Triazole based Schiff bases and their Oxovanadium(IV) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial assay, and computational assessments

Synthesis, quantum chemical calculations, in silico and in vitro bioactivity of a sulfonamide-Schiff base derivative

The sulfonamide Schiff base compound (E)-4-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide was successfully prepared and fully characterized. The foremost objective of this study was to explore the molecular geometry of the aforementioned compound and determine its drug likeness characteristics, docking ability as an insulysin inhibitor, anticancer and antioxidant activities. The molecular structure of this compound was optimized using the B3LYP/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory. The compound was completely characterized utilizing both experimental and DFT approaches. Molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals, Fukui function, drug likeness, and in silico molecular docking analyses of this compound were performed. Wave functional properties such as localized orbital locator, electron localization function and non-covalent interactions were also simulated. The compound was screened for anticancer and antioxidant activities using in vitro technique. The observed FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR results compared with simulated data and both results were fairly consistent. The experimental and computational spectral findings confirm the formation of the Schiff base compound. Both π-π* and n-π* transitions were observed in both experimental and computational UV-Vis spectra. The examined compound followed to Pfizer, Golden Triangle, GSK, and Lipinski's rules. Consequently, it possesses a more favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile, making it a suitable candidate for non-toxic oral drug use. Moreover, the compound exhibited promising insulysin inhibition activity in an in silico molecular docking. The compound showed in vitro anticancer activity against A549 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 40.89 μg/mL and moderate antioxidant activity.

An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential

The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.

Computational Assessment of the Phytochemicals of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Against Dopamine Receptor D1 for Early Huntington's Disease Prophylactics

A herb, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases. In this work, its chemical components have been explored by computational methods for the possibility of therapeutic potential against early Huntington's disease. The molecular docking calculations against dopamine receptor D1 (PDB ID: 7X2F) involved in pathogenesis of early Huntington's disease gave the binding affinities (kcal/mol) of schizandrin (-10.530), ergosterol (-10.124), protopanaxadiol (-9.650), panaxydol (-9.399), diphenhydramine (-9.358), and panasenoside (-9.358). The values for native ligand (-7.748) and some selected drugs, Nefazodone (-9.880), Risperidone (-9.752), and Haloperidol (-9.712) were higher revealing weaker interactions. The stability assessment of top protein-ligand adducts in terms of various geometrical and thermodynamical parameters extracted from 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations pointed to schizandrin, protopanaxadiol, and panasenoside as hit molecules. The minimal translational and rotational motion of the docked ligands at orthosteric pocket of the receptor at near physiological conditions hinted at the probability of it restricting or inhibiting over-activation of DRD1. The sustained thermodynamic spontaneity of complex formation reaction augmented the inferences derived from spatial results. The phytochemicals from Panax ginseng could be used in the prophylactics of early Huntington's disease and recommendation is made for further evaluation by experimental work.

Effect of indomethacin on the electrical conductance and electrochemical voltammetry of copper chloride in methanol, ethanol, and their binary mixture with water

This study investigated the physicochemical properties of the interaction of indomethacin and copper chloride using the electrical conductance measurement in methanol, ethanol, and their binary mixture with water at room temperature (298.15 K), to determine the solvation behavior, redox behavior, and kinetics. The association parameters were computed using the Fuoss-Hsia-Fernández-Prini and Fuoss-Shedlovsky models. The standard Gibbs energy for association (ΔGoA), Walden product (Λoηo), and hydrodynamic radii (RH) were calculated to study the interaction of indomethacin and copper chloride. On the other hand, cyclic voltammetry examines the electrochemical redox behavior of copper chloride using a gold electrode and its interactions with indomethacin. Results showed changes in peak potentials and currents density in the presence of indomethacin, indicating alterations in redox behavior and reaction rates. Overall, this research can be valuable in understanding the electrochemical properties and potential applications of indomethacin and copper chloride, as well as in developing new drugs or therapeutic agents, which could have has implications in various fields, including drug development, electrochemistry, and materials science.

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal Investigation, Computational Studies, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Biological Activities of a New Schiff Base Derived from 2-Chloro Benzaldehyde and 3,3'-Dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine

The current research involves the synthesis of a new Schiff base through the reaction between 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine by using a natural acid catalyst and a synthesized compound physicochemically characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Thermal studies were conducted using thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis, and differential thermogravimetric curves. These curves were obtained in an inert nitrogen environment from ambient temperature to 1263 K using heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 K·min-1. Using thermocurve data, model-free isoconversional techniques such as Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Friedman are used to determine kinetic parameters. These parameters include activation energy, phonon frequency factor, activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and Gibb's free energy change. All of the results have been thoroughly investigated. The molecule's anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were also examined. To learn more about the potential of the Schiff base and how successfully it can suppress the amylase enzyme, a molecular docking experiment was also conducted. For in silico research, the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity algorithms were used to calculate the theoretical pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability, toxic effects, and biological activities of the synthesized molecule. Moreover, the cytotoxicity tests against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay demonstrated that the synthesized Schiff base exhibited significant anticancer properties.

Synthesis of novel conjugated benzofuran-triazine derivatives: Antimicrobial and in-silico molecular docking studies

Two new developments of antibacterial agents, a series of benzofuran-triazine based compounds (8a-8h) were designed and synthesized. The derivatives were prepared through conventional chemical reactions and structurally characterized with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was assessed against gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Salmonella entritidis and Escherichia coli). Compound 8e, with the MIC value of 125-32 μg/μl against all the examined strains of bacteria, was the most active antibacterial compound. The synthesized derivatives were also studied for docking to the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) receptor which has a key role in drug resistance associated with bacterial infections. The synthesized compounds showed good interaction with the targets through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. According to antibacterial and docking studies, compound 8e could be introduced as a candidate for development of antibacterial compounds.