1
|
Borrajo M, Sedano D, Palou A, Giménez-Esbrí V, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Maturation of type I and type II rat vestibular hair cells in vivo and in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1404894. [PMID: 38895157 PMCID: PMC11183282 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1404894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vestibular sensory epithelia contain type I and type II sensory hair cells (HCI and HCII). Recent studies have revealed molecular markers for the identification of these cells, but the precise composition of each vestibular epithelium (saccule, utricle, lateral crista, anterior crista, posterior crista) and their postnatal maturation have not been described in detail. Moreover, in vitro methods to study this maturation are not well developed. We obtained total HCI and HCII counts in adult rats and studied the maturation of the epithelia from birth (P0) to postnatal day 28 (P28). Adult vestibular epithelia hair cells were found to comprise ∼65% HCI expressing osteopontin and PMCA2, ∼30% HCII expressing calretinin, and ∼4% HCII expressing SOX2 but neither osteopontin nor calretinin. At birth, immature HCs express both osteopontin and calretinin. P28 epithelia showed an almost adult-like composition but still contained 1.3% of immature HCs. In addition, we obtained free-floating 3D cultures of the epithelia at P1, which formed a fluid-filled cyst, and studied their survival and maturation in vitro up to day 28 (28 DIV). These cultures showed good HC resiliency and maturation. Using an enriched medium for the initial 4 days, a HCI/calretinin+-HCII ratio close to the in vivo ratio was obtained. These cultures are suitable to study HC maturation and mature HCs in pharmacological, toxicological and molecular research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Borrajo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - David Sedano
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Víctor Giménez-Esbrí
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schenberg L, Palou A, Simon F, Bonnard T, Barton CE, Fricker D, Tagliabue M, Llorens J, Beraneck M. Multisensory gaze stabilization in response to subchronic alteration of vestibular type I hair cells. eLife 2023; 12:RP88819. [PMID: 38019267 PMCID: PMC10686621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional complementarity of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and optokinetic reflex (OKR) allows for optimal combined gaze stabilization responses (CGR) in light. While sensory substitution has been reported following complete vestibular loss, the capacity of the central vestibular system to compensate for partial peripheral vestibular loss remains to be determined. Here, we first demonstrate the efficacy of a 6-week subchronic ototoxic protocol in inducing transient and partial vestibular loss which equally affects the canal- and otolith-dependent VORs. Immunostaining of hair cells in the vestibular sensory epithelia revealed that organ-specific alteration of type I, but not type II, hair cells correlates with functional impairments. The decrease in VOR performance is paralleled with an increase in the gain of the OKR occurring in a specific range of frequencies where VOR normally dominates gaze stabilization, compatible with a sensory substitution process. Comparison of unimodal OKR or VOR versus bimodal CGR revealed that visuo-vestibular interactions remain reduced despite a significant recovery in the VOR. Modeling and sweep-based analysis revealed that the differential capacity to optimally combine OKR and VOR correlates with the reproducibility of the VOR responses. Overall, these results shed light on the multisensory reweighting occurring in pathologies with fluctuating peripheral vestibular malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Schenberg
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - François Simon
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance
| | - Tess Bonnard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Charles-Elliot Barton
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Desdemona Fricker
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Michele Tagliabue
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)l’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | - Mathieu Beraneck
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8002, INCC - Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition CenterParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Greguske EA, Maroto AF, Borrajo M, Palou A, Gut M, Esteve-Codina A, Barrallo-Gimeno A, Llorens J. Decreased expression of synaptic genes in the vestibular ganglion of rodents following subchronic ototoxic stress. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106134. [PMID: 37100209 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular ganglion contains primary sensory neurons that are postsynaptic to the transducing hair cells (HC) and project to the central nervous system. Understanding the response of these neurons to HC stress or loss is of great interest as their survival and functional competence will determine the functional outcome of any intervention aiming at repair or regeneration of the HCs. We have shown that subchronic exposure to the ototoxicant 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) in rats and mice causes a reversible detachment and synaptic uncoupling between the HCs and the ganglion neurons. Here, we used this paradigm to study the global changes in gene expression in vestibular ganglia using RNA-seq. Comparative gene ontology and pathway analyses of the data from both model species indicated a robust downregulation of terms related to synapses, including presynaptic and postsynaptic functions. Manual analyses of the most significantly downregulated transcripts identified genes with expressions related to neuronal activity, modulators of neuronal excitability, and transcription factors and receptors that promote neurite growth and differentiation. For choice selected genes, the mRNA expression results were replicated by qRT-PCR, validated spatially by RNA-scope, or were demonstrated to be associated with decreased expression of the corresponding protein. We conjectured that decreased synaptic input or trophic support on the ganglion neurons from the HC was triggering these expression changes. To support this hypothesis, we demonstrated decreased expression of BDNF mRNA in the vestibular epithelium after subchronic ototoxicity and also downregulated expression of similarly identified genes (e.g Etv5, Camk1g, Slc17a6, Nptx2, Spp1) after HC ablation with another ototoxic compound, allylnitrile. We conclude that vestibular ganglion neurons respond to decreased input from HCs by decreasing the strength of all their synaptic contacts, both as postsynaptic and presynaptic players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Greguske
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alberto F Maroto
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Mireia Borrajo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Aïda Palou
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Barrallo-Gimeno
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Jordi Llorens
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociènces, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|