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Li J, Wang Y, Li J, Xu S, Wang S, Liu W, Fu L, Jiang M, Bai G. Phillyrin and its metabolites treat pulmonary embolism by targeting PLCβ3 to inhibit platelet activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118457. [PMID: 38866117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lian Qiao (LQ), the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, is a well-documented traditional Chinese medicine known for its detoxifying and heat-clearing properties. Clinically, compounds containing LQ are widely used to treat thrombotic diseases, indicating that it may have antithrombotic effects. However, its exact mechanism of action remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to verify the antithrombotic effect of LQ and further explore the material basis and target mechanism of its antithrombotic effect using various biological methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS An epinephrine-collagen-thrombin-induced mouse model of acute pulmonary embolism (APE) was established to study the effects of LQ on thrombus development. A UPLC/Q/TOF-MS screening and identification system based on the inhibition of platelet aggregation and Ca2+ antagonism was established to determine the pharmacodynamic components of LQ that inhibit platelet activation. The inhibitory effect of active ingredients on platelet activation, and the determination of the target of their inhibitory effect on platelet activation have been studied using chemical proteomics. Furthermore, based on the structure and function of the target protein, a multidisciplinary approach was adopted to analyze the molecular mechanism of active ingredient binding to target proteins and to evaluate the effects of active ingredients on the downstream signaling pathways of target proteins. RESULTS LQ showed significant anticoagulant effects in APE model mice. Phillyrin and phillygenin were the antiplatelet-activating components of LQ. PLCβ3 was identified as a target for inhibiting platelet activation by phillyrin and its metabolites. The mechanism underlying the effect involves phillyrin and its metabolites inhibiting PLCβ3 activity by blocking the binding of PLCβ3 to Gαq through non-covalently targeting the ASN260 of PLCβ3, thus inhibiting the downstream Gαq-PLCβ3-Ca2+ signaling pathway, effectively hindering platelet activation and therefore playing an anticoagulant role. CONCLUSION This study not only proposes and validates the antithrombotic effect of LQ for the first time but also finds that phillyrin and phillygenin are the main pharmacological substances through which LQ exerts antithrombotic activity and reveals a novel mechanism by which they exert antiplatelet activity by directly targeting and inhibiting PLCβ3 activity. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic potential of phillyrin and provide important clues for the discovery and development of new antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shou Wang
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co. Ltd, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co. Ltd, Dalian, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Yan R, Xia Y, Zhou K, Liu J, Sun Y, He C, Ge X, Yang M, Sun C, Yuan L, Li S, Yang B, Meng F, Cao L, Ruan C, Dai K. Essential role of glycoprotein Ibα in platelet activation. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3388-3401. [PMID: 38701351 PMCID: PMC11255362 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023012308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα), the ligand-binding subunit of platelet GPIb-IX complex, interacts with von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at the injured vessel wall, initiating platelet adhesion, activation, hemostasis, and thrombus formation. The cytoplasmic tail of GPIbα interacts with 14-3-3ζ, regulating the VWF-GPIbα-elicited signal transduction and VWF binding function of GPIbα. However, we unexpectedly found that the GPIbα-14-3-3ζ association, beyond VWF-dependent function, is essential for general platelet activation. We found that the myristoylated peptide of GPIbα C-terminus MPαC, a potential GPIbα inhibitor, by itself induced platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, granule secretion, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Conversely, the deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of GPIbα in mouse platelets (10aa-/-) decreased platelet aggregation, integrin αIIbβ3 activation, granule secretion, and PS exposure induced by various physiological agonists. Phosphoproteome-based kinase activity profiling revealed significantly upregulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity in MPαC-treated platelets. MPαC-induced platelet activation was abolished by the pan-PKC inhibitor and PKCα deletion. Decreased PKC activity was observed in both resting and agonist-stimulated 10aa-/- platelets. GPIbα regulates PKCα activity by sequestering 14-3-3ζ from PKCα. In vivo, the deletion of the GPIbα cytoplasmic tail impaired mouse hemostasis and thrombus formation and protected against platelet-dependent pulmonary thromboembolism. Therefore, our findings demonstrate an essential role for the GPIbα cytoplasmic tail in regulating platelet general activation and thrombus formation beyond the VWF-GPIbα axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Kangxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunyan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Ge
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Liuxia Yuan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanbi Meng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, National Clinical Research Center for Hematological Diseases, Suzhou, China
