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Barreira J, Araújo DF, Knoery J, Briant N, Machado W, Grouhel-Pellouin A. The French Mussel Watch Program reveals the attenuation of coastal lead contamination over four decades. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115975. [PMID: 38160604 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The mid-20th century industrial peak caused severe global lead (Pb) marine contamination. Although Europe initiated Pb emission reduction regulations in the 1980s, the short- and long-term impacts remain unclear. This study investigates the evolution of Pb contamination on the French coast through elemental and isotope analysis in oysters and mussels from the French "Mussel Watch" Program. Observations at 114 monitoring stations over four decades have shown decreasing Pb levels in these bivalve mollusks. In 1988, 95 % exceeded the background reference values; this level had dropped to 39 % by 2021. The Pb isotope ratios in bivalves from eight target sites revealed a reduction in bioaccumulated anthropogenic Pb, albeit without complete elimination. The long residence time of legacy Pb combined with inputs from diffuse urban sources likely explains the persistent presence of anthropogenic Pb on the French coast. This study endorses the importance of continuous biomonitoring to evaluate environmental regulations and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Barreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM - Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France.
| | - Joël Knoery
- Ifremer, CCEM - Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, CCEM - Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Wilson Machado
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Geoquímica, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anne Grouhel-Pellouin
- Ifremer, CCEM - Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000 Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France
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2
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Yang J, Guo Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. A metallothionein gene from hard clam Meretrix meretrix: Sequence features, expression patterns, and metal tolerance activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105057. [PMID: 37708948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low-molecular weight cytoplasmic heavy metal binding proteins. MTs can regulate the concentration of essential or non-essential metals in organisms, and have many important biological functions, including detoxification, trace element metabolism, and anti-oxidation. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a metallothionein gene (designated as MmMT) from the hard clam Meretrix meretrix. The complete cDNA sequence of MmMT contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 629 bp, which encoded a protein of 76 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 7.66 kDa and a calculated theoretical isoelectric point of 7.24. MmMT is highly similar to previously identified MTs from other species, with typical metallothionein features such as a high cysteine residue content and the absence of histidine and aromatic residues. The mRNA transcripts of MmMT were prevalent in all the tested tissues, and the expression levels of MmMT were highest in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes. During the stimulation of Vibrio splendidus, the mRNA transcripts of MmMT in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly increased. The Escherichia coli overexpressing MmMT performed strong growth in the media supplemented with CdCl2 and CuSO4 compared to the control strains. These results provide useful information for further investigation of the functions of MmMT in metal detoxification and the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Ying Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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3
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Subasinghe MM, Jinadasa BKKK, Navarathne AN, Jayakody S. Potential health risk assessment of selected metal concentrations of Indian backwater oyster, (Crassostrea madrasensis) in Sri Lanka. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115656. [PMID: 37864864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the health risks of selected metals in cultured and wild Crassostrea madrasensis in Sri Lanka over 13 months. Metal concentrations varied monthly, and Zn and Cu concentrations significantly varied between cultured and wild oysters. The mean metal concentrations (mg kg-1) were accumulated in order of Zn (1220.60) > Mg (496.97) > Fe (356.30) > Cu (114.95) > Pb (23.20) > Cd (6.15) > As (3.09) > Hg (0.12). The metal concentrations were well below the standard guidelines given by international standards except for Pb, Cd, As and Zn. The weekly intakes of Hg, Cu, Fe, and Zn from C.madrasensis were below the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake while Cd exceeded the established limit. The calculated non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices for Hg, As, Pb and Zn were within safe levels and the values for Cd exceeded the limit revealing carcinogenic results with long-term consumption. Hence, creating proper awareness and a suitable depuration system ensures human health and supports export-oriented markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Subasinghe
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka.
