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Premnath BJ, Alamelu S, Rajendran GR, Bichandarkoil Jayaram P, Krishnan H, Kamaraj SK, Thirumurugan A, Alshehri MA, Sayed S, Srinivasan MK, Panneerselvam C. Evaluation of immunotoxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles on coelomocytes of Eisenia fetida. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39039826 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2373794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have gained considerable attention due to their diverse applications in various fields. However, concerns about their potential toxic effects on the environment and living organisms have also emerged. In this study, we synthesized and characterized Fe3O4 NPs and assessed their immunotoxicity on the coelomocytes of Eisenia fetida. The Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized using a co-precipitation method, and their physicochemical properties were determined using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized Fe3O4 NPs exhibited a uniform size distribution with spherical morphology and the phase purity was confirmed from XRD analysis. To evaluate the immunotoxicity of Fe3O4 NPs, Eisenia fetida coelomocytes were exposed to various concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs for 14 days. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of Fe3O4 NPs on the biochemical parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (APs), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total protein content (TPC), as well as conducted a histological examination. Biochemical analysis revealed significant alterations in the activity levels of SOD, CAT, APs, ALP, and TPC in the coelomocytes, indicating immune system dysregulation upon exposure to Fe3O4 NPs. Moreover, histological examination demonstrated structural changes, suggesting cellular damage caused by Fe3O4 NPs. These findings provide valuable insights into the immunotoxic effects of Fe3O4 NPs on Eisenia fetida and underscore the need for further investigation into the potential environmental impact of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briska Jifrina Premnath
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Saravanan Alamelu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Gokul Raj Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | | | - Harish Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Kamaraj
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)-Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Altamira (CICATA-Altamira), Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira Km 14.5, Tamps, Mexico
| | - Arun Thirumurugan
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - Chellasamy Panneerselvam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Le Wee J, Law MC, Chan YS, Choy SY, Tiong ANT. The Potential of Fe‐Based Magnetic Nanomaterials for the Agriculture Sector. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Le Wee
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Ming Chiat Law
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Sook Yan Choy
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Angnes Ngieng Tze Tiong
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Malaysia CDT 250 98009 Miri Sarawak Malaysia
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