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Mihara T, Hori M. Nicotine aggravates liver fibrosis via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on activated hepatic stellate cells in mice. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0457. [PMID: 38836815 PMCID: PMC11155520 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has recently been detected in nonimmune cells possessing immunoregulatory functions. We aimed to verify whether nicotine promotes liver fibrosis via α7nAChR. METHODS We used osmotic pumps to administer nicotine and carbon tetrachloride to induce liver fibrosis in wild-type and α7nAChR-deficient mice. The severity of fibrosis was evaluated using Masson trichrome staining, hydroxyproline assays, and real-time PCR for profibrotic genes. Furthermore, we evaluated the cell proliferative capacity and COL1A1 mRNA expression in human HSCs line LX-2 and primary rat HSCs treated with nicotine and an α7nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine citrate. RESULTS Nicotine exacerbated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice (+42.4% in hydroxyproline assay). This effect of nicotine was abolished in α7nAChR-deficient mice, indicating nicotine promotes liver fibrosis via α7nAChR. To confirm the direct involvement of α7nAChRs in liver fibrosis, we investigated the effects of genetic suppression of α7nAChR expression on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis without nicotine treatment. Profibrotic gene expression at 1.5 weeks was significantly suppressed in α7nAChR-deficient mice (-83.8% in Acta2, -80.6% in Col1a1, -66.8% in Tgfb1), and collagen content was decreased at 4 weeks (-22.3% in hydroxyproline assay). The in vitro analysis showed α7nAChR expression in activated but not in quiescent HSCs. Treatment of LX-2 cells with nicotine increased COL1A1 expression (+116%) and cell proliferation (+10.9%). These effects were attenuated by methyllycaconitine citrate, indicating the profibrotic effects of nicotine via α7nAChR. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine aggravates liver fibrosis induced by other factors by activating α7nAChR on HSCs, thereby increasing their collagen-producing capacity. We suggest the profibrotic effect of nicotine is mediated through α7nAChRs.
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Sampaio Moura N, Schledwitz A, Alizadeh M, Kodan A, Njei LP, Raufman JP. Cholinergic Mechanisms in Gastrointestinal Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5316. [PMID: 38791353 PMCID: PMC11120676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine-activated receptors are divided broadly into two major structurally distinct classes: ligand-gated ion channel nicotinic and G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. Each class encompasses several structurally related receptor subtypes with distinct patterns of tissue expression and post-receptor signal transduction mechanisms. The activation of both nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors has been associated with the induction and progression of gastrointestinal neoplasia. Herein, after briefly reviewing the classification of acetylcholine-activated receptors and the role that nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic signaling plays in normal digestive function, we consider the mechanics of acetylcholine synthesis and release by neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and current methodology and challenges in measuring serum and tissue acetylcholine levels accurately. Then, we critically evaluate the evidence that constitutive and ligand-induced activation of acetylcholine-activated receptors plays a role in promoting gastrointestinal neoplasia. We focus primarily on adenocarcinomas of the stomach, pancreas, and colon, because these cancers are particularly common worldwide and, when diagnosed at an advanced stage, are associated with very high rates of morbidity and mortality. Throughout this comprehensive review, we concentrate on identifying novel ways to leverage these observations for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sampaio Moura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.S.M.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alyssa Schledwitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.S.M.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Madeline Alizadeh
- The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Asha Kodan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.S.M.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lea-Pearl Njei
- Department of Biological Science, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (N.S.M.); (A.S.); (A.K.)
