1
|
Khan S, Adeyemi I, Moustakas K, Janajreh I. Investigating the characteristics of biomass wastes via particle feeder in downdraft gasifier. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118597. [PMID: 38462091 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Particle feeding plays a crucial role in the gasifier due to its effects on the efficiency and performance metrics of the thermochemical process. Investigating particle size distribution's impact on downdraft gasification reactor performance, this study delves into the significance of feedstock characteristics (moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash contents) during the particle feeding stage. Various biomass wastes (date palm waste, olive pomace and sewage sludge) at diverse compositions and sizes are subjected to empirical determination of mass flow rates (MFR), power ratings, and storage times for each feedstock. The preheating process in the gasifier is considered, employing both an approximation and analytical solution. In addition, the influence of the equivalence ratio (ER) on the syngas yield is analyzed. The collected data reveals that for average particle size of 200 μm, the highest MFR (in g/min) are 0.518 ± 0.033, 7.691 ± 0.415, and 16.111 ± 1.050, for palm wood biomass, olive pomace and sewage sludge, respectively. Smaller particles (80 μm) led to extended storage times. Moreover, the lumped capacitance approximation method consistently underestimates preheating time, with a percentage error of 6.26%-17.08%. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization analysis provides optimal gasification conditions for palm wood biomass, olive pomace, and sewage sludge with maximum cold gas efficiencies (CGEs) of 58.01%, 63.29%, and 52.27%. The peak conversion was attained at gasification temperatures of 1089.83 °C, 1151.93 °C, and 1102.91 °C for palm wood biomass, olive pomace, and sewage sludge, respectively. In addition, gasification equilibrium model determined optimal gasification temperatures as 1150 °C for palm biomass, 1200 °C for olive pomace, and 1150 °C for sewage sludge with respective syngas efficiencies of 59.62%, 64.13%, and 53.66%. Consequently, the examination of the dosing procedure, preheating dynamics, particle dimensions, ER, storage time, and their combined impacts offer practical insights to effectively control downdraft gasifiers in handling a variety of feedstocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Idowu Adeyemi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Isam Janajreh
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Razavi Dehkordi MH, Alizadeh A, Zekri H, Rasti E, Kholoud MJ, Abdollahi A, Azimy H. Experimental study of thermal conductivity coefficient of GNSs-WO3/LP107160 hybrid nanofluid and development of a practical ANN modeling for estimating thermal conductivity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17539. [PMID: 37416665 PMCID: PMC10320273 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of nanoparticles, mass fraction percentage and temperature on the conductive heat transfer coefficient of Graphene nanosheets- Tungsten oxide/Liquid paraffin 107160 hybrid nanofluid was investigated. For this purpose, four different mass fractions were used in the range of 0.005%-5% in a number of examinations. The results illustrated that the thermal conductivity coefficient was increased with the increment of the mass fraction percentage and the temperature of Graphene nanosheets- Tungsten oxide nanomaterials in the base fluid. Then, a feed-forward artificial neural network was used to model the thermal conductivity coefficient. In general, with the increase in temperature and concentration of nanofluid, the value of thermal conductivity increases. The optimum value of thermal conductivity for this experiment was observed in the volume fraction of 5% and at the temperature of 70 °C. The results of this modeling indicated that the fault of the data estimated for the coefficient of thermal conductivity in the Graphene nanosheets- Tungsten oxide/Liquid paraffin 107160 nanofluid, as a function of mass fraction percentage and temperature, was less than 3%, as compared to the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - As’ad Alizadeh
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hussein Zekri
- College of Engineering, The American University of Kurdistan, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Zakho, Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ehsan Rasti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kholoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Ali Abdollahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Azimy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kurtyka M, Szwaja M, Piotrowski A, Tora B, Szwaja S. Thermal and Stress Properties of Briquettes from Virginia Mallow Energetic Crops. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8458. [PMID: 36499954 PMCID: PMC9739098 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses the influence of briquetting/compaction parameters. This includes the effects of pressure and temperature on material density and the thermal conductivity of biomass compacted into briquette samples. Plant biomass mainly consists of lignin and cellulose which breaks down into simple polymers at the elevated temperature of 200 °C. Hence, the compaction pressure, compaction temperature, density, and thermal conductivity of the tested material play crucial roles in the briquetting and the torrefaction process to transform it into charcoal with a high carbon content. The tests were realized for samples of raw biomass compacted under pressure in the range from 100 to 1000 bar and at two temperatures of 20 and 200 °C. The pressure of 200 bar was concluded as the most economically viable in briquetting technology in the tests conducted. The conducted research shows a relatively good log relationship between the density of the compacted briquette and the compaction pressure. Additionally, higher compaction pressure resulted in higher destructive force of the compacted material, which may affect the lower abrasion of the material. Regarding heat transfer throughout the sample, the average thermal conductivity for the compacted biomass was determined at a value of 0.048 ± 0.001 W/(K∙m). Finally, the described methodology for thermal conductivity determination has been found to be a reliable tool, therefore it can be proposed for other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kurtyka
- Termo-Klima MK, Tartaczna 12, 40-749 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szwaja
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Andrzej Piotrowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Barbara Tora
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management, AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Szwaja