| | - B K K K Jinadasa
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), Crow Island, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka
| | - A N Navarathne
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S Jayakody
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka
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Onyegeme-Okerenta BM, West LO. Potential Toxic elements in shellfish from three rivers in Niger Delta, Nigeria: bioaccumulation, dietary intake, and human health risk assessment. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2023; 38:e2023011-0. [PMID: 37933105 PMCID: PMC10628404 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health risks associated with the consumption of three shellfish (Penaeus monodon, Crassostrea rhizophorae, and Tympanostomus fuscatus) harvested from the Buguma, Krakrama, and Bonny Rivers in the Niger Delta region were evaluated in this study. The bioaccumulation of potential toxic elements (PTEs) [Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Nickel (Ni)] was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The pollution index (PPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total hazard index (HI), target cancer risk (CR), and total cancer risk (TCR) were evaluated for potential human health risks. The bioaccumulation levels of PTEs in shellfish samples followed the order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cd > As and were above standard recommended limits except for inorganic As levels observed in T. fuscatus and P. monodon samples from Krakrama and Bonny and C. rhizophorae from Bonny river. The EDI values for iAs, Cr, and Ni were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI), however, the EDI of Cd for children in P. monodon (4.6E-03 mg kg-1day-1), T. fuscatus (1.7E-03 mg kg-1day-1) and C. rhizophorae (1.4E-03 mg kg-1day-1) from Buguma were higher than the TDI value (8.00E-04 mg kg-1day-1). The HI values were above 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) values of all analyzed PTEs for all the shellfish species from the rivers for children and adults ranged from 8.69E-04 to 2.47E-03 and 1.86E-03 to 5.30E-03 respectively and these were higher than the priority risk level (1E-04), hence, the need to monitor shellfish consumption in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Okeinaye West
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Sepúlveda CH, Sotelo-Gonzalez MI, Osuna-Martínez CC, Frías-Espericueta MG, Sánchez-Cárdenas R, Bergés-Tiznado ME, Góngora-Gómez AM, García-Ulloa M. Biomonitoring of potentially toxic elements through oysters (Saccostrea palmula and Crassostrea corteziensis) from coastal lagoons of Southeast Gulf of California, Mexico: health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2329-2348. [PMID: 35953735 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The coastal lagoons of the Gulf of California support important traditional fisheries and mollusc cultures (generally oysters) and receive important volumes of agricultural, industrial and urban effluents, consumption of the oysters could pose risk to human health. The concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the oysters Saccostrea palmula and Crassostrea corteziensis, from four coastal lagoons (Altata, AL; Macapule, ML; Navachiste, NL; El Colorado, ECL) in the Southeast Gulf of California, were seasonally evaluated (summer 2019-spring 2020). The order of magnitude of potentially toxic elements concentrations in the soft tissue in both oyster species and at all sites was Zn > Fe > Cu > As > Cd > Pb. Cadmium, Cu, Pb, and Zn exceeded the maximum permissible limits in more than one sampling site. The highest concentrations (mg kg-1, wet weight) of As (4.2 ± 1.1, spring) and Cd (3.3 ± 0.7, autumn) were registered in S. palmula et al. and NL sampling sites, respectively. Crassostrea corteziensis presented higher levels of Cu (40.5 ± 6.7, spring), Pb (2.0 ± 0.4, spring), and Zn (96.9 ± 20.4, spring) in ECL and Fe (62.2 ± 25.4, autumn) in ML. The hazard quotient (HQ) values exceeded the safe level of 1 for Cd in S. palmula and C. corteziensis in NL for children (~ 16 kg weight). In addition, in children, the hazard index (HI) values in both species of oysters ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 and 0.6 to 1.9, respectively. On the other hand, the intake of the studied elements through the consumption of oysters would not induce adverse effects to human health (men and women weighing 70 and 60 kg, respectively); HQ and HI values were < 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Humberto Sepúlveda
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Avenida de los Deportes S/N Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Maria Isabel Sotelo-Gonzalez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Avenida de los Deportes S/N Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Carmen Cristina Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Martín Gabriel Frías-Espericueta
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Sánchez-Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Paseo Claussen S/N Col. Los Pinos, C.P. 82000, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Elizabeth Bergés-Tiznado
- Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa. Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras Km. 3, C.P. 82199, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Andrés Martín Góngora-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes, No. 250, Col. San Joachin, C.P. 81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Manuel García-Ulloa
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes, No. 250, Col. San Joachin, C.P. 81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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6
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Acharya P, Muduli PR, Das M. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in Penaeus monodon and its human health implications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114632. [PMID: 36706548 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (P. monodon) of Chilika lagoon, India was studied regarding the metal accumulation and its associated human health risks. It showed a tendency of metal accumulation in the following order: Zn > Ni > Cu > Co > Cr > Pb > Cd. A two-way ANOVA indicated the metal accumulation was insignificant with respect to season (n = 421, p = 0.59) and sector (n = 32, p = 0.61). The estimated daily intake (EDI), targeted hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risks (CR) revealed no potential human health risks and were safe for consumption. The pollution load index (PLI) of <1, Geo-accumulation index (Igeo,) and contamination factor (CF) indicated that the study area was unpolluted. This pioneering study highlighted that P. monodon was nurtured well in the healthy habitat of Chilika lagoon and the fair level of metal content made it an excellent source of dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasannajit Acharya
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon 752030, India; Institute of Technical Education and Research, Department of Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Pradipta R Muduli
- Wetland Research and Training Centre, Chilika Development Authority, Balugaon 752030, India.