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Futoh Y, Miyato H, Yamaguchi H, Matsumiya M, Takahashi R, Kaneko Y, Kimura Y, Ohzawa H, Sata N, Kitayama J, Hosoya Y. Vagus nerve signal has an inhibitory influence on the development of peritoneal metastasis in murine gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7832. [PMID: 38570542 PMCID: PMC10991300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The vagus nerve is the only pathway for transmitting parasympathetic signals between the brain and thoracoabdominal organs, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory functions through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Despite often being resected during lymph node dissection in upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery, the impact of vagotomy on postoperative outcomes in gastric cancer patients remains unclear. Sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy was performed on C57BL/6 mice. Three weeks later, syngeneic murine gastric cancer cell line YTN16P was injected into the peritoneal cavity, and the number of peritoneal metastases (PM) on the mesentery and omentum compared with control mice. The phenotypes of immune cells in peritoneal lavage and omental milky spots one day after tumor inoculation were analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Intraperitoneal transfer of 3 × 105 YTN16P significantly increased the number of metastatic nodules on the mesentery in the vagotomy group compared to the control group. The omental metastasis grade was also significantly higher in the vagotomy group. Phenotypic analysis of immune cells in peritoneal lavage did not reveal significant differences after vagotomy. However, vagotomized mice exhibited a notable increase in milky spot area, with a higher presence of cytokeratin(+) tumor cells, F4/80(+) macrophages, and CD3(+) T cells. Vagus nerve signaling appears to regulate the immune response dynamics within milky spots against disseminated tumor cells and inhibits the development of PM. Preserving the vagus nerve may offer advantages in advanced gastric cancer surgery to reduce peritoneal recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurie Futoh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyo Miyato
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsumiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Rei Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuki Kaneko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ohzawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Naohiro Sata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Jichi Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological, General and Transplant Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Hajiasgharzadeh K, Shahabi P, Karimi-Sales E, Alipour MR. Nicotine promotes development of bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis by increasing expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats. Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 10:62-71. [PMID: 38765906 PMCID: PMC11100344 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2024.136227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Liver fibrosis and cigarette smoking seem to be directly linked. Nicotine, as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), induces many downstream signaling pathways. The pathways through which nicotine affects the process of liver fibrosis have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the nicotine-induced effects on fibrosis progression in cholestatic rats. Material and methods First, the Wistar rats were subjected to sham or bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery. The rats were treated with low and high doses of nicotine (1 or 10 mg/kg) for three weeks. They were monitored for their body weights before and 21 days after BDL. Also, spleens were weighed to calculate the spleen/body weight ratio. Ductular proliferation and fibrosis were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as well as Masson's trichrome staining. The mRNA expression of α4nAChR, α7nAChR, and fibrosis gene α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was measured by real-time PCR. Results The findings showed that nicotine promotes the development of BDL-induced liver fibrosis. The ratio of spleen/body weight was significantly affected by nicotine exposure. H&E and Masson's trichrome staining showed that the level of liver fibrosis was higher in the cholestatic BDL groups, and this effect was significantly augmented in the nicotine-treated rats. Also, α4nAChR, α7nAChR, and α-SMA expression was observed in the BDL rats and increased following nicotine treatment. Conclusions The activation of nAChR triggers biliary proliferation and liver fibrosis. Studying the intracellular mechanism of nicotine and alteration in the expression of nicotinic receptors following nicotine exposure can be useful both in diagnosing nicotine-related diseases and finding new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Karimi-Sales
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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He Y, Cai Y, Wei D, Cao L, He Q, Zhang Y. Elucidating the mechanisms of formononetin in modulating atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:121. [PMID: 38388385 PMCID: PMC10882812 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis(AS) poses a pressing challenge in contemporary medicine. Formononetin (FMN) plays a crucial role in its prevention and treatment. However, the detailed impact of FMN on the stability of atherosclerotic plaques and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. METHODS An intervention consisting of FMN was given along with a high-fat food regimen in the ApoE-/- mouse model. The investigation included the evaluation of the degree of atherosclerotic lesion, the main components of the plaque, lipid profiles, particular markers indicating M1/M2 macrophage phenotypes, the quantities of factors related to inflammation, the infiltration of macrophages, and the identification of markers linked to the α7nAChR/JAK2/STAT3 axis effect molecules. RESULTS The evaluation of aortic morphology in ApoE-/-mice revealed that FMN significantly improved the plaque area, fibrous cap protrusion, lipid deposition, and structural alterations on the aortic surface, among other markers of atherosclerosis,and there is concentration dependence. Furthermore, the lipid content of mouse serum was assessed, and the results showed that the low-, medium-, and high-dosage FMN groups had significantly lower levels of LDL-C, ox-LDL, TC, and TG. The results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that the low-, medium-, and high-dose FMN therapy groups had enhanced CD206 expression and decreased expression of CD68 and iNOS. According to RT-qPCR data, FMN intervention has the potential to suppress the expression of iNOS, COX-2, miR-155-5p, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA, while promoting the expression of IL-10, SHIP1, and Arg-1 mRNA levels. However, the degree of inhibition varied among dosage groups. Western blot investigation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway proteins and cholinergic α7nAChR protein showed that p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 protein expression was suppressed at all dosages, whereas α7nAChR protein expression was enhanced. CONCLUSIONS According to the aforementioned findings, FMN can reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis by influencing macrophage polarization, blocking the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and increasing α7nAChR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Youde Cai
- Jinyang Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550081, China
| | - Dingling Wei
- First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Liping Cao
- First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China
| | - Qiansong He
- First Clinical Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550001, China.