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duceac IA, Stanciu MC, Nechifor M, Tanasă F, Teacă CA. Insights on Some Polysaccharide Gel Type Materials and Their Structural Peculiarities. Gels 2022; 8:771. [PMID: 36547295 PMCID: PMC9778405 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global resources have to be used in responsible ways to ensure the world's future need for advanced materials. Ecologically friendly functional materials based on biopolymers can be successfully obtained from renewable resources, and the most prominent example is cellulose, the well-known most abundant polysaccharide which is usually isolated from highly available biomass (wood and wooden waste, annual plants, cotton, etc.). Many other polysaccharides originating from various natural resources (plants, insects, algae, bacteria) proved to be valuable and versatile starting biopolymers for a wide array of materials with tunable properties, able to respond to different societal demands. Polysaccharides properties vary depending on various factors (origin, harvesting, storage and transportation, strategy of further modification), but they can be processed into materials with high added value, as in the case of gels. Modern approaches have been employed to prepare (e.g., the use of ionic liquids as "green solvents") and characterize (NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, X ray diffraction spectrometry, DSC, electronic and atomic force microscopy, optical rotation, circular dichroism, rheological investigations, computer modelling and optimization) polysaccharide gels. In the present paper, some of the most widely used polysaccharide gels will be briefly reviewed with emphasis on their structural peculiarities under various conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Alexandra Duceac
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Magdalena-Cristina Stanciu
- Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marioara Nechifor
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Fulga Tanasă
- Polyaddition and Photochemistry Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen-Alice Teacă
- Center for Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica-Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Kudo M, Daicho K, Harish S, Xu B, Shao C, Lee Y, Liao Y, Matsushima N, Kodama T, Lundell F, Söderberg LD, Saito T, Shiomi J. Enhanced High Thermal Conductivity Cellulose Filaments via Hydrodynamic Focusing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8406-8412. [PMID: 36283691 PMCID: PMC9650782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose is regarded as a green and renewable nanomaterial that has attracted increased attention. In this study, we demonstrate that nanocellulose materials can exhibit high thermal conductivity when their nanofibrils are highly aligned and bonded in the form of filaments. The thermal conductivity of individual filaments, consisting of highly aligned cellulose nanofibrils, fabricated by the flow-focusing method is measured in dried condition using a T-type measurement technique. The maximum thermal conductivity of the nanocellulose filaments obtained is 14.5 W/m-K, which is approximately five times higher than those of cellulose nanopaper and cellulose nanocrystals. Structural investigations suggest that the crystallinity of the filament remarkably influence their thermal conductivity. Smaller diameter filaments with higher crystallinity, that is, more internanofibril hydrogen bonds and less intrananofibril disorder, tend to have higher thermal conductivity. Temperature-dependence measurements also reveal that the filaments exhibit phonon transport at effective dimension between 2D and 3D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guantong Wang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Kudo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- Mechanical
Systems Engineering Program, Tokyo Metropolitan
College of Industrial Technology, 1-10-40, Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku,
Tokyo140-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuho Daicho
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
| | - Sivasankaran Harish
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Bin Xu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Cheng Shao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yaerim Lee
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuxuan Liao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsushima
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kodama
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Fredrik Lundell
- Linné
FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, StockholmSE−100 44, Sweden
| | - L. Daniel Söderberg
- Linné
FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, StockholmSE−100 44, Sweden
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department
of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8657, Japan
| | - Junichiro Shiomi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- Institute
of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-11, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdul Khalil HPS, Yahya EB, Tajarudin HA, Balakrishnan V, Nasution H. Insights into the Role of Biopolymer-Based Xerogels in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2022; 8:334. [PMID: 35735678 PMCID: PMC9222565 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerogels are advanced, functional, porous materials consisting of ambient, dried, cross-linked polymeric networks. They possess characteristics such as high porosity, great surface area, and an affordable preparation route; they can be prepared from several organic and inorganic precursors for numerous applications. Owing to their desired properties, these materials were found to be suitable for several medical and biomedical applications; the high drug-loading capacity of xerogels and their ability to maintain sustained drug release make them highly desirable for drug delivery applications. As biopolymers and chemical-free materials, they have been also utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their high biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-cytotoxicity. Biopolymers have the ability to interact, cross-link, and/or trap several active agents, such as antibiotic or natural antimicrobial substances, which is useful in wound dressing and healing applications, and they can also be used to trap antibodies, enzymes, and cells for biosensing and monitoring applications. This review presents, for the first time, an introduction to biopolymeric xerogels, their fabrication approach, and their properties. We present the biological properties that make these materials suitable for many biomedical applications and discuss the most recent works regarding their applications, including drug delivery, wound healing and dressing, tissue scaffolding, and biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (H.A.T.)
- Cluster of Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (H.A.T.)
- Cluster of Green Biopolymer, Coatings and Packaging, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Husnul Azan Tajarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (E.B.Y.); (H.A.T.)
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Halimatuddahliana Nasution
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| |
Collapse
|