1
|
Liu X. Distributionally robust optimization scheduling of port energy system considering hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27615. [PMID: 38495189 PMCID: PMC10943447 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to effectively address the uncertainty risks of port energy system caused by intermittence and fluctuation of renewable energy, this paper proposes a scheduling method for port energy system based on distributionally robust optimization (DRO) considering ammonia synthesis after hydrogen production by water electrolysis (P2H2A), and uses real data from Tianjin Port for example analysis. The calculation results show that 1 h selected for the scheduling interval of P2H2A is reasonable, it can ensure that the ammonia synthesis reaction transitions smoothly to the new steady state, and the temperature and pressure of the ammonia converter meet safety constraints. The two-stage scheduling of port energy system based on DRO can be divided into pre-scheduling in the day-ahead stage and rescheduling in the intraday stage, which can improve the capacity of anti-risk for stochastic optimization and overcome the conservatism of robust optimization, and consider economy and robustness. Moreover, the rescheduling decision can be transformed to a prediction error function, the result of two-stage scheduling based on DRO is the pre-scheduling result, which is between the cost of stochastic optimization and robust optimization. As the Wasserstein distance-based sphere radius increases, the pre-scheduling cost of DRO gradually deviates from risk neutral stochastic optimization and leans towards risk averse robust optimization. When the Wasserstein distance-based sphere radius remains constant, the variance gradually decreases as the number of scenarios increases, which can promote the Wasserstein distance-based fuzzy set to converge to the true distribution. When the number of scenarios is greater than 15, the pre-scheduling cost will no longer fluctuate significantly, and the calculation time is in the range of 1200 s-6600 s. It can meet the demands of day-ahead scheduling calculation time. Therefore, the scheduling model has outstanding advantages in the computing time to improve the flexibility and economy of Tianjin Port's energy system scheduling, considering ammonia synthesis after hydrogen production using renewable energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Liu
- China Power Engineering Consulting Group CO.,LTD., Ande Road 65, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100120, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
jasim DJ, Al-Rubaye AH, Kolsi L, Khan SU, Aich W, Marefati M. A fuel gas waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a LNG cold energy process, a water desalination unit, and a CO 2 separation process. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26692. [PMID: 38434081 PMCID: PMC10906402 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of the multigeneration plants based on the simultaneous production of water and energy can solve many of the current problems of these two major fields. In addition, the integration of fossil power plants with waste heat recovery processes in order to prevent the release of pollutants in the environment can simultaneously cover the environmental and thermodynamic improvements. Besides, the addition of a carbon dioxide (CO2) capturing cycles with such plants is a key issue towards a sustainable environment. Accordingly, a novel waste heat recovery-based multigeneration plant integrated with a carbon dioxide separation/liquefaction cycle is proposed and investigated under multi-variable assessments (energy/exergy, financial, and environmental). The offered multigeneration system is able to generate various beneficial outputs (electricity, liquefied CO2 (L-CO2), natural gas (NG), and freshwater). In the offered system, the liquified natural gas (LNG) cold energy is used to carry out condensation processes, which is a relatively new idea. Based on the results, the outputs rates of net power, NG, L-CO2, and water were determined to be approximately 42.72 MW and 18.01E+03, 612 and 3.56E+03 kmol/h, respectively. Moreover, the multigeneration plant was efficient about 32.08% and 87.72%, respectively, in terms of energy and exergy. Economic estimates indicated that the unit product costs of electricity and liquefied carbon dioxide production, respectively, were around 0.0466 USD per kWh and 0.0728 USD per kg-CO2. Finally, the total released CO2 was about 0.034 kg per kWh. According to a comprehensive comparison, the offered multigeneration plant can provide superior environmental, thermodynamic, and economic performances compared to similar plants. Moreover, there was no need to purchase electricity from the grid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dheyaa J. jasim
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Amarah University College, Maysan, Iraq
| | - Ameer H. Al-Rubaye
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Al-Kitab University, Altun Kupri, Iraq
| | - Lioua Kolsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Meteorology and Energy Systems, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Sami Ullah Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Namal University, Mianwali, 42250, Pakistan
