Oleic acid as a restorative agent in alleviating adrenaline induced altered morphofunctional milieu of gastric tissue and mitochondria

Antiulcer activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) pulp oil: An edible Amazonian species with functional properties

Mauritia flexuosa, known as buriti in Brazil, is a widespread palm tree in Amazonia. It has many ethnobotanical uses, including food, oil, and medicine. The oil obtained from buriti's fruit pulp has high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols, and is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries for its antioxidant properties. Many biological activities have been reported for buriti oil, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, chemopreventive, and immunomodulatory. Due to its high content of bioactive compounds, buriti oil is considered a functional ingredient with possible benefits in preventing oxidative stress and chronic diseases, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder, involving lesions in the stomach and duodenum mucosa, which has a complex healing process. In this context, some nutrients and bioactive compounds help the maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and function, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acids, which makes buriti oil an interesting candidate to be used in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antiulcer effects of buriti oil and its possible mechanisms of action. Buriti oil reduced the ulcerative area and lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol. The gastroprotective activity of buriti oil partially depends on nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds. In acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers, buriti oil accelerated healing and stimulated the formation of new gastric glands. These results demonstrated the potential of buriti oil as a functional ingredient to promote health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract.

Oleic acid prevents erythrocyte death by preserving haemoglobin and erythrocyte membrane proteins

Haemolysis of erythrocytes upon exposure to haemato-toxic phenylhydrazine (PHZ), makes it an experimental model of anaemia and a partial model of β-thalassaemia, where oxidative stress (OS) was identified as principal causative factor. Oleic acid (OA) was evidenced to ameliorate such stress with antioxidative potential. Erythrocytes were incubated in vitro using 1 mM PHZ, 0.06 nM OA. Erythrocyte membrane protein densities and haemoglobin (Hb) status were examined. Any interaction of Hb with PHZ/OA was checked by calorimetric and spectroscopic analysis using pure molecules. Occurrence of erythrocyte apoptosis and involvement of free iron in all groups were evaluated. PHZ exposure to erythrocytes results in OS with subsequent apoptosis as evidenced from increased lipid peroxidation and translocation of phosphatidylserine in outer membrane. Preservations of erythrocyte cytoskeletal architecture and membrane bound enzyme activity were found in presence of OA. Moreover, both heme and globin of Hb was examined to be conserved by OA. Presence of OA, impeded apoptosis also, possibly by thwarting Hb breakdown followed by free iron release and consequent free radical generation. Additionally, direct sequential binding of OA with PHZ endorsed another protective mechanism of OA toward erythrocytes. OA affords protection to erythrocytes by conserving its major components and prevents haemolysis which projects OA as a haemato-protective agent. Apart from combating PHZ toxicity, anti-apoptotic action of OA strongly suggests its usage in anaemia and β-thalassaemia patients to curb irreversible erythrocyte breakdown. This research strongly recommends OA in pure form or from dietary sources as a therapeutic against haemolytic disorders.

Understanding fatty acid composition and lipid profile of rapeseed oil in response to nitrogen management strategies

The fatty acid composition of rapeseed seeds plays an important role in oil quality for human nutrition and a healthy diet. A deeper understanding of fatty acid composition and lipid profiles in response to different nitrogen managements is critical for producing healthier rapeseed oil for the human diet. The fatty acid composition and lipid profiles were characterized through targeted GC-MS and lipidomics analysis (UPLC-MS) in this study. The results showed that nitrogen management significantly altered the fatty acid composition, thereby influencing oil quality when it is used to maximize the seed yield of rapeseed. Several fatty acid components (particularly oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid) decreased significantly with increasing N application rate. A total of 1212 differential lipids in response to different N levels in the two varieties were clearly identified, that can be categorized into five classes, including 815 glycerolipids (GLs), 195 glycerophospholipids (GPs), 155 sphingolipids (SPs), 32 sterols (STs), and 15 fatty acyls (FAs). These differential lipids are likely to participate in lipid metabolism and signal transduction. Co-expression lipid modules were determined, and the key lipids, such as triglyceride (20:0/16:0/16:0; 18:0/18:1/18:3; 8:0/11:3/18:1), were found to be strongly related to several predominant fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid. The results further imply that some identified lipids are involved with lipid metabolism and could affect the fatty acid composition, which provide a theoretical guidance for increasing seed oil in Brassica napus.

Vitamin C modulates adrenaline-augmented gastric injury via cardiac troponin/creatine kinase pathway in Wistar rats

Objectives

Vitamin C has anti-oxidant benefits in the gastrointestinal tract and heart. This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on some gastric parameters in myocardial injury in rats.

Materials and Methods

Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). Group 1 was the control and Group 2 (ADR) received 1 mg/kg of adrenaline subcutaneously on days 13 and 14. Group 3 received vitamin C (200 mg/kg) orally for 14 days. Group 4 received adrenaline (1 mg/kg) on days 1 and 2 and vitamin C from days 1 to 14. Group 5 received vitamin C till day 14 and adrenaline on days 13 and 14. All animals were sacrificed after 2 hr of pyloric ligation. Gastric secretion parameters were assessed while a blood sample was obtained for biochemical analysis.

Results

Gastric juice volume, total gastric acidity, pepsin activity, cardiac troponin 1, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased (P<0.05) in ADR only group relative to the control. Pre- and post-vitamin C treatment reduced (P<0.05) these markers to near normal. However, treatment with vitamin C reduced (P<0.05) ulcer score, and increased (P<0.05) pepsin activity, mucus weight, and serum vitamin C levels when compared with the ADR-only group. Pre-treatment with vitamin C resulted in a marked decrease (P<0.05) in gastric juice volume, pepsin activity, and total gastric acidity compared with post-treatment in the adrenaline-induced injury group.

Conclusion

Vitamin C pretreatment reduces excessive gastric secretions, ulcer scores, and attenuates cardio-inflammatory responses in adrenaline-augmented myocardial injury in rats.

A Comparison of Lipid Contents in Different Types of Peanut Cultivars Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-Based Lipidomic Study

Peanuts are a rich dietary source of lipids, which are essential for human health. In this study, the lipid contents of 13 peanut cultivars were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC–MS. The OXITEST reactor was used to test their lipid oxidation stabilities. A total of 27 subclasses, 229 individual lipids were detected. The combined analysis of lipid and oxidation stability showed that lipid unsaturation was inversely correlated with oxidation stability. Moreover, lipid profiles differed significantly among the different peanut cultivars. A total of 11 lipid molecules (TG 18:2/18:2/18:2, TG 24:0/18:2/18:3, TG 20:5/14:1/18:2, TG 18:2/14:1/18:2, PE 17:0/18:2, BisMePA 18:2/18:2, PG 38:5, PMe 18:1/18:1, PC 18:1/18:1, MGDG 18:1/18:1, TG 10:0/10:1/18:1) might be employed as possible indicators to identify high oleic acid (OA) and non-high OA peanut cultivars, based on the PLS-DA result of lipid molecules with a VIP value greater than 2. This comprehensive analysis will help in the rational selection and application of peanut cultivars.