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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Guzman-Vallejos MS, Ramirez-Cando LJ, Aguayo L, Ballaz SJ. Molecular Docking Analysis at the Human α7-nAChR and Proliferative and Evoked-Calcium Changes in SH-SY5Y Cells by Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid Insecticides. Neurotox Res 2024; 42:16. [PMID: 38376791 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-024-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (ACE) and Imidacloprid (IMI) are widely-used neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) with functional activity at human acetylcholine nicotinic receptors and, therefore, with putative toxic effects. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the interactions between NNIs and α7-nAChR, as this receptor keeps intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) to an optimum for an adequate neuronal functioning. Possible interactions between NNIs and the cryo-EM structure of the human α-7 nAChR were identified by molecular docking. Additionally, NNI effects were analyzed in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, as they naturally express α-7 nAChRs. Functional studies included proliferative/cytotoxic effects (MTT test) in undifferentiated SH-SY-5Y cells and indirect measurements of [Ca2+]i transients in retinoic acid-differentiated SH-SY-5Y cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM. Docking analysis showed that the binding of IMI and ACE occurred at the same aromatic cage that the specific α-7 nAChR agonist EVP-6124. IMI showed a better docking strength than ACE. According to the MTT assays, low doses (10-50 µM) of IMI better than ACE stimulated neuroblastoma cell proliferation. At higher doses (250-500 µM), IMI also prevailed over ACE and dose-dependently triggered more abrupt fluorescence changes due to [Ca2+]i mobilization in differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Indeed, only IMI blunted nicotine-evoked intracellular fluorescence stimulation (i.e., nicotine cross-desensitization). Summarizing, IMI demonstrated a superior docking strength and more robust cellular responses compared to ACE, which were likely associated with a stronger activity at α-7nAChRs. Through the interaction with α-7nAChRs, IMI would demonstrate its high neurotoxic potential for humans. More research is needed for investigating the proliferative effects of IMI in neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenin J Ramirez-Cando
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Universidad Yachay Tech, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Luis Aguayo
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ave. Samborondón 5, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador.
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Ghorab D, Abu-El-Rub EM, Gharaibeh MH, Yehya A, Khasawneh RR, Matalqah LM, Helaly AM. Neurological Effects of Combining Low Toxic Dose of Tramadol and Nicotine: An Animal Model Evidence of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:1953356. [PMID: 37593523 PMCID: PMC10432102 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1953356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol abuse is a common problem in the Middle East in conjunction with smoking. The current study applied immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and ELISA to test the combination toxicity. Low toxic doses of tramadol induced animal brain cortex inflammation and hippocampus injury. Adding nicotine reverted hippocampus pathological changes without triggering marked brain injury. The expression of CHOP protein with real-time PCR showed mild endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) in rat's brain. Histological, immunohistochemical, and western blotting analysis of CHOP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein) and BIP (immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein) chaperones demonstrated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brains of animals. Furthermore, the levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers demonstrated a mild reaction. The blood level of serotonin was high in all study groups, with a marked increase in the combined one. The high serotonin levels in the blood can be critical and associated with a high risk of serious withdrawal and pathological consequences. Serotonin receptor blockers such as olanzapine may increase systemic serotonin levels and need further investigation to utterly pinpoint their roles in managing mood disorders. In conclusion, the combination of tramadol and nicotine is less harmful than expected. However, serious withdrawal effects can occur as a result of high systemic serotonin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ghorab
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ejlal M. Abu-El-Rub
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed Hamdi Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Yehya
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ramada R. Khasawneh
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Laila M. Matalqah
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Yarmouk, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Helaly
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
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Hajiasgharzadeh K, Naghipour B, Shahabi P, Dastmalchi N, Alipour MR. The role of microRNAs in nicotine signaling. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:433-450. [PMID: 37346805 PMCID: PMC10279964 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a harmful habit that is widespread around the world. It is among the well-known lifestyle-related risk factors for many diseases. Nicotine, as its principal constituent, has various detrimental, and beneficial functions. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are present in nearly all body cells, are how nicotine works. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that nicotine causes abnormal microRNA expression (miRNAs). These short sequences of RNAs are known to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. A wide range of miRNAs are modulated by nicotine, and nicotine-induced miRNA changes could subsequently mediate nicotine's effect on gene expression regulation. We will focus on the reciprocal interaction between nAChRs and miRNAs and describe the essential targets of these dysregulated miRNAs after nicotine exposure and activation of nAChRs. It appears that crucial subcellular mechanisms implicated in nicotine's effects are miRNA-related pathways. It is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of nicotine as well as the dysregulation of miRNA following nAChR activation. The finding about epigenetic mechanisms of nicotine-induced effects may shed light on the establishment of new treatment strategies to prevent the harmful effects of nicotine and perhaps may augment the beneficial effects in diverse smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahman Naghipour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Biology, University College of Nabi Akram, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Tae HS, Adams DJ. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype expression, function, and pharmacology: Therapeutic potential of α-conotoxins. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106747. [PMID: 37001708 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The pentameric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are typically classed as muscle- or neuronal-type, however, the latter has also been reported in non-neuronal cells. Given their broad distribution, nAChRs mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes including synaptic transmission, presynaptic modulation of transmitter release, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. There are 17 different nAChR subunits and combinations of these subunits produce subtypes with diverse pharmacological properties. The expression and role of some nAChR subtypes have been extensively deciphered with the aid of knock-out models. Many nAChR subtypes expressed in heterologous systems are selectively targeted by the disulfide-rich α-conotoxins. α-Conotoxins are small peptides isolated from the venom of cone snails, and a number of them have potential pharmaceutical value.