| | - Mira Das
- Institute of Technical Education and Research, Department of Chemistry, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, India
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7
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Sun T, Ji C, Li F, Wu H. Bioaccumulation and human health implications of trace metals in oysters from coastal areas of China. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105872. [PMID: 36621131 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study recompiled a national dataset to characterize the pollution level and health risk of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in oysters along the coastal areas of China. Results showed that the median concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in nationwide oysters were 5.5, 335, 1.3 and 1280 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Generally, oysters from the north coasts presented lower metal pollution and higher quality than those from the south. The regional characteristics of trace metals in oysters might be contributed by the interspecific differences. Nationally, the noncarcinogenic risk posed by these four metals in oysters was relatively low, with the risk only occurring in a few hotspots such as the Pearl River Estuary and the Jiulong River Estuary. However, more attention should be paid to the carcinogenic risk of Cd, and priority should be given to formulating control measures to mitigate Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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8
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Akkajit P, Khongsang A, Thongnonghin B. Microplastics accumulation and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in Marcia opima and Lingula anatina, Phuket. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114404. [PMID: 36463718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concerns over potential health risk from the consumption of Marcia opima (M. optima) and lingulata (Lingula anatina) contaminated by heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and microplastics in the eastern part of Phuket, Southern Thailand has been assessed. The abundance of microplastics in Marcia opima and Lingulata were 1.86 and 1.24 items/individual, respectively and followed the order: polyethylene terephthalate > polyester > polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl chloride. Integrated risk indices using the daily intake (EDIs) for heavy metals consumption (from 0.00001 to 0.00712 mg kg-1 per day) are not exceeded the standards set by the ministry of public health Thailand to pose potential carcinogenic health risk individually. The bioaccumulations and hazard quotient values (<1) showed no risk exists concerning the levels of exposure, however, monitoring heavy metals concentration and microplastic contaminations on a regular basis are necessary to prioritize the local people health from pollutants exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pensiri Akkajit
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand.
| | - Audomlak Khongsang
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Boonnisa Thongnonghin
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket Campus, Phuket, Thailand; Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai campus, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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9
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Dang TT, Vo TA, Duong MT, Pham TM, Van Nguyen Q, Nguyen TQ, Bui MQ, Syrbu NN, Van Do M. Heavy metals in cultured oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) and clams (Meretrix lyrata) from the northern coastal area of Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114140. [PMID: 36152497 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oysters and clams are abundant and popularly consumed seafood in Viet Nam. These bivalves were proved to be suitable bioindicators to assess the heavy metal accumulation in the aquatic environment. The study is to investigate heavy metals such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the cultured oysters Saccostrea glomerata and clams Meretrix lyrata collected in VanDon - Quang Ninh, and CatBa - Hai Phong. The results showed that the metal heavy concentrations in the oysters Saccostrea glomerata and clams Meretrix lyrata presented in the order of As > Cd > Pb > Hg. The most polluted concentration with As among four heavy metals studied in six sampling sites was 2.81 ± 1.07 and 1.6 ± 0.62 mg/kg wet weight for clams and oysters, respectively. Investigated heavy metals in cultured oysters and clams indicated potential risks for human health in future by assessment of the heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom Thi Dang
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Anh Vo
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Manh Tuan Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuan Minh Pham
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Quan Van Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Environmental and Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Center Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Minh Quang Bui
- Center Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nadezhda N Syrbu
- Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baltiyskaya ul. 43, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Manh Van Do
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoangquocviet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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10
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Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhou L, Lou W, Zeng W, Liu T, Yin H, Liu H, Liu X, Mathivanan K, Praburaman L, Meng D. Soil microbial community assembly model in response to heavy metal pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113576. [PMID: 35710022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution affected the stability and function of soil ecosystem. The impact of heavy metals on soil microbial community and the interaction of microbial community has been widely studied, but little was known about the response of community assembly to the heavy metal pollution. In this study, we collected 30 soil samples from non (CON), moderately (CL) and severely (CH) contaminated fields. The prokaryotic community was studied using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16s rRNA gene amplicons, and community assembly were quantified using phylogenetic-bin-based null approach (iCAMP). Results showed that diversity and composition of both bacterial and archaeal community changed significantly in response to heavy metal pollution. The microbial community assembly tended to be more deterministic with the increase of heavy metal