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Ryntathiang I, Behera A, Richard T, Dharmalingam Jothinathan MK. An Assessment of the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cobalt Nanoparticles Synthesized From Millettia pinnata, Butea monosperma, and Madhuca indica Extracts: A Comparative Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e59112. [PMID: 38803791 PMCID: PMC11128724 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to synthesize cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) via the green synthesis method using Millettia pinnata (M. pinnata), leaf (MPL), Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) flower (BMF), and Madhuca indica (M. indica) flower (MIF) as eco-friendly reducing agents. It further aimed to compare the effectiveness of these plant extracts in CoNPs production and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs), establishing a link between the phytochemical constituents of the extracts and the antioxidant capacity of CoNPs for potential applications in drug development and environmental sustainability. Materials and methods CoNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of MPL, BMF, and MIF. These extracts act as stabilizing and self-reducing agents. Initially, the presence of CoNPs was detected visually by observing a color change. To confirm this observation, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed. UV-visible spectroscopy helps in analyzing the absorption of light by the CoNPs, while FTIR spectroscopy is used to identify the functional groups present in the NPs. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of the synthesized CoNPs was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. This assay measures the ability of antioxidants to neutralize free radicals by determining the reduction in the DPPH radical's absorption. To ensure the reliability of the results, the experiments were conducted in triplicate. Statistical analysis was then performed to compare the antioxidant effectiveness of the different plant extracts used in synthesizing the CoNPs. This analysis helps in determining any significant differences in antioxidant activity among the extracts. Results UV-visible spectral analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CoNPs, revealing characteristic absorption peaks. For M. pinnata leaf extract (MPLE), the maximum peak was observed at ~272 nm, while B. monosperma flower extract (BMFE) exhibited a peak at ~276 nm, and M. indica flower extract (MIFE) revealed a maximum peak at ~320 nm. FTIR analysis further validated the presence of organic molecules from plant components on the outer layer of CoNPs, indicating successful capping and stabilization by phytochemicals from the extracts. The spectra displayed various peaks at different wavenumbers: MPLE showed prominent peaks at 3335 cm-1, BMFE showed distinct peaks at 3314 cm-1, and MIFE exhibited significant peaks at 3261 cm-1. Among the three types of CoNPs tested, those synthesized using MIFE exhibited the highest inhibition of 87.67% at a concentration of 60 µL. This higher inhibition was compared to those synthesized using BMFE and MPLE. This study suggests that the CoNPs synthesized on MIFE can serve as an antioxidant agent because of their remarkable free radical-scavenging activity. Conclusions The study highlights the potential of CoNPs synthesized using MIFE as they exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to those synthesized with BMFE and MPLE. Therefore, the study underscores the promise of MIFE as a valuable natural resource for producing CoNPs abundant in antioxidants. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of implementing environmentally friendly synthesis techniques to produce nanomaterials that are both safe for the environment and biologically effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iadalin Ryntathiang
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Archana Behera
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
| | - Titus Richard
- Department of English, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, IND
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Barrera-Vázquez OS, Escobar-Ramírez JL, Santiago-Mejía J, Carrasco-Ortega OF, Magos-Guerrero GA. Discovering Potential Compounds for Venous Disease Treatment through Virtual Screening and Network Pharmacology Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:7937. [PMID: 38138427 PMCID: PMC10745828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral venous hypertension has emerged as a prominent characteristic of venous disease (VD). This disease causes lower limb edema due to impaired blood transport in the veins. The phlebotonic drugs in use showed moderate evidence for reducing edema slightly in the lower legs and little or no difference in the quality of life. To enhance the probability of favorable experimental results, a virtual screening procedure was employed to identify molecules with potential therapeutic activity in VD. Compounds obtained from multiple databases, namely AC Discovery, NuBBE, BIOFACQUIM, and InflamNat, were compared with reference compounds. The examination of structural similarity, targets, and signaling pathways in venous diseases allows for the identification of compounds with potential usefulness in VD. The computational tools employed were rcdk and chemminer from R-Studio and Cytoscape. An extended fingerprint analysis allowed us to obtain 1846 from 41,655 compounds compiled. Only 229 compounds showed pharmacological targets in the PubChem server, of which 84 molecules interacted with the VD network. Because of their descriptors and multi-target capacity, only 18 molecules of 84 were identified as potential candidates for experimental evaluation. We opted to evaluate the berberine compound because of its affordability, and extensive literature support. The experiment showed the proposed activity in an acute venous hypertension model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gil Alfonso Magos-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University National Autonomous of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (O.S.B.-V.); (J.L.E.-R.); (J.S.-M.); (O.F.C.-O.)