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Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh, Doustvandi MA, Khiabani NA, Mohammadi M, Dastmalchi N, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. The Effects of siRNA-Mediated Gene Silencing of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors on Drug Resistance to Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Cancer Cells. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022150109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Lv J, Jia H, Mo M, Yuan J, Wu Z, Zhang S, Zhe F, Gu B, Fan B, Li C, Zhang T, Zhu J. Changes of serum metabolites levels during neoadjuvant chemoradiation and prediction of the pathological response in locally advanced rectal cancer. Metabolomics 2022; 18:99. [PMID: 36441416 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have explored prediction value of serum metabolites in neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) response for rectal cancer. To date, limited literature is available for serum metabolome changes dynamically through NCRT. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore temporal change pattern of serum metabolites during NCRT, and potential metabolic biomarkers to predict the pathological response to NCRT in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients. METHODS Based on dynamic UHPLC-QTOF-MS untargeted metabolomics design, this study included 106 LARC patients treated with NCRT. Biological samples of the enrolled patients were collected in five consecutive time-points. Untargeted metabolomics was used to profile serum metabolic signatures from LARC patients. Then, we used fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) to explore temporal change patterns in metabolites cluster and identify monotonously changing metabolites during NCRT. Repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) and multilevel partial least-squares discriminant analysis (ML-PLS-DA) were performed to select metabolic biomarkers. Finally, a panel of dynamic differential metabolites was used to build logistic regression prediction models. RESULTS Metabolite profiles showed a clearly tendency of separation between different follow-up panels. We identified two clusters of 155 serum metabolites with monotonously changing patterns during NCRT (74 decreased metabolites and 81 increased metabolites). Using RM-ANOVA and ML-PLS-DA, 8 metabolites (L-Norleucine, Betaine, Hypoxanthine, Acetylcholine, 1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Glycerophosphocholine, Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, N-Acetyl-L-alanine) were further identified as dynamic differential biomarkers for predicting NCRT sensitivity. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of prediction model combined with the baseline measurement was 0.54 (95%CI = 0.43 ~ 0.65). By incorporating the variability indexes of 8 dynamic differential metabolites, the prediction model showed better discrimination performance than baseline measurement, with AUC = 0.67 (95%CI 0.57 ~ 0.77), 0.64 (0.53 ~ 0.75), 0.60 (0.50 ~ 0.71), and 0.56 (0.45 ~ 0.67) for the variability index of difference, linear slope, ratio, and standard deviation, respectively. CONCLUSION This study identified eight metabolites as dynamic differential biomarkers to discriminate NCRT-sensitive and resistant patients. The changes of metabolite level during NCRT show better performance in predicting NCRT sensitivity. These findings highlight the clinical significance of metabolites variabilities in metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huixun Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Mo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Statistics Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Zhe
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingbing Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Ji Zhu
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Peng W, Mao L, Dang X. The emergence of the uniquely human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene and its roles in inflammation. Gene 2022; 842:146777. [PMID: 35952843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The uniquely human CHRFAM7A gene is evolved from the fusion of two partially duplicated genes, ULK4 and CHRNA7. Transcription of CHRFAM7A gene produces a 1256-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes duplicate α7-nAChR (dup-α7-nAChR), in which a 27-aminoacid peptide derived from ULK4 gene replaces the 146-aminoacid N-terminal extracellular domain of α7-nAChR, and the rest protein domains are exactly the same as those of α7-nAChR. In vitro, dup-α7-nAChR has been shown to form hetero-pentamer with α7-nAChR and dominant-negatively inhibits the channel functions of the latter. α7-nAChR has been shown to participate in many pathophysiological processes such as cognition, memory, neuronal degenerative disease, psychological disease, and inflammatory diseases, among others, and thus has been extensively exploited as potential therapeutic targets for many diseases. Unfortunately, many lead compounds that showed potent therapeutic effect in preclinical animal models failed clinical trials, suggesting the possibility that the contribution of the uniquely human CHRFAM7A gene may not be accounted for in the preclinical research. Here, we review the emergence of CHRFAM7A gene and its transcriptional regulation, the regulatory roles of CHRFAM7A gene in α7-nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and the potential implications of CHRFAM7A gene in translational research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, India
| | - Liang Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, India
| | - Xitong Dang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, India; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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13
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Battaglin F, Jayachandran P, Strelez C, Lenz A, Algaze S, Soni S, Lo JH, Yang Y, Millstein J, Zhang W, Roussos Torres ET, Shih JC, Mumenthaler SM, Neman J, Lenz HJ. Neurotransmitter signaling: a new frontier in colorectal cancer biology and treatment. Oncogene 2022; 41:4769-4778. [PMID: 36182970 PMCID: PMC10591256 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The brain-gut axis, a bidirectional network between the central and enteric nervous system, plays a critical role in modulating the gastrointestinal tract function and homeostasis. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that neuronal signaling molecules can promote gastrointestinal cancers, however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Aberrant expression of neurotransmitter signaling genes in colorectal cancer supports the role of neurotransmitters to stimulate tumor growth and metastatic spread by promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In addition, neurotransmitters can interact with immune and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment to promote inflammation and tumor progression. As such, pharmacological targeting of neurotransmitter signaling represent a promising novel anticancer approach. Here, we present an overview of the current evidence supporting the role of neurotransmitters in colorectal cancer biology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priya Jayachandran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carly Strelez
