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Barberena I, Luquin E, Campo-Bescós MÁ, Eslava J, Giménez R, Casalí J. Challenges and progresses in the detailed estimation of sediment export in agricultural watersheds in Navarra (Spain) after two decades of experience. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116581. [PMID: 37423364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion is a very serious environmental problem worldwide, with agriculture considered the main source of sediment in inland waters. In order to determine the extent and importance of soil erosion in the Spanish region of Navarra, in 1995 the Government of Navarra established the Network of Experimental Agricultural Watersheds (NEAWGN), which consists of five small watersheds representative of local conditions. In each watershed, key hydrometeorological variables, including turbidity, were recorded every 10 min, and daily samples were taken to determine suspended sediment concentration. In 2006, the frequency of suspended sediment sampling was increased during hydrologically relevant events. The main objective of this study is to explore the possibility of obtaining long and accurate time series of suspended sediment concentration in the NEAWGN. To this end, simple linear regressions between sediment concentration and turbidity are proposed. In addition, supervised learning models incorporating a larger number of predictive variables are used for the same purpose. A series of indicators are proposed to objectively characterize the intensity and timing of sampling. It was not possible to obtain a satisfactory model for estimating the concentration of suspended sediment. This would be mainly due to the large temporal variability found of the physical and mineralogical characteristics of the sediment, which would be affecting the turbidity value, independently of the sediment concentration, per se. This fact would be particularly important in small river watersheds such as those of this study, and especially if their physical conditions are spatially and temporally radically disturbed by agricultural tillage and by a constant modification of the vegetation cover, as is the case in cereal basins. Our findings suggest that better results could be obtained by including in the analysis variables such as soil texture and exported sediment texture, rainfall erosivity, and the state of vegetation cover and riparian vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Barberena
- Dep. of Engineering, IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Luquin
- Dep. of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, United States
| | - Miguel Ángel Campo-Bescós
- Dep. of Engineering, IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Eslava
- Division of Soils and Climatology, Department of Rural Development and Environment, Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Giménez
- Dep. of Engineering, IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Casalí
- Dep. of Engineering, IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
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Matthews F, Verstraeten G, Borrelli P, Vanmaercke M, Poesen J, Steegen A, Degré A, Rodríguez BC, Bielders C, Franke C, Alary C, Zumr D, Patault E, Nadal-Romero E, Smolska E, Licciardello F, Swerts G, Thodsen H, Casalí J, Eslava J, Richet JB, Ouvry JF, Farguell J, Święchowicz J, Nunes JP, Pak LT, Liakos L, Campo-Bescós MA, Żelazny M, Delaporte M, Pineux N, Henin N, Bezak N, Lana-Renault N, Tzoraki O, Giménez R, Li T, Zuazo VHD, Bagarello V, Pampalone V, Ferro V, Úbeda X, Panagos P. EUSEDcollab: a network of data from European catchments to monitor net soil erosion by water. Sci Data 2023; 10:515. [PMID: 37542067 PMCID: PMC10403541 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a network of researchers we release an open-access database (EUSEDcollab) of water discharge and suspended sediment yield time series records collected in small to medium sized catchments in Europe. EUSEDcollab is compiled to overcome the scarcity of open-access data at relevant spatial scales for studies on runoff, soil loss by water erosion and sediment delivery. Multi-source measurement data from numerous researchers and institutions were harmonised into a common time series and metadata structure. Data reuse is facilitated through accompanying metadata descriptors providing background technical information for each monitoring station setup. Across ten European countries, EUSEDcollab covers over 1600 catchment years of data from 245 catchments at event (11 catchments), daily (22 catchments) and monthly (212 catchments) temporal resolution, and is unique in its focus on small to medium catchment drainage areas (median = 43 km2, min = 0.04 km2, max = 817 km2) with applicability for soil erosion research. We release this database with the aim of uniting people, knowledge and data through the European Union Soil Observatory (EUSO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Matthews
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, VA, 21026, Italy
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2409, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Verstraeten
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2409, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pasquale Borrelli
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, 146, Roma, Italy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vanmaercke
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2409, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean Poesen
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2409, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), Kra´snicka Av. 2d, Lublin, 20-718, Poland
| | - An Steegen
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - box 2409, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurore Degré
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Uliège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Belén Cárceles Rodríguez
- Natural Resources and Forestry, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA), Camino de Purchil s/n, Granada, 18005, Spain
| | - Charles Bielders
- Earth and Life Institute - environmental sciences, UCLouvain, Croix du sud 2, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Christine Franke
- Centre of Geosciences and Geoengineering, Mines Paris-PSL, 35 Rue Saint Honoré, Fontainebleau, 77305, France
| | - Claire Alary
- LGCgE, IMT Nord-Europe, 942 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai, 59508, France
| | - David Zumr
- Department of Landscape Water Conservation, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, Praha 6, Prague, 16629, Czech Republic
| | - Edouard Patault
- Altereo, Innovation and Digital division, 2 Av. Madeleine Bonnaud, Venelles, 13770, France
| | - Estela Nadal-Romero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Ewa Smolska
- Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 30, 00-927, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Feliciana Licciardello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Gilles Swerts
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Uliège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Hans Thodsen
- Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Javier Casalí
- Department of Engineering; IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Campus de Arrosadia, Cataluña avenue, Pamplona, Navarra, 31006, Spain
| | - Javier Eslava
- Division of Soils and Climatology, Department of Rural Development and Environment, Government of Navarre, González Tablas Street, 9, Pamplona, Navarra, 31003, Spain
| | | | | | - Joaquim Farguell
- Geography, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, Barcelona, 8001, Spain
| | - Jolanta Święchowicz
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 7 Gronostajowa Str., Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, Netherlands
- cE3c - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C2, Piso 5, Sala 2.5.46, Campo Grande, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Lai Ting Pak
- AREAS, 2 Avenue Foch, 76460, Saint-Valery-en-Caux, France
| | - Leonidas Liakos
- UNISYSTEMS, Rue du Puits Romain 29, Bertrange, L-8070, Luxembourg
| | - Miguel A Campo-Bescós
- Department of Engineering; IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Campus de Arrosadia, Cataluña avenue, Pamplona, Navarra, 31006, Spain
| | - Mirosław Żelazny
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 7 Gronostajowa Str., Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Morgan Delaporte
- LGCgE, IMT Nord-Europe, 942 rue Charles Bourseul, Douai, 59508, France
| | - Nathalie Pineux
- UNISYSTEMS, Rue du Puits Romain 29, Bertrange, L-8070, Luxembourg
| | - Nathan Henin
- Earth and Life Institute - environmental sciences, UCLouvain, Croix du sud 2, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Nejc Bezak
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Noemí Lana-Renault
- Ciencias Humanas, University of La Rioja, Luis de Ulloa 2, 26004, La Rioja, Spain
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ourania Tzoraki
- Marine Sciences Department, University of the Aegean, University hill, Mytilene, 81100, Greece
| | - Rafael Giménez
- Department of Engineering; IS-FOOD Institute (Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Public University of Navarre, Campus de Arrosadia, Cataluña avenue, Pamplona, Navarra, 31006, Spain
| | - Tailin Li
- Department of Landscape Water Conservation, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, Praha 6, Prague, 16629, Czech Republic
| | - Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo
- Natural Resources and Forestry, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA), Camino de Purchil s/n, Granada, 18005, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Bagarello
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pampalone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Vito Ferro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 4, Palermo, 90128, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Xavier Úbeda
- Geography, University of Barcelona, Montalegre 6, Barcelona, 8001, Spain
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, Ispra, VA, 21026, Italy.
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