A, Wnt5B, FZD2 and FZD3 in Wnt pathway were continuously up-regulated, and that of Wnt4 gene was continuously down-regulated, however, all the above hadn't been verified by qPCR. The expressions of COL5A2, COL6A3, ITGB1, ITGA4, ITGAV, AKT3, PIK3CD, PIK3R1 and PIK3R2 in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway were continuously up-regulated, of which PIK3CD, PIK3R2, COL5A2, ITGA4, ITGAV and AKT3 were verified by qPCR. PDGFB and GRB2 gene expressions were down-regulated in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathway, while PDGFRB was continuously up-regulated, of which PDGFB and PDGFRB were verified. The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR. CONCLUSION We suggested that Wnt5A gene in Wnt/β-catenin classical pathway, integrin combining with extracellular matrix through PI3K signaling pathway, retinoic acid catabolism-related genes could promote the differentiation and proliferation of MCs; however, PDGFB gene might have a negative regulatory effect on the growth of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200080, China
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Kim YY, Chao JR, Kim C, Kang TC, Park HS, Chang J, Suh JG, Lee JH. Applicability of vital staining and tissue clearing to vascular anatomy and melanocytes' evaluation of temporal bone in six laboratory species. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:296-305. [PMID: 30916435 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to define the applicability of tissue clearing to the field of otology. We combined tissue clearing with vital staining perfusion via a pumping system to examine the vascular anatomy of temporal bones in laboratory animals. We used six different types of species including Korean wild mouse, mouse, Mongolian gerbil, hamsters and Guinea pigs. A mixture of Alcian blue reagent and 4% paraformaldehyde was circulated throughout the entire circulatory system of the animal via a perfusion pump system. Transparency images were obtained from the temporal bones according to the protocol of the SunHyun 3D Imaging Kit. In examining the inner surface of the tympanic membrane, flaccid part (pars flaccida) was positioned along the entire marginal area in Guinea pig. In the Guinea pig, unlike the other species, the cortical bone of the mastoid (bullae) was easily removed using cold instruments, allowing a direct approach to the enclosed structures. The distribution and pattern of cochlea melanocytes were compared among the species. "Mobius strip"-like accumulated melanocytes in vestibules were shown in both the Korean wild mouse and mouse. The collateral blood supply to the cochlea in six different species was checked in various pattern. Combining dye infusion with tissue-clearing techniques, we documented the middle ear and transparent inner ear structures in six different species. The information and associated images will help other researchers to develop hypotheses and design experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Yeon Kim
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Janet Ren Chao
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hae Sang Park
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jiwon Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Gyo Suh
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Giurdanella G, Montalbano G, Gennuso F, Brancati S, Lo Furno D, Augello A, Bucolo C, Drago F, Salomone S. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of primary bovine cochlear pericytes: A new in vitro model of stria vascularis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1978-1986. [PMID: 30317595 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of strial pericytes has gained great interest as they are pivotal for the physiology of stria vascularis. To provide an easily accessible in vitro model, here we described a growth medium-based approach to obtain and cultivate primary bovine cochlear pericytes (BCP) from the stria vascularis of explanted bovine cochleae. We obtained high-quality pericytes in 8-10 days with a > 90% purity after the second passage. Immunocytochemical analysis showed a homogeneous population of cells expressing typical pericyte markers, such as neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ (PDGFRβ), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and negative for the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor. When challenged with tumor necrosis factor or lipopolysaccharide, BCP changed their shape, similarly to human retinal pericytes (HRPC). The sensitivity of BCP to ototoxic drugs was evaluated by challenging with cisplatin or gentamicin for 48 hr. Compared to human retinal endothelial cells and HRPC, cell viability of BCP was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) after the treatment with gentamicin or cisplatin. These data indicate that our protocol provides a simple and reliable method to obtain highly pure strial BCP. Furthermore, BCP are suitable to assess the safety profile of molecules which supposedly exert ototoxic activity, and may represent a valid alternative to in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Giurdanella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, University of Messina, Messina, Italia
| | - Florinda Gennuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Brancati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Augello
- ASP Catania Dipartimento di Prevenzione Veterinaria, Servizio Igiene degli Alimenti di Origine Animale (SIAOA), Catania, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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