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annika Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Algaze
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Ho Lo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Evanthia T Roussos Torres
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean C Shih
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shannon M Mumenthaler
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, USC Brain Tumor Center, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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14
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Nour MA, Kheradmand F, Rasmi Y, Baradaran B. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in Sorafenib-resistant Hepatocellular carcinoma cells. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:165. [PMID: 35972579 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent kind of liver cancer, remains one of the world's main causes of death. The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) has been recognized to be overexpressed in malignancies and chemoresistance. Since little is known about the role of α7nAchR expression in drug-resistant cells, this study was designed to investigate the effect of α7nAchR suppression in combination with Sorafenib (SOR) on SOR-resistant HCC cells. First, SOR-resistant HCC cells were generated. To suppress the expression of α7nAchR, cells were treated with SOR following siRNA transfection. qRT-PCR was used to examine the expression of α7nAchR and apoptotic genes by evaluating the IC50 of SOR and the combination of α7nAchR siRNA and SOR on the survival of resistant cells. Moreover, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle analysis for resistant HCC cells were performed using flow cytometry. Cell migration and colony formation assays were also used for further confirmation. Our results suggest that inhibiting α7nAchR can lead resistant HCC cells to become sensitive. Furthermore, when siRNA and SOR were treated together, HCC-resistant cells showed a considerable reduction in α7nAchR mRNA gene expression. In addition, when α7nAchR was downregulated in combination with SOR, migration and colony formation were inhibited. Apoptosis was triggered by modulating the expression of apoptotic target genes, and cell cycle arrest was observed in the G2-M and subG1 phases. Overexpression of α7nAchR in SOR-resistant HCC cells suggests that it might be a therapeutic target for HCC cell resistance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516615731, Iran.
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15
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Emerging Roles of the Nervous System in Gastrointestinal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153722. [PMID: 35954387 PMCID: PMC9367305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nerve–cancer cross-talk has increasingly become a focus of the oncology field, particularly in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The indispensable roles of the nervous system in GI tumorigenesis and malignancy have been dissected by epidemiological, experimental animal and mechanistic data. Herein, we review and integrate recent discoveries linking the nervous system to GI cancer initiation and progression, and focus on the molecular mechanisms by which nerves and neural receptor pathways drive GI malignancy. Abstract Our understanding of the fascinating connection between nervous system and gastrointestinal (GI) tumorigenesis has expanded greatly in recent years. Recent studies revealed that neurogenesis plays an active part in GI tumor initiation and progression. Tumor-driven neurogenesis, as well as neurite outgrowth of the pre-existing peripheral nervous system (PNS), may fuel GI tumor progression via facilitating cancer cell proliferation, chemoresistance, invasion and immune escape. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides drive the activation of various oncogenic pathways downstream of neural receptors within cancer cells, underscoring the importance of neural signaling pathways in GI tumor malignancy. In addition, neural infiltration also plays an integral role in tumor microenvironments, and contributes to an environment in favor of tumor angiogenesis, immune evasion and invasion. Blockade of tumor innervation via denervation or pharmacological agents may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against GI tumors. In this review, we summarize recent findings linking the nervous system to GI tumor progression, set the spotlight on the molecular mechanisms by which neural signaling fuels cancer aggressiveness, and highlight the importance of targeting neural mechanisms in GI tumor therapy.
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16
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Shah M, Mubin S, Hassan SSU, Tagde P, Ullah O, Rahman MH, Al-Harrasi A, Rehman NU, Murad W. Phytochemical Profiling and Bio-Potentiality of Genus Scutellaria: Biomedical Approach. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070936. [PMID: 35883492 PMCID: PMC9313281 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) comprises over 360 species. Based on its morphological structure of calyx, also known as Skullcap, it is herbaceous by habit and cosmopolitan by habitat. The species of Scutellaria are widely used in local communities as a natural remedy. The genus contributed over three hundred bioactive compounds mainly represented by flavonoids and phenols, chemical ingredients which serve as potential candidates for the therapy of various biological activities. Thus, the current review is an attempt to highlight the biological significance and its correlation to various isolated bioactive ingredients including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and steroids. However, flavonoids were the dominant group observed. The findings of the Scutellaria reveal that due to its affluent basis of numerous chemical ingredients it has a diverse range of pharmacological potentials, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifeedant, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic significance. Currently, various bioactive ingredients have been investigated for various biological activities from the genus Scutellaria in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these data help us to highlight its biomedical application and to isolate the responsible compounds to produce innovative medications as an alternative to synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Sidra Mubin
- Department of Botany, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21310, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Priti Tagde
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201301, India;
| | - Obaid Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.A.-H.); (N.U.R.); (W.M.)