| | - Walid Aich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il City, 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Meteorology and Energy Systems, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Marefati
- Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barbosa R, Escobar B, Sánchez VM, Ortegón J. Effects of the size and cost reduction on a discounted payback period and levelized cost of energy of a zero-export photovoltaic system with green hydrogen storage. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16707. [PMID: 37287605 PMCID: PMC10241860 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zero-export photovoltaic systems are an option to transition to Smart Grids. They decarbonize the sector without affecting third parties. This paper proposes the analysis of a zero-export PVS with a green hydrogen generation and storage system. This configuration is feasible to apply by any self-generation entity; it allows the user to increase their resilience and independence from the electrical network. The technical issue is simplified because the grid supplies no power. The main challenge is finding an economic balance between the savings in electricity billing, proportional to the local electricity rate, and the complete system's investment, operation, and maintenance expenses. This manuscript presents the effects of the power sizing on the efficacy of economic savings in billing (ηSaving) and the effects of the cost reduction on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and a discounted payback period (DPP) based on net present value. In addition, this study established an analytical relationship between LCOE and DPP. The designed methodology proposes to size and selects systems to use and store green hydrogen from the zero-export photovoltaic system. The input data in the case study are obtained experimentally from the Autonomous University of the State of Quintana Roo, located on Mexico's southern border. The maximum power of the load is LPmax = 500 kW, and the average power is LPmean = 250 kW; the tariff of the electricity network operator has hourly conditions for a medium voltage demand. A suggested semi-empirical equation allows for determining the efficiency of the fuel cell and electrolyzer as a function of the local operating conditions and the nominal power of the components. The analytical strategy, the energy balance equations, and the identity functions that delimit the operating conditions are detailed to be generalized to other case studies. The results are obtained by a computer code programmed in C++ language. According to our boundary conditions, results show no significant savings generated by the installation of the hydrogen system when the zero-export photovoltaic system Power ≤ LPmax and DPP ≤ 20 years is possible only with LCOE ≤ 0.1 $/kWh. Specifically for the Mexico University case study, zero-export photovoltaic system cost must be less than 310 $/kW, fuel cell cost less than 395 $/kW, and electrolyzer cost less than 460 $/kW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romeli Barbosa
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, C 43 No 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, C 43 No 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Sánchez
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal, 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Ortegón
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal, 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Research on energy utilization of wind-hydrogen coupled energy storage power generation system. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
5
|
Agyekum EB, Ampah JD, Wilberforce T, Afrane S, Nutakor C. Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1103. [PMID: 36363658 PMCID: PMC9698372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related to their evolutionary nuances and research hotspots remain largely unanswered. To fill this gap, the current review uses bibliometric analysis to analyze PEMFC articles indexed in the Scopus database that were published between 2000-2021. It has been revealed that the research field is growing at an annual average growth rate of 19.35%, with publications from 2016 to 2012 alone making up 46% of the total articles available since 2000. As the two most energy-consuming economies in the world, the contributions made towards the progress of PEMFC research have largely been from China and the US. From the research trend found in this investigation, it is clear that the focus of the researchers in the field has largely been to improve the performance and efficiency of PEMFC and its components, which is evident from dominating keywords or phrases such as 'oxygen reduction reaction', 'electrocatalysis', 'proton exchange membrane', 'gas diffusion layer', 'water management', 'polybenzimidazole', 'durability', and 'bipolar plate'. We anticipate that the provision of the research themes that have emerged in the PEMFC field in the last two decades from the scientific mapping technique will guide existing and prospective researchers in the field going forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tabbi Wilberforce
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sandylove Afrane
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Christabel Nutakor
