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Batheja S, Gupta S, Tejavath KK, Gupta U. TPP-based conjugates: potential targeting ligands. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103983. [PMID: 38641237 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the major sources of energy as well as regulators of cancer cell metabolism. Thus, they are potential targets for the effective treatment and management of cancer. Research has explored triphenylphosphonium (TPP) derivatives as potent cancer-targeting ligands because of their lipophilic nature and mitochondrial affinity. In this review, we summarize the utility of TPP-based conjugates targeting mitochondria in different types of cancer and other diseases, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Such conjugates offer versatile therapeutic potential by modulating membrane potential, influencing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and coupling of molecular modifications (such as ATP metabolism and energy metabolism). Thus, we highlight TPP conjugates as promising mitochondria-targeting agents for use in targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Batheja
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Shruti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, BIBINAGAR, Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR), Telangana 508126, India.
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Nanopolymeric Drug Delivery Lab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, India.
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Alzain AA, Elbadwi FA, Mukhtar RM, Shoaib TH, Abdelmoniem N, Miski SF, Ghazawi KF, Alsulaimany M, Mohamed SGA, Ainousah BE, Hussein HGA, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM. Design of new Mcl-1 inhibitors for cancer using fragments hybridization, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37962580 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2281637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical process that regulates cell survival and death and plays an essential role in cancer development. The Bcl-2 protein family, including myeloid leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), is a key regulator of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and its overexpression in many human cancers has prompted efforts to develop Mcl-1 inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. In this study, we aimed to design new Mcl-1 inhibitors using various computational techniques. First, we used the Mcl-1 receptor-ligand complex to build an e-pharmacophore hypothesis and screened a library of 567,000 fragments from the Enamine database. We obtained 410 fragments and used them to design 92,384 novel compounds, which we then docked into the Mcl-1 binding cavity using HTVS, SP, and XP docking modes of Glide. To assess their suitability as drug candidates, we conducted MM-GBSA calculations and ADME prediction, leading to the identification of 10 compounds with excellent binding affinity and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. To further investigate the interaction strength, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the top three Mcl-1 receptor-ligand complexes to study their interaction stability. Overall, our findings suggest that these compounds have promising potential as anticancer agents, pending further experimental validation such as Mcl-1 apoptosis Assay. By combining experimental methods with various in silico approaches, these techniques prove to be invaluable for identifying novel drug candidates with distinct therapeutic applications using fragment-based drug design. This methodology has the potential to expedite the drug discovery process while also reducing its costs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Fatima A Elbadwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Rua M Mukhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Tagyedeen H Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Nihal Abdelmoniem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
| | - Samar F Miski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud F Ghazawi
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Alsulaimany
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bayan E Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem G A Hussein
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Das A, Greco G, Kumar S, Catanzaro E, Morigi R, Locatelli A, Schols D, Alici H, Tahtaci H, Ravindran F, Fimognari C, Karki SS. Synthesis, in vitro cytotoxicity, molecular docking and ADME study of some indolin-2-one linked 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 97:107641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Synthesis, photochemistry and computational study of novel 1,2,3-triazole heterostilbenes: Expressed biological activity of their electrocyclization photoproducts. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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