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Wei X, Zou Y, Dong S, Chen Y, Li G, Wang B. Recombinant hirudin attenuates pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis in acute pulmonary embolism rat model. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17039. [PMID: 38590700 PMCID: PMC11000639 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is classified as a subset of diseases that are characterized by lung obstruction due to various types of emboli. Current clinical APE treatment using anticoagulants is frequently accompanied by high risk of bleeding complications. Recombinant hirudin (R-hirudin) has been found to have antithrombotic properties. However, the specific impact of R-hirudin on APE remains unknown. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to five groups, with thrombi injections to establish APE models. Control and APE group rats were subcutaneously injected with equal amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The APE+R-hirudin low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups received subcutaneous injections of hirudin at doses of 0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively. Each group was subdivided into time points of 2 h, 6 h, 1 d, and 4 d, with five animals per point. Subsequently, all rats were euthanized, and serum and lung tissues were collected. Following the assessment of right ventricular pressure (RVP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), blood gas analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA), pulmonary artery vascular testing, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot experiments were conducted. Results R-hirudin treatment caused a significant reduction of mPAP, RVP, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as H2O2 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, while increasing pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity. R-hirudin also decreased wall area ratio and wall thickness to diameter ratio in APE rat pulmonary arteries. Serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and thromboxaneB2 (TXB2) decreased, while prostaglandin (6-K-PGF1α) and NO levels increased. Moreover, R-hirudin ameliorated histopathological injuries and reduced apoptotic cells and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), p-Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2/ERK1/2, and p-P65/P65 expression in lung tissues. Conclusion R-hirudin attenuated pulmonary hypertension and thrombosis in APE rats, suggesting its potential as a novel treatment strategy for APE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanfen Zou
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Shunli Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Respiratory Diseases, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ghani H, Pepke-Zaba J. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review of the Multifaceted Pathobiology. Biomedicines 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 38255153 PMCID: PMC10813488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease results from the incomplete resolution of thrombi, leading to fibrotic obstructions. These vascular obstructions and additional microvasculopathy may lead to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which, if left untreated, can lead to right heart failure and death. The pathobiology of CTEPH has been challenging to unravel due to its rarity, possible interference of results with anticoagulation, difficulty in selecting the most relevant study time point in relation to presentation with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), and lack of animal models. In this article, we review the most relevant multifaceted cross-talking pathogenic mechanisms and advances in understanding the pathobiology in CTEPH, as well as its challenges and future direction. There appears to be a genetic background affecting the relevant pathological pathways. This includes genetic associations with dysfibrinogenemia resulting in fibrinolysis resistance, defective angiogenesis affecting thrombus resolution, and inflammatory mediators driving chronic inflammation in CTEPH. However, these are not necessarily specific to CTEPH and some of the pathways are also described in acute PE or deep vein thrombosis. In addition, there is a complex interplay between angiogenic and inflammatory mediators driving thrombus non-resolution, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling. Furthermore, there are data to suggest that infection, the microbiome, circulating microparticles, and the plasma metabolome are contributing to the pathobiology of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Ghani
- Pulmonary Vascular Disease Unit, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK;
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Smoday IM, Krezic I, Kalogjera L, Vukovic V, Zizek H, Skoro M, Kovac KK, Vranes H, Barisic I, Sikiric S, Strbe S, Tepes M, Oroz K, Zubcic S, Stupnisek M, Beketic Oreskovic L, Kavelj I, Novosel L, Prenc M, Barsic Ostojic S, Dobric I, Sever M, Blagaic AB, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Sjekavica I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Therapy for Inferior Caval Vein Embolization: Recovery of Sodium Laurate-Post-Embolization Syndrome in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1507. [PMID: 37895979 PMCID: PMC10610251 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
After inferior caval vein embolization therapy, post-embolization syndrome (sodium laurate 10 mg/kg, 0.1 mL into rat inferior caval vein, assessment at 15, 30, 60 min, prime lung lesions, thromboemboli occluding lung vessels), as a severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, might be resolved as a whole by stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy. At 5 min after laurate injection, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was implemented as therapy (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg intraperitoneally or intragastrically). As before, confronted with the occlusion of major vessel(s) or similar noxious procedures, such as rapidly acting Virchow triad circumstances, the particular effect of the therapy (i.e., collateral pathways activation, "bypassing vascular key", i.e., direct blood flow delivery via activation of azygos vein) assisted in the recovery of the vessel/s and counteracted multiorgan failure due to occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome as a whole in the laurate-injected rats. Along with prime lung lesions and thromboemboli occluding lung vessels, post-embolization syndrome rapidly occurred peripherally and centrally as a shared multiorgan and vessel failure, brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract lesions, venous hypertension (intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval), aortal hypotension, progressing thrombosis in veins and arteries and stasis, congested and/or failed major veins, and severe ECG disturbances. Whatever the cause, these were all counteracted, eliminated, or attenuated by the application of BPC 157 therapy. As recovery with BPC 157 therapy commonly and rapidly occurred, reversing the collapsed azygos vein to the rescuing collateral pathway might initiate rapid direct blood delivery and start blood flow reorganization. In conclusion, we suggest BPC 157 therapy to resolve further vascular and embolization injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maria Smoday
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Luka Kalogjera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Vlasta Vukovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Marija Skoro
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Katarina Kasnik Kovac
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Hrvoje Vranes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivan Barisic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Suncana Sikiric
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sanja Strbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Marijan Tepes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Katarina Oroz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Slavica Zubcic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Mirjana Stupnisek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Lidija Beketic Oreskovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Ivana Kavelj
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Luka Novosel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Matea Prenc
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sanja Barsic Ostojic
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Ivan Dobric
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marko Sever
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mario Staresinic
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb,10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Ivica Sjekavica
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (I.K.); (L.N.); (M.P.); (S.B.O.); (I.S.)
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.S.); (I.K.); (L.K.); (V.V.); (H.Z.); (K.K.K.); (H.V.); (I.B.); (S.S.); (M.T.); (K.O.); (S.Z.); (M.S.); (L.B.O.); (A.B.B.)
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Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou C, Wang Y, Miao J, Zhao L. Pulmonary embolism induces pneumonia-like lung injury beyond pulmonary infarction. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12322. [PMID: 38111797 PMCID: PMC10726156 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) commonly manifest concomitant "pneumonia," which is generally believed to be either a cause (infection) or a consequence (infarction) of PE. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between PE and "pneumonia-like" lesions beyond pulmonary infection and infarction. Chest computed tomography (CT) images of patients with PE and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were retrospectively analyzed to compare the incidence of pneumonia lesions. The pathological damage and wet/dry ratio of lung tissues were observed in PE rats and PE plasma-injected rats. In total, 793 and 914 inpatients were enrolled in the PE and DVT groups, respectively. Pneumonia lesions were observed in 36.9% and 26.3% of patients in the PE and DVT groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). Among PE rats, 33.3% exhibited focal severe lung injury, which closely resembled the pathological damage of community-acquired pneumonia. The wet/dry ratio was significantly higher in the PE group than in the PE-control group (4.98 ± 0.08 vs. 4.39 ± 0.06, p < 0.0001). Among PE plasma-injected rats, individuals with focal proven lung injury were found at all experimental points, with an incidence of 27.6%. The lung wet/dry ratio was significantly higher in the PE plasma group than in the PE-control plasma group at 1 and 2 h postinjection (5.02 ± 0.12 vs. 4.61 ± 0.06 and 4.76 ± 0.16 vs. 4.34 ± 0.09, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, the manifestation of pneumonia lesions in chest CT images was higher among PE patients than among DVT patients. Plasma of PE rats could induce focal pneumonia-like lung injury in healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Medical Research CenterShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic DiseasesShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chuming Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Jianing Miao