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Sayed DF, Mohamed MA, Nada AS, Temraz A, Ahmed AH. Hepatoprotective role of myricitrin isolated from Mimusops elengi Linn. leaves extract on γ-radiation-induced liver damage in rats: Phyto-biochemical investigations. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:642-657. [PMID: 37342005 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mimusops elengi Linn. (M. elengi L.) leaves and isolated pure myricitrin (3-, 4-, 5-, 5, 7-five hydroxyflavone-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside) (Myr) were evaluated in male rats exposed to γ-irradiation. The extraction of M. elengi L. leaves was performed using ethyl acetate (EtOAC). Seven groups of rats were used: control group, irradiated (IRR) group (6 Gy of γ-rays in a single dose), vehicle group (oral administration of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose for 10 days), EtOAC extract group (100 mg/kg body weight of extract, orally for 10 days), EtOAC + IRR group (administration of extract and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7), Myr group (50 mg/kg body weight Myr, orally for 10 days), and Myr + IRR group (administration of Myr and exposure to γ-rays on Day 7). High-performance liquid chromatography and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance were used to isolate and characterize the compounds from M. elengi L. leaves. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for biochemical analyses. Identified compounds were Myr, myricetin 3-O-galactoside, myricetin 3-O-rahmnopyranoside (1 → 6) glucopyranoside, quercetin, quercitol, gallic acid, α-,β-amyrin, ursolic acid, and lupeol. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities were significantly increased, while serum protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased after irradiation. Hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, prostaglandin 2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12 were increased following irradiation. Improvements were observed in most serological parameters after treatment with extract or pure Myr, with histological analyses confirming decreased liver injury in treated rats. Our study demonstrates that pure Myr has a greater hepatoprotective effect than M. elengi leaf extracts against irradiation-induced hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina F Sayed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Nada
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal H Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
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Roat P, Hada S, Chechani B, Yadav DK, Kumar S, Kumari N. Madhuca indica: A Review on the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Aspects. Pharm Chem J 2023; 57:284-295. [PMID: 37313437 PMCID: PMC10170450 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-023-02878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. (family: Sapotaceae), commonly known as Mahua in Indian dialects, occupies the importance as one of the fuel-efficient, energy-saving plant species. Extensive studies showed that the presence of phytochemicals e.g., carbohydrates, fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids and glycosidic compounds in the extract of this species. Pharmacologically, it has been used against various disorders in indigenous system of medicine, inckuding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic and wound healing activities. This review highlights various pharmacological activities, phytochemistry and importance of M. indica plant for medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Roat
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Sonal Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Bhawna Chechani
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Neetu Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001 India
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Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
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Rajendran P, Maheshwari U, Muthukrishnan A, Muthuswamy R, Anand K, Ravindran B, Dhanaraj P, Balamuralikrishnan B, Chang SW, Chung WJ. Myricetin: versatile plant based flavonoid for cancer treatment by inducing cell cycle arrest and ROS-reliant mitochondria-facilitated apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells and in silico prediction. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:57-68. [PMID: 32851589 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is categorized under the secondary metabolite flavonoid which includes a diverse range of consumable plant parts, and it has a potential against several classes of cancer including cancers and tumors. In the present study, the anticancer potential of the unique flavonoid-myricetin in A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. Among different doses of myricetin, 73 μg/ml was more effective to prevent the cancer cell growth. It also promoted sub-G1 phase aggregation of cells and a equivalent decrease in the fraction of cells entering the S and subsequent phase which indicates apoptotic cell death. Myricetin generated enormous free radicals and, altered the potential of mitochondrial membrane in A549 cells as paralleled to untreated cells. In addition, myricetin treatment intensified the expression of P53 and relegated the expression of EGFR in A549 cells. These results suggested that myricetin exhibits cytotoxic potential by arresting the progression of cell cycle and ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated mortality in cancer A549 lung cancer cells and it would be useful to develop as a drug candidate for lung cancer therapeutics. In silico experiments were carried out against human EGFR and P53 tumor suppressor protein to gain more insights into the binding mode of the myricetin may act as significant potential for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Uma Maheshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Razia Muthuswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | | | - Premnath Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | | | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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