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Lu HR, Mao CY, Zhang LJ, He JW, Wang XS, Zhang XY, Fan WL, Huang ZZ, Zong L, Cui CH, Wu FM, Wang XL, Zou Z, Li XY, Ge SQ. High-quality reference genome of cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Sci Data 2024; 11:799. [PMID: 39025902 PMCID: PMC11258224 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03638-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Callosobruchus maculatus is one of the most competitive stored grain pests, which causes a great loss to agricultural economy. However, due to an inadequacy of high-quality reference genome, the molecular mechanisms for olfactory and hypoxic adaptations to stored environments are unknown and require to be revealed urgently, which will contribute to the detection and prevention of the invasive pests C. maculatus. Here, we presented a high-quality chromosome-level genome of C. maculatus based on Illumina, Nanopore and Hi-C sequencing data. The total size was 1.2 Gb, and 65.17% (797.47 Mb) of it was identified to be repeat sequences. Among assembled chromosomes, chromosome 10 was considered the X chromosome according to the evidence of reads coverage and homologous genes among species. The current version of high-quality genome provides preferable data resources for the adaptive evolution research of C. maculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Yang Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Science and Technical Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wu He
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China
| | - Xie-Shuang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Li Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zheng-Zhong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Le Zong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Han Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Feng-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Yunnan, 650223, China.
| | - Si-Qin Ge
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Guru PN, Kumar V, Nancy M, Sharma A, Yadav DN. Microwave assisted disinfestation of green gram ( Vigna radiata L.) infested with pulse beetle, Callasobruchus maculatus (F.). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1355-1362. [PMID: 38910919 PMCID: PMC11190097 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulse beetle (Callasobruchus maculatus) is a common infestation during storage of legumes in India, and presently being managed by chemical fumigation. In the present investigation, a non-chemical method based on dielectric heating by microwaves (900 W, 2450 MHz) was studied for disinfestation of green gram at different grain layer thickness (5, 10, 15 and 20 mm) and exposure durations (0-60 s). The susceptibility (LT95) of different stages was in the order of egg (31.668 s) > grub (40.388 s) > pupa (44.176 s) > adult (49.018 s). The adult was tolerant up to 50 s (R2-0.799, P < 0.01) to microwave exposure duration without green gram, and up to 30 s (R2-0.804, P < 0.01) with green gram. Hundred percent mortality was observed at 10 mm (30 s, R2-0.969, P < 0.01) and 15 mm (30 s, R2-0.972, P < 0.01) grain layer thickness without significantly affecting grain quality. Cooking time and germination did not vary significantly up to 30 s of exposure, thereafter, reduced significantly. However, water uptake did not vary significantly up to 60 s of exposure. The microwave radiations are found effective for disinfestations of green gram without significantly affecting the grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. N. Guru
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Virinder Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - M. Nancy
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - A. Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Deep Narayan Yadav
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Ibrahim SS, Elbehery HH, Samy A. The efficacy of green silica nanoparticles synthesized from rice straw in the management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col., Bruchidae). Sci Rep 2024; 14:8834. [PMID: 38632298 PMCID: PMC11024198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice straw, a byproduct of harvesting rice, must be disposed of by farmers in a variety of ways, including burning, which is hazardous for the environment. To address this issue, the straw needs to be utilized and turned into valuable products. One such product is nano-silica (SNPs), which will be synthesized and investigated in our study as a safe alternative to chemical insecticides. Rice straw-derived SNPs were synthesized using the Sol-Gel method. The contact toxicity of SNPs on Callosobruchus maculatus, a major pest of cowpea seeds, has been assessed. The size of synthesized SNPs was determined by transmission electron microscopy to be ~ 4 nm. The SNPs estimated LC50 on C. maculatus adults was 88.170 ppm after 48h exposure. By raising the tested concentration, SNPs treatment increased the mortality%, which reached 100% at 200 ppm exposures. Additionally, SNPs at LC50 treatment decreased adult longevity and the average number of emerged adults. The findings also verified that SNPs had no phytotoxic effects on the cowpea seeds germination. Rather, their application improved seed germination efficacy. This study proposed that rice straw can be utilized to manufacture highly efficient SNPs which can be efficiently employed to preserve stored grains from C. maculatus infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayed Ibrahim
- Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Huda Hassan Elbehery