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (A.A.-H.); (N.U.R.); (W.M.)
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (A.A.-H.); (N.U.R.); (W.M.)
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17
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Belanger-Coast MG, Zhang M, Bugay V, Gutierrez RA, Gregory SR, Yu W, Brenner R. Dequalinium chloride is an antagonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:175000. [PMID: 35525312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dequalinium chloride has been used primarily as antiseptic compounds, but recently has been investigated for its effects on specific targets, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Here we investigated dequalinium chloride as an antagonist to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The pharmacological properties of dequalinium were established using cell lines stably co-transfected with the calcium-permeable human α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and its chaperone NACHO, calcium dye fluorescent measurements or a calcium-sensitive protein reporter, and patch clamp recording of ionic currents. Using calcium dye fluorescence plate reader measurements, we find dequalinium chloride is an antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with an IC50 of 672 nM in response to activation with 500 μM acetylcholine chloride and positive allosteric modulator PNU-120596. However, using a membrane-tethered GCAMP7s calcium reporter allowed detection of α7-mediated calcium flux in the absence of PNU-120596. Using this approach revealed an IC50 of 157 nM for dequalinium on 300 μM acetylcholine-evoked currents. Using patch clamp recordings with 300 μM acetylcholine chloride and 10 μM PNU-120596, we find lower concentrations are sufficient to block ionic currents, with IC50 of 120 nM for dequalinium chloride and 54 nM for the related UCL 1684 compound. In summary, we find that dequalinium chloride and UCL1684, which are generally used to block SK-type potassium channels, are also highly effective antagonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This finding, in combination with previous studies of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, clearly establishes dequalinium compounds within the class of general anti-cholinergic antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu G Belanger-Coast
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Sophion Bioscience, Inc, 400 Trade Center Drive, Suite, 6900, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Vladislav Bugay
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A Gutierrez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Summer R Gregory
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Sophion Bioscience, Inc, 400 Trade Center Drive, Suite, 6900, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Robert Brenner
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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18
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Di Lascio S, Fornasari D, Benfante R. The Human-Restricted Isoform of the α7 nAChR, CHRFAM7A: A Double-Edged Sword in Neurological and Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073463. [PMID: 35408823 PMCID: PMC8998457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CHRFAM7A is a relatively recent and exclusively human gene arising from the partial duplication of exons 5 to 10 of the α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit (α7 nAChR) encoding gene, CHRNA7. CHRNA7 is related to several disorders that involve cognitive deficits, including neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders. In extra-neuronal tissues, α7nAChR plays an important role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, cell contact, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor progression, as well as in the modulation of the inflammatory response through the “cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway”. CHRFAM7A translates the dupα7 protein in a multitude of cell lines and heterologous systems, while maintaining processing and trafficking that are very similar to the full-length form. It does not form functional ion channel receptors alone. In the presence of CHRNA7 gene products, dupα7 can assemble and form heteromeric receptors that, in order to be functional, should include at least two α7 subunits to form the agonist binding site. When incorporated into the receptor, in vitro and in vivo data showed that dupα7 negatively modulated α7 activity, probably due to a reduction in the number of ACh binding sites. Very recent data in the literature report that the presence of the duplicated gene may be responsible for the translational gap in several human diseases. Here, we will review the studies that have been conducted on CHRFAM7A in different pathologies, with the intent of providing evidence regarding when and how the expression of this duplicated gene may be beneficial or detrimental in the pathogenesis, and eventually in the therapeutic response, to CHRNA7-related neurological and non-neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Lascio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (S.D.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (S.D.L.); (D.F.)
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20845 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Roberta Benfante
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milan, Italy; (S.D.L.); (D.F.)
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20845 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- NeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tan Y, Chu Z, Shan H, Zhangsun D, Zhu X, Luo S. Inflammation Regulation via an Agonist and Antagonists of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030200. [PMID: 35323499 PMCID: PMC8955479 DOI: 10.3390/md20030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and is closely related to a variety of nervous system diseases and inflammatory responses. The α7 nAChR subtype plays a vital role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In vivo, ACh released from nerve endings stimulates α7 nAChR on macrophages to regulate the NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting the production and release of downstream proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Despite a considerable level of recent research on α7 nAChR-mediated immune responses, much is still unknown. In this study, we used an agonist (PNU282987) and antagonists (MLA and α-conotoxin [A10L]PnIA) of α7 nAChR as pharmacological tools to identify the molecular mechanism of the α7 nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. The results of quantitative PCR, ELISAs, and transcriptome analysis were combined to clarify the function of α7 nAChR regulation in the inflammatory response. Our findings indicate that the agonist PNU282987 significantly reduced the expression of the IL-6 gene and protein in inflammatory macrophages to attenuate the inflammatory response, but the antagonists MLA and α-conotoxin [A10L]PnIA had the opposite effects. Neither the agonist nor antagonists of α7 nAChR changed the expression level of the α7 nAChR subunit gene; they only regulated receptor function. This study provides a reference and scientific basis for the discovery of novel α7 nAChR agonists and their anti-inflammatory applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tan
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Zhaoli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hongyu Shan
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.T.); (H.S.)