- Medical Research CenterShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Karpov AA, Mihailova AM, Cherepanov DE, Chefu SG, Shilenko LA, Vaulina DD, Butskikh MG, Chervaev KA, Sidorova EE, Ivkin DY, Galagudza MM. The Use of Microencapsulated Autologous Thrombi for Modelling Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:616-619. [PMID: 37853268 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Here we developed a model of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) using repeated intravenous administration of microencapsulated thrombi with a controlled rate of biodegradation. Autologous thrombi encapsulated in alginate microspheres with a diameter of 190±48 μm were intravenously injected to rats 8 times every 4 days. In the comparison group, nonmodified thrombi were injected. After 6 weeks, a significant increase in systolic pressure in the right ventricle, a decrease in exercise tolerance, and an increase in the index of vascular wall hypertrophy were revealed in the group receiving injections of microencapsulated thrombi in comparison with the group receiving nonmodified thrombi and healthy animals. Thus, the developed representative CTEPH model can be used to test promising pharmacological substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Karpov
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Mihailova
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D E Cherepanov
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S G Chefu
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Shilenko
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D D Vaulina
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M G Butskikh
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kh A Chervaev
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E E Sidorova
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Yu Ivkin
- St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M M Galagudza
- V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- I. P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Mirakhorli F, Vahidi B, Pazouki M, Barmi PT. A Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Blood Clot Motion in a Branch of Pulmonary Arteries. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:79-91. [PMID: 35788909 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-022-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most prevalent diseases amid hospitalized patients taking many people's lives annually. This phenomenon, however, has not been investigated via numerical simulations. METHODS In this study, an image-based model of pulmonary arteries has been constructed from a 44-year-old man's computed tomography images. The fluid-structure interaction method was used to simulate the motion of the blood clot. In this regard, Navier-Stokes equations, as the governing equations, have been solved in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation. RESULTS According to our results, the velocity of visco-hyperelastic model of the emboli was relatively higher than the emboli with hyperelastic model, despite their similar behavioral pattern. The stresses on the clot were also investigated and showed that the blood clot continuously sustained stresses greater than 165 Pa over an about 0.01 s period, which can cause platelets to leak and make the clot grow or tear apart. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that in silico analysis of the cardiovascular diseases initiated from clot motion in blood flow is a valuable tool for a better understanding of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mirakhorli
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Vahidi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Pazouki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Talebi Barmi
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Inhibition of JAK1,2 Prevents Fibrotic Remodeling of Pulmonary Vascular Bed and Improves Outcomes in the Rat Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415646. [PMID: 36555286 PMCID: PMC9779027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare complication of acute pulmonary embolism with poor clinical outcomes. Therapeutic approaches to prevention of fibrotic remodeling of the pulmonary vascular bed in CTEPH are limited. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibition with ruxolitinib might prevent and attenuate CTEPH in a rat model. CTEPH was induced by repeated embolization of the pulmonary artery with partially biodegradable 180 ± 30 μm alginate microspheres. Two weeks after the last injection of microspheres, ruxolitinib was administered orally at doses of 0.86, 2.58, and 4.28 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks. Prednisolone (1.475 mg/kg, i.m.) was used as a reference drug. Ruxolitinib in all doses as well as prednisolone reduced pulmonary vascular wall hypertrophy. Ruxolitinib at a dose of 2.58 mg/kg and prednisolone reduced vascular wall fibrosis. Prednisolone treatment resulted in decreased right ventricular systolic pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance was lower in the prednisolone and ruxolitinib (4.28 mg/kg) groups in comparison with the placebo group. The plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide was lower in groups receiving ruxolitinib at doses of 2.58 and 4.28 mg/kg versus placebo. This study demonstrated that JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib dose-dependently reduced pulmonary vascular remodeling, thereby preventing CTEPH formation in rats.
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