concentration. Among the assembly processes, the relative importance of homogeneous selection (deterministic process) increased significantly (increased by 16.2%), and the relative importance of drift and dispersal limitation (stochastic process) decreased significantly (decreased by 11.4% and 5.4%, respectively). The determinacy of bacterial and archaeal community assembly also increased with heavy metal stress, but the assembly models were different. The deterministic proportion of microorganisms tolerant to heavy metals, such as Thiobacillus, Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota (clustered in bin 32, bin59 and bin60, respectively) increased, while the stochastic proportion of microorganisms sensitive to heavy metals, such as Koribacteraceae (clustered in bin23) increased. Therefore, the heavy metal stress made the prokaryotic community be deterministic, however, the effects on the assembly process of different microbial groups differed obviously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Hunan Urban and Rural Environmental Construction Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410118, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, 101148, China
| | - Wei Lou
- Hunan Heqing Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, 410221, China
| | - Weiai Zeng
- Changsha Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Krishnamurthy Mathivanan
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Loganathan Praburaman
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Delong Meng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410083, China.
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11
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Wang L, Wang X, Chen H, Wang Z, Jia X. Oyster arsenic, cadmium, copper, mercury, lead and zinc levels in the northern South China Sea: long-term spatiotemporal distributions, combined effects, and risk assessment to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12706-12719. [PMID: 34993803 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are often considered vulnerable due to the complex biogeochemical processes and the human disturbances through a variety of pollution. Among environmental contaminants, heavy metals in estuarine and coastal ecosystems have been of increasing concern in environmental conservation. Long-term exposure to heavy metal contamination, mainly through food and water, could be harmful to human health. It is therefore critical to understand the quantitative comparisons and combined effects of different heavy metals in common seafood species, such as oysters. This work studied the long-term spatiotemporal trends and health risk assessment of oyster arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) levels in the coastal waters of northern South China Sea. Cultured oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) from 23 estuaries and harbors in the coastal areas of northern South China Sea in 1989-2015 were analyzed for the spatiotemporal trends of the six heavy metal levels. Metal pollution index (MPI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) were used for quantifying the exposure of the six heavy metals to human health through oyster consumption. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used for assessing the relative importance of the six metals in oyster heavy metal distribution patterns in the northern South China Sea. Overall, the As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn levels in oysters from the northern South China Sea generally declined from 1989 to 2015, stayed relatively high (MPI = 2.42-3.68) during 1989-2000, gradually decreased since 2000, and slightly increased after 2010. Oyster heavy metal levels were highest in the Pearl River Estuary (MPI = 1.20-5.52), followed by west Guangdong and east Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan coastal waters. This pattern is probably because economics and industry around the Pearl River Estuary have been growing faster than the other areas of this work in the recent two decades, and it should be taken as a hotspot for the monitoring of seafood safety in southern China. Principal component analysis indicated that Cu, Zn, and Cd were the most important metals in the long-term distributions of oyster heavy metal levels in the northern South China Sea. Health risk assessment suggested that the risk of the six heavy metals exposure through oyster consumption were relatively high during 1989-2005 (THQ = 1.01-5.82), significantly decreased since 2005 (THQ < 1), and slightly increased after 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, Guangdong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, 524025, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Zenghuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China
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12
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Effect of different thermal processing methods on potentially toxic metals in the seafood, Penaeus vannamei, and the related human health risk assessment. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Santos-Echeandía J, Zéler A, Gago J, Lacroix C. The role of cigarette butts as vectors of metals in the marine environment: Could it cause bioaccumulation in oysters? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125816. [PMID: 34492782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco is a well-documented threat to human health. However, its environmental impact has only recently been considered. Metals can interact with cigarette butts (CBs) being transported in the marine environment and reaching organisms. To understand this mechanism, a series of metal(loid)s were analyzed in cigarette filters (virgin, artificially smoked, leached in seawater and aged in beach and harbour) as well as in artificially contaminated oyster tissues. Smoked filters showed higher levels of metals compared to the virgin ones showing enrichment factors up to 90, probably associated with tobacco metal content. Once the CBs are delivered to the environment, metals can be leached to seawater until reaching equilibrium, which may be dependent on initial metal levels in the water. Copper was the element with the highest percentage of desorption (91 ± 3%) while strontium showed the lowest percentage (40 ± 0%). CBs revealed a great capacity to accumulate metals from the environment when weathered in contaminated areas. A chemical impact derived from CBs contamination might exist as they serve as a carrier for metals in the marine environment. The release of metals from CBs or the ingestion of metal loaded CBs may pose a toxicological risk for marine organisms via accumulation in their tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Santos-Echeandía
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, Vigo 36390, Spain.
