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Reale S, Biancolillo A, Foschi M, D'Archivio AA. Characterization of the Volatile Profiles of Insect Flours by (HS)-SPME/GC-MS: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073075. [PMID: 37049837 PMCID: PMC10095912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing world population, combined with scarcities of agricultural land, water, forest, fisheries, and biodiversity resources, makes it necessary to search for alternative sources of nutrients. For this reason, in recent years, edible insects have been introduced into the diet, even in areas where entomophagy is not traditional. In light of this, the present study aims at characterizing the aromatic profile of three edible insects flours: cricket (Acheta domesticus, CP), buffalo worm (Alphitobius diaperinus, BW), and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, MW). This goal has been achieved by means of an (HS)-SPME/GC-MS strategy. 67 compounds have been tentatively identified; of these, 27 are present only in the CP and BW flours, while 10 are common in all three flours. The compound with the highest peak's relative area in gas chromatograms of CP and BW flours is hexadecanoic acid, while in MW it is 1-heptylpyrrolidin-2-one. In general, we have observed that CP and BW flours have 37 compounds in common, and their volatile compositions along with their profiles are more similar to each other than to MW profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biancolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina Foschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonio D'Archivio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Al-Otaibi T, Hawsah MA, Alojayri G, Mares MM, Aljawdah HMA, Maodaa SN, Al-Shaebi EM, Dkhil MA, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S, Abdel-Gaber R. In vivo anticoccidial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of avocado fruit, Persea americana (Lauraceae), against Eimeria papillata infection. Parasitol Int 2023; 95:102741. [PMID: 36871789 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites, especially Eimeria sp., are the main intestinal murine pathogens, that lead to severe injuries to farm and domestic animals. Many anticoccidial drugs are available for coccidiosis, which, leads to the development of drug-resistant parasites. Recently, natural products are considered as an alternative agent to control coccidiosis. This study was designed to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the Persea americana fruit extract (PAFE) in male C57BL/6 mice. A total of 35 male mice were divided into seven equal groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). At day 0, all groups except the first group which served as uninfected-untreated control were infected orally with 1 × 103E. papillata sporulated oocysts. Group 2 served as uninfected-treated control. Group 3 was considered an infected-untreated group. After 60 min of infection, groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with oral doses of PAFE aqueous methanolic extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). Group 7 was treated with amprolium (a reference drug for coccidiosis). PAFE with 500 mg/kg, was the most effective dose, inducing a significant reduction in the output of oocysts in mice feces (by about 85.41%), accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of the developmental parasite stages and a significant elevation of the goblet cells in the jejunal tissues. Upon treatment, a significant change in the oxidative status due to E. papillata infection was observed, where the levels of glutathione (GSH) increased, while, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. In addition, the infection significantly upregulated the inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This increase in mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ was about 8.3, 10.6, and 4.5-fold, respectively, which significantly downregulated upon treatment. Collectively, P. americana is a promising medicinal plant with anticoccidial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be used for the treatment of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysar Abu Hawsah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada Alojayri
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Mares
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M A Aljawdah
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh N Maodaa
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Felwa A Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Adelusi OA, Gbashi S, Adebiyi JA, Makhuvele R, Adebo OA, Aasa AO, Targuma S, Kah G, Njobeh PB. Variability in metabolites produced by Talaromyces pinophilus SPJ22 cultured on different substrates. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 36307838 PMCID: PMC9617411 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-022-00145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several metabolites released by fungal species are an essential source of biologically active natural substances. Gas chromatography high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-HRTOF-MS) is one of the techniques used in profiling the metabolites produced by microorganisms, including Talaromyces pinophilus. However, there is limited information regarding differential substrates’ impacts on this fungal strain’s metabolite profiling. This study examined the metabolite profile of T. pinophilus strain SPJ22 cultured on three different media, including solid czapek yeast extract agar (CYA), malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) using GC-HRTOF-MS. The mycelia including the media were plugged and dissolved in 5 different organic solvents with varying polarities viz.: acetonitrile, dichloromethane, hexane, 80% methanol and water, and extracts analysed on GC-HRTOF-MS. Results The study revealed the presence of different classes of metabolites, such as fatty acids (2.13%), amides (4.26%), alkanes (34.04%), furan (2.13%), ketones (4.26%), alcohols (14.89%), aromatic compounds (6.38%), and other miscellaneous compounds (17.02%). Significant metabolites such as acetic acid, 9-octadecenamide, undecanoic acid methyl ester, hydrazine, hexadecane, nonadecane, eicosane, and other compounds reported in this study have been widely documented to have plant growth promoting, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and biofuel properties. Furthermore, T. pinophilus grown on PDA and MEA produced more than twice as many compounds as that grown on CYA. Conclusion Thus, our result showed that the production of essential metabolites from T. pinophilus is substrate dependent, with many of these metabolites known to have beneficial characteristics, and as such, this organism can be utilised as a sustainable and natural source for these useful organic molecules. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40694-022-00145-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Abayomi Adelusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sefater Gbashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Janet Adeyinka Adebiyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Rhulani Makhuvele
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Adeola Oluwakemi Aasa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sarem Targuma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Glory Kah
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Patrick Berka Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O.BOX 17011, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Oyeyinka SA, Gbashi S, A. Onarinde B, Adebo OA, Njobeh PB. Metabolite profile of raw and cooked pasta from whole wheat grain enriched with Bambara groundnut. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samson A. Oyeyinka
- Centre of Excellence in Agr‐food Technologies, National Centre for Food Manufacturing University of Lincoln Holbeach, PE12 7PT UK
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus Gauteng South Africa
| | - Sefater Gbashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus Gauteng South Africa
| | - Bukola A. Onarinde
- Centre of Excellence in Agr‐food Technologies, National Centre for Food Manufacturing University of Lincoln Holbeach, PE12 7PT UK
| | - Oluwafemi A. Adebo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus Gauteng South Africa
| | - Patrick B. Njobeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus Gauteng South Africa
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