- Department of Pests and Plant Protection, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samy
- Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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Agour A, Mssillou I, Allali A, Chebaibi M, El Abdali Y, El Barnossi A, Bin Jardan YA, Wondmie GF, Nafidi HA, Bourhia M, Bari A, Lyoussi B, Derwich E. Pharmacological activities of chemically characterized essential oils from Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.). Front Chem 2023; 11:1251449. [PMID: 37867997 PMCID: PMC10587419 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1251449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed at characterizing the phytochemical composition of Haplophyllum tuberculatum essential oil (HTEO), assessing its antifungal activity against various fungal strains, evaluating its insecticidal and repulsive properties against Callosobruchus maculatus, and determine its antioxidant capacity. To this end, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis detected 34 compounds in HTEO, with β-Caryophyllene being the major constituent (36.94%). HTEO demonstrated predominantly modest antifungal effects, however, it sustains notable activity, particularly against Aspergillus flavus, with an inhibition rate of 76.50% ± 0.60%. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 20.53 ± 5.08 to 76.26 ± 5.08 mg/mL, effectively inhibiting fungal growth. Furthermore, the antifungal, and antioxidant activities of HTEO were evaluated in silico against the proteins Aspergillus flavus FAD glucose dehydrogenase, and beta-1,4-endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger, NAD(P)H Oxidase. Moreover, HTEO displayed strong insecticidal activity against C. maculatus, with contact and inhalation tests yielding LC50 values of 30.66 and 40.28 μL/100g, respectively, after 24 h of exposure. A dose of 5 μL/100g significantly reduced oviposition (48.85%) and inhibited emergence (45.15%) compared to the control group. Additionally, HTEO exhibited a high total antioxidant capacity of 758.34 mg AAE/g EO, highlighting its antioxidant potential. Insilico results showed that the antifungal activity of HTEO is mostly attributed to γ-Cadinene and p-Cymen-7-ol, while antioxidant is attributed to α-Terpinyl isobutyrate displayed. Overall, HTEO offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic products used to manage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Agour
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibrahim Mssillou
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Aimad Allali
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Taza, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez, Morocco
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Youness El Abdali
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Azeddin El Barnossi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Amina Bari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Elhoussine Derwich
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Helmy EAM, San PP, Zhang YZ, Adarkwah C, Tuda M. Entomotoxic efficacy of fungus-synthesized nanoparticles against immature stages of stored bean pests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8508. [PMID: 37231118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanopesticides, particularly biosynthesized ones using organic reductants, hold great promise as a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. However, their efficacy on stored product pests, which can cause damage to dried grains, has not been extensively tested, especially on immature stages. Here, we biosynthesized six types of nanoparticles (NPs) using extracts from the fungus Fusarium solani: silver (AgNPs), selenium (SeNPs), silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs), copper oxide (CuONPs), titanium dioxide (TiO2NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnONPs) ranging in size from 8 to 33 nm. To test their efficacy on stored bean pests, they were applied to the eggs and larvae of pest beetles Callosobruchus chinensis and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), which burrow into seeds as larvae. Susceptibility to the NPs was species-dependent and differed between developmental stages; eggs were more susceptible than larvae inhabiting in seeds. SeNPs and TiO2NPs reduced the hatchability of C. chinensis eggs by 23% and 18% compared to the control, respectively, leading to an 18% reduction in egg-to-adult survival by SeNPs. In C. maculatus, TiO2NPs applied to eggs reduced larva-to-adult survivorship by 11%, resulting in a 15% reduction in egg-to-adult survival. The egg mass of C. chinensis was 23% smaller than that of C. maculatus: the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio of the C. chinensis eggs could explain their higher acute mortality caused by the NPs compared to C. maculatus eggs. The biosynthesized SeNPs and TiO2NPs have potential for controlling major stored bean pests when applied to their eggs. This is the first to show the efficacy of biosynthesized SeNPs and TiO2NPs on stored product pests and the efficacy of Fusarium-synthesized NPs on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed Mohamed Helmy
- The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Phyu Phyu San
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Entomology and Zoology, Yezin Agricultural University, Naypyitaw, Myanmar
| | - Yao Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Charles Adarkwah
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, School of Agriculture and Technology, Dormaa-Ahenkro Campus, University of Energy and Natural Resources, PO Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana.