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Sulan Luo
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.T.); (H.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (Z.C.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.L.)
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20
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Cigarette Smoking Associated with Colorectal Cancer Survival: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040913. [PMID: 35207186 PMCID: PMC8879005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate whether cigarette smoking is associated with survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) through a nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan. The Taiwan Cancer Registry and National Health Insurance Research Database were used to identify data from patients with CRC from 2011 to 2017. Tobacco use was evaluated based on the smoking status, intensity, and duration before cancer diagnosis. A total of 18,816 patients was included. A Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated smoking to be significantly associated with the CRC mortality risk (log-rank p = 0.0001). A multivariable Cox model indicated that smoking patients had a 1.11-fold higher mortality risk (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05–1.19) than nonsmoking patients did. This increased risk was also present in patients with CRC who smoked 11–20 cigarettes per day (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.07–1.26) or smoked for >30 years (HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.25). Stratified analyses of sex and cancer subsites indicated that the effects of smoking were higher in male patients and in those with colon cancer. Our results indicate that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with poor survival in patients with CRC. An integrated smoking cessation campaign is warranted to prevent CRC mortality.
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21
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Kwok HH, Gao B, Chan KH, Ip MSM, Minna JD, Lam DCL. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit α7 Mediates Cigarette Smoke-Induced PD-L1 Expression in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5345. [PMID: 34771509 PMCID: PMC8582493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the top risk factor for lung cancer development. Nicotine in cigarettes can induce addiction, and its derivatives become potent carcinogens after metabolic activation and activate oncogenic signaling in lung epithelial cells through their expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, the effects of smoking on the tumor immune microenvironment are under investigation. In the current study, we investigated whether nicotine activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α7 (nAChRα7, CHRNA7) would induce PD-L1 expression in lung epithelial cells. The expression levels of nAChRα7 and PD-L1 in eight human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines were measured after treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine derivatives. The results showed that PD-L1 expression levels increased in HBECs after exposure to CSE or nicotine derivatives. This induction of PD-L1 expression could be diminished by treatment with CHRNA7 small-interfering RNA, and the relevant signaling was mediated via STAT3 phosphorylation and NRF2 expression. In summary, this study demonstrated that the well-known nicotine derivative-activated nAChRα7 could induce STAT3/NRF2 pathways and subsequently promote PD-L1 expression in normal lung epithelial cells. This information provides mechanistic insight into cigarette smoke-induced immune evasion in lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.G.); (J.D.M.)
| | - Koon-Ho Chan
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - Mary Sau-Man Ip
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
| | - John Dorrance Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (B.G.); (J.D.M.)
| | - David Chi-Leung Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-H.K.); (K.-H.C.); (M.S.-M.I.)
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22
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Intranasal Administration of Codium fragile Polysaccharide Elicits Anti-Cancer Immunity against Lewis Lung Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910608. [PMID: 34638944 PMCID: PMC8508762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have shown promising effects on the regulation of immunity in animals. In this study, we examined the immune stimulatory effect of intranasally administered Codium fragile polysaccharides (CFPs) in mice. Intranasal administration of CFPs in C57BL/6 mice induced the upregulation of surface activation marker expression in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12p70, and tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the number of conventional DCs (cDCs) was increased in the mLNs by the upregulation of C-C motif chemokine receptor 7 expression, and subsets of cDCs were also activated following the intranasal administration of CFP. In addition, the intranasal administration of CFPs promoted the activation of natural killer (NK) and T cells in the mLNs, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic mediators. Finally, daily administration of CFPs inhibited the infiltration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the lungs, and the preventive effect of CFPs on tumor growth required NK and CD8 T cells. Furthermore, CFPs combined with anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody (Ab) improved the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-L1 Ab against lung cancer. Therefore, these data demonstrated that the intranasal administration of CFP induced mucosal immunity against lung cancer.
