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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Namangkalakul W, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Intermittent compressive force regulates matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases expression in human periodontal ligament cells. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106011. [PMID: 38815450 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of intermittent compressive force (ICF) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). DESIGN hPDLCs were subjected to ICF with a magnitude of 1.5 g/cm2 and loaded for 24 h. mRNA and protein expression of several MMPs and TIMPs were assessed using RT-PCR and ELISA analyses. An inhibitor of TGF-β (SB431542) was used to assess a possible role of TGF-β in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs under ICF. RESULTS mRNA and protein analyses showed that ICF significantly induced expression of TIMP1 and TIMP3, but decreased expression of MMP1. Incubation with the TGF-β inhibitor and applied to ICF showed a downregulation of TIMP3, but expression of MMP1 was not affected. CONCLUSION ICF is likely to affect ECM homeostasis by hPDLCs by regulating the expression of MMP1 and TIMPs. Moreover, TGF-β1 regulated expression of TIMP3. These findings suggest ICF may decrease the degradation of ECM and may thus be essential for maintaining PDL homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Oral Biology Graduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Worachat Namangkalakul
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Pakpahan ND, Kyawsoewin M, Manokawinchoke J, Termkwancharoen C, Egusa H, Limraksasin P, Osathanon T. Effects of mechanical loading on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells: A scoping review. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38736036 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Various mechanical loadings, including mechanical stress, orthodontics forces, and masticatory force, affect the functions of periodontal ligament cells. Regulation of periodontal tissue destruction, formation, and differentiation functions are crucial processes for periodontal regeneration therapy. Numerous studies have reported that different types of mechanical loading play a role in maintaining periodontal tissue matrix homeostasis, and osteogenic differentiation of the periodontal ligament cells. This scoping review aims to evaluate the studies regarding the effects of various mechanical loadings on the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, regulation of the balance between formation and destruction of periodontal tissue matrix, osteogenic differentiation, and multiple differentiation functions of the periodontal ligament. An electronic search for this review has been conducted on two databases; MEDLINE via PubMed and SCOPUS. Study selection criteria included original research written in English that reported the effects of different mechanical loadings on matrix homeostasis and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells. The final 204 articles were mainly included in the present scoping review. Mechanical forces of the appropriate magnitude, duration, and pattern have a positive influence on the secretion of ECM components such as collagen, as well as regulate the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Additionally, these forces regulate a balance between osteoblastic and osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, incorrect mechanical loadings can lead to abnormal formation and destruction of both soft and hard tissue. This review provides additional insight into how mechanical loadings impact ECM homeostasis and multiple differentiation functions of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs), thus making it valuable for regenerative periodontal treatment. In combination with advancing technologies, the utilization of ECM components, application of different aspects of mechanical force, and differentiation potential of PDLCs could bring potential benefits to future periodontal regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novena Dameria Pakpahan
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maythwe Kyawsoewin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chutimon Termkwancharoen
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Dental Stem Cell Biology and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Ma J, Fan H, Geng H. Distinct and overlapping functions of YAP and TAZ in tooth development and periodontal homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1281250. [PMID: 38259513 PMCID: PMC10800899 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1281250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves mechanical-biochemical signal transduction, which results in tissue remodeling of the tooth-periodontium complex and the movement of orthodontic teeth. The dynamic regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis serves as the biological basis for remodeling of the periodontium, and more importantly, the prerequisite for establishing periodontal homeostasis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which actively respond to mechanical stimuli during tooth movement. Specifically, they participate in translating mechanical into biochemical signals, thereby regulating periodontal homeostasis, periodontal remodeling, and tooth development. YAP and TAZ have widely been considered as key factors to prevent dental dysplasia, accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, and shorten treatment time. In this review, we summarize the functions of YAP and TAZ in regulating tooth development and periodontal remodeling, with the aim to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action and provide insights into maintaining proper tooth development and establishing a healthy periodontal and alveolar bone environment. Our findings offer novel perspectives and directions for targeted clinical treatments. Moreover, considering the similarities and differences in the development, structure, and physiology between YAP and TAZ, these molecules may exhibit functional variations in specific regulatory processes. Hence, we pay special attention to their distinct roles in specific regulatory functions to gain a comprehensive and profound understanding of their contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Geng
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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Anderson H, Hersh DS, Khan Y. The potential role of mechanotransduction in the management of pediatric calvarial bone flap repair. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:39-52. [PMID: 37668193 PMCID: PMC10841298 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients suffering traumatic brain injuries may require a decompressive craniectomy to accommodate brain swelling by removing a portion of the skull. Once the brain swelling subsides, the preserved calvarial bone flap is ideally replaced as an autograft during a cranioplasty to restore protection of the brain, as it can reintegrate and grow with the patient during immature skeletal development. However, pediatric patients exhibit a high prevalence of calvarial bone flap resorption post-cranioplasty, causing functional and cosmetic morbidity. This review examines possible solutions for mitigating pediatric calvarial bone flap resorption by delineating methods of stimulating mechanosensitive cell populations with mechanical forces. Mechanotransduction plays a critical role in three main cell types involved with calvarial bone repair, including mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and dural cells, through mechanisms that could be exploited to promote osteogenesis. In particular, physiologically relevant mechanical forces, including substrate deformation, external forces, and ultrasound, can be used as tools to stimulate bone repair in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Ultimately, combating pediatric calvarial flap resorption may require a combinatorial approach using both cell therapy and bioengineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Anderson
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David S Hersh
- Department of Surgery, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yusuf Khan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Role of YAP as a Mechanosensing Molecule in Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314634. [PMID: 36498961 PMCID: PMC9737411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1, also known as TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators in the Hippo signaling pathway. Both are well-known regulators of cell proliferation and organ size control, and they have significant roles in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. The roles of YAP and TAZ in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation have been extensively studied. However, the upstream mediators of YAP and TAZ are not well understood. Recently, a novel role of YAP in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction has been reported. The present review updates information on the regulation of YAP by mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid shear stress, and actin cytoskeleton tension in stem cell behaviors and differentiation. The review explores mesenchymal stem cell fate decisions, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), self-renewal, pluripotency, and differentiation to blood products. Understanding how cells sense their microenvironment or niche and mimic those microenvironments in vitro could improve the efficiency of producing stem cell products and the efficacy of the products.
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