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Lentzeallee 55/57, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Midori Tuda
- Laboratory of Insect Natural Enemies, Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Lazaridi E, Bebeli PJ. Cowpea Constraints and Breeding in Europe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1339. [PMID: 36987026 PMCID: PMC10052078 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume with a constant rate of cultivation in Southern European countries. Consumer demand for cowpea worldwide is rising due to its nutritional content, while Europe is constantly attempting to reduce the deficit in the production of pulses and invest in new, healthy food market products. Although the climatic conditions that prevail in Europe are not so harsh in terms of heat and drought as in the tropical climates where cowpea is mainly cultivated, cowpea confronts with a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and yield-limiting factors in Southern European countries. In this paper, we summarize the main constraints for cowpea cultivation in Europe and the breeding methods that have been or can be used. A special mention is made of the availability plant genetic resources (PGRs) and their potential for breeding purposes, aiming to promote more sustainable cropping systems as climatic shifts become more frequent and fiercer, and environmental degradation expands worldwide.
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Akbar R, Khan IA, Alajmi RA, Ali A, Faheem B, Usman A, Ahmed AM, El-Shazly M, Farid A, Giesy JP, Aboul-Soud MAM. Evaluation of Insecticidal Potentials of Five Plant Extracts against the Stored Grain Pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1047. [PMID: 36421950 PMCID: PMC9696586 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant based insecticides are considered among the most economic and ecofriendly chemicals for the protection of plants and stored grains. The cowpea weevil (Callosbruchus maculatus) causes more than 90% damage to sored grains in three to six months. The current study investigates insecticidal potentials of five selected botanicals: Melia azedarach, Nicotiana rustica, Azadirachta indica, Nicotiana tabacum and Thuja orientalis. They are explored at six different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) against C. maculatus and compared to effects of distilled water which is used as a control. Toxicities of 3%(V/V) extracts of N. tabacum, N. rustica, A. indica and T. orientalis against C. maculatus were 100%, 86.11%, 80.56% and 72.22%, respectively. Maximum mortality was caused by N. tabacum and N. rustica (100%), followed by A. indica (82%), whereas minimum mortality was observed in T. orientalis (64%) at 2.5%. Several phytochemicals, alkaloids, saponins, diterphenes, phytosterol, flavonoids and phenols were identified in N. tabacum and N. rustica, while few were present in A. indica. Phytosterol was present in greatest abundance. Saponins were only detected in aqueous extracts of N. rustica and N. tabacum. Taken together, these results indicate the utility of N. tabacum, N. rustica and A. indica as potential botanicals to control pest beetle and cowpea weevil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Akbar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22062, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Reem A. Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur 22062, Pakistan
| | - Brekhna Faheem
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Usman
- Department of Entomology, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf M. Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Abid Farid
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22062, Pakistan
| | - John P. Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Vaglica A, Peri E, Badalamenti N, Ilardi V, Bruno M, Guarino S. Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Seseli bocconei Essential Oils against Stored Products Pests. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3047. [PMID: 36432776 PMCID: PMC9697863 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from different aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Seseli bocconei Guss., a wild species endemic of Sicily, was investigated. Furthermore, the EOs' biocidal effects towards two pests of stored products, Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculates, were evaluated. This activity was evaluated in Petri dish bioassays to establish the survival rate of adults treated with the EOs comparing them with solvent and a commonly used insecticide (pyrethrum). The data obtained from the toxicity bioassay evidenced that stems' EOs and leaves' EOs have a contact/fumigation effect towards the two insect species tested, while the EOs from the flowers did not exhibit a different mortality than the solvent. The EOs from the stem and leaves of S. bocconei, tested at 10 mg/petri dish, determined a LT50 of 53.38 and 42.97 h, respectively, on S. oryzae adults, and of 45.23 and 42.97 h, respectively, on C. maculatus adults. The promising bioactivity of S. bocconei leaves' EOs and stems' EOs toward S. oryzae and C. maculatus is encouraging in the perspective to test these oils and their main constituents for further experiments in the laboratory and field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vaglica
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ezio Peri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Badalamenti
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca “Riutilizzo Bio-Based Degli Scarti da Matrici Agroalimentari” (RIVIVE), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guarino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Ajayi FF, Ogori AF, Orede VO, Peter E. Synergistic effect of Balanites aegyptiaca essential oil and storage materials on cowpea seeds. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-2-545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is a legume produced and consumed all over Africa and especially in Nigeria. These beans are a major source of protein in the region. The cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus L.) is a major pest that affects cowpea seeds. Therefore, cowpea farmers need effective non-toxic pesticides to replace synthetic chemicals. The present research tested the effect of Balanites aegyptiaca L. essential oil on cowpea weevils.