| | - Aurore Zéler
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (Cedre), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest Cedex 2 29218, France
| | - Jesús Gago
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, Vigo 36390, Spain
| | - Camille Lacroix
- Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (Cedre), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest Cedex 2 29218, France
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14
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Ikem A, Ayodeji OJ, Wetzel J. Human health risk assessment of selected metal(loid)s via crayfish ( Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) consumption in Missouri. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07194. [PMID: 34169162 PMCID: PMC8207206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmed crustaceans are an important component in addressing the rising animal protein demand. The present study determined the concentrations of fourteen elements (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Pb, and Zn) in the edible abdominal muscle of cultured freshwater crayfish species (Faxonius virilis; Procambarus acutus acutus) from Missouri. Also, this paper describes the dietary intake and the human health risks from the consumption of crayfish muscle in the adult population. Overall, 172 animals were captured between February 2017 and January 2018 for assessment. Concentrations of metals (Ag, Be, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Mo, and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the muscle tissue were determined after microwave-assisted acid digestion by ICP - OES. Health indices (EDI/EWI: estimated daily/weekly intakes; THQ: target hazard quotient; TTHQ: total target hazard quotient; ILCR: incremental lifetime cancer risk; and ∑ILCR: cumulative lifetime cancer risk) were calculated and compared to thresholds. Of all samples, the highest concentrations (mg kg -1 wet weight) of metal(loid)s in muscle were Ag (0.11), As (3.15), Be (0.21), Cd (0.11), Co (0.32), Cr (1.22), Cu (107), Fe (23.0), Mn (8.54), Mo (0.62), Ni (2.65), Pb (1.76), Sn (5.91), and Zn (19.2). In both species, the average As, Cd, and Zn concentrations were below the legal limits. However, the levels of Cu, Pb, and As, in some samples, were in exceedance of the maximum levels. In both species, a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between the carapace length (CL) and animal body weight (BW). In P. acutus, CL, BW, and animal total length were homogenous (p > 0.05) among the sexes. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of As, Be, and Zn in F. virilis, and Be and Cr in P. a. acutus among the genders. Significant inter-species differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the levels of Be, Ni, and Pb and the growth factors. The EDI/EWI values were below the permissible limits. THQ and TTHQ values, being below 1.0, indicated no probabilistic health risk. Regarding carcinogenic risk, only As and Ni indicated cancer risk (ILCR >10-5 and ∑ILCR >10-5) to the adult population. High metals/metalloid exposure from crayfish muscle consumption posed potential health hazards to the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abua Ikem
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, United States
- Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, United States
| | - Olukayode James Ayodeji
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, United States
| | - James Wetzel
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, United States
- Cooperative Research Programs, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101, United States
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15
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Vieira KS, Baptista Neto JA, Crapez MAC, Gaylarde C, Pierri BDS, Saldaña-Serrano M, Bainy ACD, Nogueira DJ, Fonseca EM. Occurrence of microplastics and heavy metals accumulation in native oysters Crassostrea Gasar in the Paranaguá estuarine system, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112225. [PMID: 33677332 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of contaminants in the marine environment is considered a global threat to marine organisms. Heavy metals and microplastics are two distinct classes of pollutants but there are interactions between these two stressors that are still poorly understood. We examined the potential relationship between heavy metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Ba, Hg, Pb) and microplastic particles in oysters sampled along the Paranaguá Estuarine System. The results suggested high levels of As and Zn in the bivalves, which are destined for human consumption. Microplastic particles were found in oysters from all sampled locations, demonstrating the spread of this pollutant in the marine environment and its ability to bioaccumulate in oysters. However, our data did not demonstrate a direct relationship between microplastics and heavy metals, suggesting that these particles are not the main route for heavy metal contamination of oysters in the Paranaguá Estuarine System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khauê Silva Vieira