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23
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Chou CL, Chen TJ, Tian YF, Chan TC, Yeh CF, Li WS, Tsai HH, Li CF, Lai HY. Upregulated MUC2 Is an Unfavorable Prognostic Indicator for Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Preoperative CCRT. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143030. [PMID: 34300195 PMCID: PMC8304358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For locally advanced rectal cancer patients, introducing neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) before radical resection allows tumor downstaging and increases the rate of anus retention. Since accurate staging before surgery and sensitivity prediction to CCRT remain challenging, a more precise genetic biomarker is urgently needed to enhance the management of such situations. The epithelial mucous barrier can protect the gut lumen, but aberrant mucin synthesis may defend against drug penetration. In this study, we focused on genes related to maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium (GO: 0030277) and identified mucin 2 (MUC2) as the most significantly upregulated gene correlated with CCRT resistance through a public rectal cancer transcriptome dataset (GSE35452). We retrieved 172 records of rectal cancer patients undergoing CCRT accompanied by radical resection from our biobank. We also assessed the expression level of MUC2 using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that upregulated MUC2 immunoexpression was considerably correlated with the pre-CCRT and post-CCRT positive nodal status (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001), advanced pre-CCRT and post-CCRT tumor status (p = 0.022 and p < 0.001), vascular invasion (p = 0.015), and no or little response to CCRT (p = 0.006). Upregulated MUC2 immunoexpression was adversely prognostic for all three endpoints, disease-specific survival (DSS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (all p < 0.0001), at the univariate level. Moreover, upregulated MUC2 immunoexpression was an independent prognostic factor for worse DSS (p < 0.001), LRFS (p = 0.008), and MeFS (p = 0.003) at the multivariate level. Collectively, these results imply that upregulated MUC2 expression is characterized by a more advanced clinical course and treatment resistance in rectal cancer patients undergoing CCRT, revealing the potential prognostic utility of MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Chou
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (Y.-F.T.)
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (H.-H.T.)
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (Y.-F.T.)
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Taiwan;
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hwa Tsai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (H.-H.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (H.-H.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
| | - Hong-Yue Lai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (T.-J.C.); (H.-H.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (H.-Y.L.)
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24
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Önder Narin G, Aydın B, Cabadak H. Studies on the role of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in K562 cell proliferation and signaling. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5045-5055. [PMID: 34143396 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The results we obtained from this study gave information about the determination of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nACh) expression in human erythroleukemia cells, as well as whether it has a role in calcium release and cell proliferation in the presence of nicotinic agonist, antagonists. Determining the roles of α7 nicotinic receptors in erythroleukemia cells will also contribute to leukemia-related signal transduction studies. This study is primarily to determine the role of nicotinic agonists and antagonists in cell proliferation, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression, and calcium release. The aim of this study, which is a continuation and an important part of our previous studies on the cholinergic system, has contributed to the literature on the human erythroleukemia cell signaling mechanism. Cell viability was evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion test and Bromodeoxyuridine/5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Acetylcholine, nicotinic alpha 7 receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate, and cholinergic antagonist atropine were used to determine the role of α7-nACh in K562 cell proliferation. In our experiments, the fluorescence spectrophotometer was used in Ca2+ measurements. The expression of nicotinic alpha 7 receptor was evaluated by western blot. The stimulating effect of acetylcholine in K562 cell proliferation was reversed by both the α7 nicotinic antagonist methyllycaconitine citrate and the cholinergic antagonist, atropine. Methyllycaconitine citrate inhibited K562 cell proliferation partially explained the roles of nicotinic receptors in signal transduction. While ACh caused an increase in intracellular Ca2+, methyllycaconitine citrate decreased intracellular Ca2+ level in K562 cell. The effects of nicotinic agonists and/or antagonists on erythroleukemic cells on proliferation, calcium level contributed to the interaction of nicotinic receptors with different signaling pathways. Proliferation mechanisms in erythroleukemic cells are under the control of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor via calcium influx and different signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Önder Narin
- Department of Biophysics, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Banu Aydın
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük Health Campus, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük Health Campus, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey.
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25
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Afrashteh Nour M, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Kheradmand F, Asadzadeh Z, Bolandi N, Baradaran B. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in chemotherapeutic drugs resistance: An emerging targeting candidate. Life Sci 2021; 278:119557. [PMID: 33930371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is no definitive cure for cancer, and most of the current chemotherapy drugs have limited effects due to the development of drug resistance and toxicity at high doses. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for identifying the causes of chemotherapeutic resistance, and it will be possible to develop innovative treatment approaches based on these novel targeting candidates. Cigarette smoking is known to be one of the main causes of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Nicotine as a component of cigarette smoke is an exogenous activator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). It can inhibit apoptosis, increase cell proliferation and cell survival, reducing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs and cause a reduced therapeutic response. Recent studies have demonstrated that nAChRs and their downstream signaling pathways have considerable implications in different cancer's initiation, progression, and chemoresistance. In some previous studies, nAChRs have been targeted to obtain better efficacies for chemotherapeutics. Besides, nAChRs-based therapies have been used in combination with chemotherapy drugs to reduce the side effects. This strategy requires lower doses of chemotherapy drugs compared to the conditions that must be used alone. Here, we discussed the experimental and clinical studies that show the nAChRs involvement in response to chemotherapy agents. Also, controversies relating to the effects of nAChR on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis are in our focus in this review article. Delineating the complex influences of nAChRs would be of great interest in establishing new effective chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Afrashteh Nour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khalil Hajiasgharzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadia Bolandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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