This research quantified weevil proliferation and cowpea seed qualities. The samples were treated with 5, 10, and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil diluted in 1 mL of acetone and stored in five storage materials, i.e., jute bags, polythene bags, sacks, plastic containers, and glass bottles. The study featured a completely randomized design with three replications of each treatment: treatment time – 90 days, storage temperature – 30 ± 5°C, check – 0.125 g of aluminum phosphide, control – acetone.
B. aegyptiaca essential oil proved to be an effective insecticide against cowpea weevils. The treatment achieved 100% mortality rate at 10 and 15 mL of B. aegyptiaca essential oil after 72 h of exposure in glass bottles, plastic containers, and jute bags. In addition, B. aegyptiaca essential oil demonstrated a potent activity against oviposition and survival of immature cowpea weevils. Cowpea seeds packaged in glass bottles, plastics containers, and jute bags showed significantly less damage than those stored in sacks and polythene bags. Glass bottles were the best storage material in terms of safety and shelf stability, followed by plastic containers and jute bags.
B. aegeptica essential oil has potent insecticidal properties and can be used as pest control during grain storage.
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Ebadollahi A, Jalali Sendi J, Setzer WN, Changbunjong T. Encapsulation of Eucalyptus largiflorens Essential Oil by Mesoporous Silicates for Effective Control of the Cowpea Weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113531. [PMID: 35684469 PMCID: PMC9182336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of synthetic chemicals is the principal method for insect pest management, their widespread application has led to numerous side effects, including environmental pollution and threats to human and animal health. Plant essential oils have been introduced as promising natural substitutes for synthetic insecticides. However, high volatility and/or low durability are the main limiting factors for essential oil application for control of insect pests. Accordingly, along with an evaluation of the fumigant toxicity of Eucalyptus largiflorens essential oil against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus, essential oil was nanoencapsulated by two mesoporous silicates, MCM-41 and zeolite 3A, to enhance fumigant persistence and toxicity. The chemical profile of essential oil was also analyzed through gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. E. largiflorens essential oil showed significant concentration-dependent toxicity against insect pests; a concentration of 5.16 μL/L resulted in 100% mortality after 48 h. The toxicity of essential oil could be attributed to the presence of various insecticidal terpenes, such as spathulenol (15.6%), cryptone (7.0%), and 1,8-cineole (5.8%). Fumigant persistence was increased from 6 days to 19 and 17 days for pure and capsulated essential oil with MCM-41 and Zeolite 3A, respectively. The insect mortality also increased from 99 insects in pure essential oil to 178 and 180 insects in MCM-41 and Zeolite 3A encapsulated formulations, respectively. Therefore, the encapsulation of E. largiflorens essential oil by MCM- 41 and Zeolite 3A is a beneficial method for enhancing its persistence and toxicity against C. maculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Ebadollahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 5697194781, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (T.C.)
| | - Jalal Jalali Sendi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 416351314, Iran;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Tanasak Changbunjong
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (T.C.)
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The Potential Impacts by the Invasion of Insects Reared to Feed Livestock and Pet Animals in Europe and Other Regions: A Critical Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14106361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
While the use of alien insect species for food and feed can help to alleviate protein shortage and provide for a more sustainable feed production, their invasive potential should be considered since invasive alien species represent one of the five main global threats to biodiversity. In the European Union (EU), eight insect species have already been authorized to be used as feed ingredients for aquaculture organisms, pets, poultry, and pigs. These species were selected based on available national risk assessments, as most of them are non-native to Europe. However, it is not clear how these risk assessments truly consider all EU bioregions, given that the information used was mostly biased towards northern European regions. As a large proportion of invasive alien species already present in the EU were introduced unintentionally, it is therefore crucial to understand and manage the potential pathways of such introductions in a more effective way. Here, we provide a critical overview of the potential risks of rearing alien insect species as feed or as pet food (for both livestock and exotic pets) in the EU. The results showed that some of these insect species have an invasive potential, either due to their reproductive capacity in different climates or due to the fact that they have already established populations in areas where they were introduced, with negative effects on local ecosystems or causing economical losses. For this reason, it is recommended that risk assessments should be performed in other EU bioregions as well as monitoring programs to control the spread of insect species with invasive potential. In addition, other available native insect species with potential to be used as feed ingredients should be considered.
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