- Laboratory of Marine Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Fluminense Federal University, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - José Antônio Baptista Neto
- Laboratory of Marine Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Fluminense Federal University, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miriam Araujo Carlos Crapez
- Laboratory of Marine Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Fluminense Federal University, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christine Gaylarde
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Oklahoma University, 770 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Bruno da Silva Pierri
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition/LABNUTRI, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry/LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry/LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Estefan Monteiro Fonseca
- Laboratory of Marine Geology, Institute of Geosciences, Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEMAR, Fluminense Federal University, Avenida Litorânea s/n, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Sun S, Wang N, Shi X. In vivo visualization assay to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to mercury on offspring bioaccumulation in the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129440. [PMID: 33412353 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a persistent pollutant that accumulates in aquatic animals. However, studies related to understand how gonad tissue of this species responds to mercury exposure and elucidation of mercury bioaccumulation in crustacean offspring by cross-generational, are still sparse. The present study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of Hg2+in vivo in prawn offspring by a specific aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen). The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of mercury to the juveniles were 0.072 mg/L. Hg2+ reduced growth performance, damaged oocyte quality, and inhibited ovary maturation, thus inhibiting gonadal maturation in intact prawns. F1 offspring were exposed to Hg2+ by direct transfer from their F0 parents, as shown by the distribution of mercury in gonads and fertilized eggs. In the medium containing oriental river prawn larvae, the Hg2+ concentration decreased rapidly, indicating fast initial larval uptake of Hg2+. Due to metal ion triggered AIE activity, analysis of fluorescence images showed that prawn offspring accumulated Hg2+ via maternal transfer, and there was a relationship among the photoluminescence intensity, the AIEgen concentration, and mercury levels. The quantitative detection of Hg2+ absorption from prawn larvae by the AIEgen represents a novel analytical technique to understand the dynamics of Hg2+ between maternal and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Xiaotao Shi
- Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
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17
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Jiao L, Dai T, Jin M, Sun P, Zhou Q. Transcriptome Analysis of the Hepatopancreas in the Litopenaeus vannamei Responding to the Lead Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1100-1109. [PMID: 32562240 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most hazardous pollutants and toxic heavy metal in marine environment. The molecular mechanisms of Pb toxicity in aquatic organism are not well understood. In this study, hepatopancreas transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) was characterized by a comparison between control and Pb exposure samples using RNA-Seq approach. Hepatopancreas morphology of L. vannamei was also assessed. The result reveals that compared with the control group, an increase in the number of B cells was observed following Pb exposure in L. vannamei. Transcriptome data showed that a total of 1593 genes were recognized to be differentially expressed including 1278 up-regulated and 315 down-regulated genes. These genes were mainly associated with energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, exogenous microbial infection, cell junction, and cell adhesion. Fifteen ribosomal protein genes (RPS3, RPS13, RPSA, RPL11, RPS2, RPL8, RPS23, RPL3, RPL5, RPS6, RPS4X, RPS18, RPL19, RPL9, RPL6) were identified as the common hubs of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, as well as part of modules of the PPI network. Besides ribosomal protein, we identified differential expression genes (DEGs) including GAPDH, EEF1A1, HSPA8, UBC, and EEF1G as the common hubs of PPI networks. These findings may have important implications for understanding the adverse biological effects of Pb and its toxic mechanisms, as yet not clearly defined, and provide potential biomarkers of Pb exposure in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei, which might be useful for monitoring aquatic environments and assessing the health of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefei Jiao
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmeng Dai
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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