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo P.O. Box 24, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Heat and power cogeneration plants based on fuel cells are interesting systems for energy- conversion at low environmental impact. Various fuel cells have been proposed, of which proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the most frequently used. However, experimental testing rigs are expensive, and the development of commercial systems is time consuming if based on fully experimental activities. Furthermore, tight control of the operation of fuel cells is compulsory to avoid damage, and such control must be based on accurate models, able to predict cell behaviour and prevent stresses and shutdown. Additionally, when used for mobile applications, intrinsically dynamic operation is needed. Some selected examples of steady-state, dynamic and fluid-dynamic modelling of different types of fuel cells are here proposed, mainly dealing with PEMFC and SOFC types. The general ideas behind the thermodynamic, kinetic and transport description are discussed, with some examples of models derived for single cells, stacks and integrated power cogeneration units. This review can be considered an introductory picture of the modelling methods for these devices, to underline the different approaches and the key aspects to be taken into account. Examples of different scales and multi-scale modelling are also provided.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramírez-Restrepo R, Sagastume-Gutiérrez A, Cabello-Eras J, Hernández B, Duarte-Forero J. Experimental study of the potential for thermal energy recovery with thermoelectric devices in low displacement diesel engines. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08273. [PMID: 34765787 PMCID: PMC8571090 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the thermal efficiency of internal combustion engines is essential to reduce the operating costs and complaints with the increasing environmental requirements. Thermoelectric generators came up as an opportunity to reuse part of the heat loss with the exhausts. This paper evaluates the performance of a thermoelectric generator to improve the efficiency of a stationary diesel engine under different rotational speeds and torques. The data was obtained through CFD simulations and validated with experiments. The proposed solution uses a cooling system to control the temperature of the thermoelectric modules. The results show that the torque and the rotational speed of the engine are the most significant performance parameters of the thermoelectric generator, while the influence of the cooling water temperature has a minor but still significant influence. Additionally, the results show a change from 1.3% to 6.2% in the thermoelectric generator efficiency, while the exergy efficiency varies between 1.8% and 7.9%. The exergy balance indicates that most of the exergy is loss because of the irreversibilities in the thermoelectric generator and of the exergy loss with the exhausts. The exergy loss can be reduced by optimizing the design of the heat exchanger. Since the thermoelectric generator improved the engine efficiency by a marginal 0.2%-0.8%. Therefore, it is important to further research how to improve the design of heat exchangers for thermoelectric generators to increase their energy conversion efficiency and their impact on the energy efficiency of internal combustion engines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ramírez-Restrepo
- KAI Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Department of Energy, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - A Sagastume-Gutiérrez
- Department of Energy, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - J Cabello-Eras
- Department of Energy, Universidad de la Costa CUC, Calle 58 Número 55 - 66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - B Hernández
- KAI Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - J Duarte-Forero
- KAI Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Analysis of the Influence of Textured Surfaces and Lubrication Conditions on the Tribological Performance between the Compression Ring and Cylinder Liner. LUBRICANTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/lubricants9050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation is to analyze the tribological performance between the union of the cylinder liner and the compression ring under the influence of surface texturing and different lubrication boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out by developing a numerical model, which involves hydrodynamic pressure, lubrication film thickness, textured surface, dynamic forces, and lubrication boundary conditions (starved lubrication and fully flooded lubrication). MATLAB® software (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA, USA) is used to solve the equations developed. The results show that the application of a textured surface on the cylinder liner allows obtaining a reduction of 20% and 5% in the asperity contact force and in the total friction force. Additionally, the textured surface allows for a 4% increase in MOFT. In this way, it is possible to reduce the power loss. The implementation of a boundary condition of fully flooded lubrication produces an overestimation in the total friction force due to the greater prominence of the lubrication film. Implementing a textured surface in the ring profile is an alternative way to reduce power loss. The results show that this alternative allows an 8% reduction in power loss.
Collapse
|