Transplantation of hybrid adipose-derived stem cell sheet with autologous peritoneum: An in vivo feasibility study

The Role and Prospects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Skin Repair and Regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as a cell therapy with the potential to promote skin healing. MSCs, with their multipotent differentiation ability, can generate various cells related to wound healing, such as dermal fibroblasts (DFs), endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. In addition, MSCs promote neovascularization, cellular regeneration, and tissue healing through mechanisms including paracrine and autocrine signaling. Due to these characteristics, MSCs have been extensively studied in the context of burn healing and chronic wound repair. Furthermore, during the investigation of MSCs, their unique roles in skin aging and scarless healing have also been discovered. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which MSCs promote wound healing and discuss the recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies. We also explore strategies to enhance the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Moreover, we discuss the emerging trend of combining MSCs with tissue engineering techniques, leveraging the advantages of MSCs and tissue engineering materials, such as biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels, to enhance the skin repair capacity of MSCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential of using paracrine and autocrine characteristics of MSCs to explore cell-free therapies as a future direction in stem cell-based treatments, further demonstrating the clinical and regenerative aesthetic applications of MSCs in skin repair and regeneration.

Clinical evaluation of the perception of post-trauma paresthesia in the mandible, using a biomimetic material: A preliminary study in humans

There is a great effort from numerous research groups in the development of materials and therapeutic strategies for the functional recovery of patients who have suffered peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). In an article in vivo, the formation of a nerve bridge was observed, reconnecting the distal and proximal stumps, in the sciatic nerve of rats, indicating the effective participation of the biomaterial in the recovery of peripheral nerve injuries. For the current pilot study, 15 cases of multiple fractures of the mandible, with involvement of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) were selected and studied: JC (control cases) n = 6 with conventional treatment, and JT (treated cases) n = 9, with the use of biomimetic biomaterial. The evaluation of the return to sensitivity was measured through a self-assessment, where the patients assigned scores from 0 to 10, where zero (0) represented the complete absence of sensitivity and ten (10) the normality of the perception of local sensitivity. Patients were evaluated from the preoperative period to the 360th day. The statistical results obtained by the t-Student, Shapiro-Wilk normality and non-parametric One-Way ANOVA tests indicated statistically significant differences (p < 0.005; 0.005 e 0.5 respectively), between the two treatments, which were reflected in the clinical results observed, we also calculate the size of the effect represented by ϵ², calculated by Cohen's d. The results indicate a great difference between the treatments performed,ϵ² = 1.00. In the 6 cases followed up in the JC group, four remained with a significant deficit until the end of the evaluations and two indicated the remission of the lack of sensitivity in this period. In the JT group, in 28 days, all cases indicated complete remission of the lack of sensitivity with healing concentration. In one of the cases where there was a complete rupture of the mental nerve, the (score-10) was observed in 60 days. The observed results indicate the existence of a statistical significance between the groups and an important relationship when using the biomimetic biomaterial during the recovery of the perception of sensitivity in polytraumatized patients, compatible with the results observed in laboratory animals, which may indicate its clinical feasibility in the reduction of sequelae in PNI.

The preclinical and clinical progress of cell sheet engineering in regenerative medicine

Cell therapy is an accessible method for curing damaged organs or tissues. Yet, this approach is limited by the delivery efficiency of cell suspension injection. Over recent years, biological scaffolds have emerged as carriers of delivering therapeutic cells to the target sites. Although they can be regarded as revolutionary research output and promote the development of tissue engineering, the defect of biological scaffolds in repairing cell-dense tissues is apparent. Cell sheet engineering (CSE) is a novel technique that supports enzyme-free cell detachment in the shape of a sheet-like structure. Compared with the traditional method of enzymatic digestion, products harvested by this technique retain extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by cells as well as cell-matrix and intercellular junctions established during in vitro culture. Herein, we discussed the current status and recent progress of CSE in basic research and clinical application by reviewing relevant articles that have been published, hoping to provide a reference for the development of CSE in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine.